Author Kamran Bokhari: Kamran Bokhari is Vice President of Middle Eastern & South Asian Affairs at Stratfor, USA. He is also a Visiting Lecturer in the Department of Politics & International Relations at the University of Westminster, UK and a fellow with the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, USA.Author Farid Senzai: Farid Senzai is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Santa Clara University, USA and Director of Research at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. He is the author of Educating the Muslims of America (Oxford University Press, 2009)

"Bokhari and Senzai present a generally persuasive, informed, and nuanced conceptual framework for understanding different 'Islamists' behavior in relation to democracy' and the different ways democracy can be interpreted and operationalized within Islamic societies ... . Overall, this book constitutes a must read for students of Muslim politics; it is an informative, resourceful, and easily comprehensible text for anyone who desires to understand political Islam today." (Ravza Altuntas-Cakir, Insight Turkey, insightturkey.com, December, 2015)

• Foreword; Fawaz A. Gerges 1. Introduction: The Role of Religion in Politics 2. The Complexity of Political Islam 3. Theoretical Framework: Democratization and Islamists 4. Participatory Islamists: The Case of the Muslim Brotherhood 5. Conditionalist Islamists: The Case of the Salafis 6. Rejector Islamists: al-Qaeda and Transnational Jihadism 7. Rejector Islamists: Taliban and Nationalist Jihadism 8. Participatory Shia Islamism: The Islamic Republic of Iran 9. Arab Shia Islamism: Hezbollah and Iraqi Shia Islamists 10. Post-Islamism: The Case of Turkey's AKP 11. Conclusion: Prospect for Muslim Democracies