Ali Al Tuma is a JSPS fellow at the United Nations University in Tokyo, and was a faculty member at Leiden University.

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• Introduction Part I: Combat and life in the army 1. A military overview of the Spanish Civil War and the role of the Moroccan troops 2. The Moroccans on the battlefield 3. The Moroccan and his army Part II: Women and religion: the Moroccans and Spanish society 4. Victims, wives and concubines: relations between Moroccan troops and Spanish women 5. Moros y Cristianos: religious aspects of the participation of Moroccan soldiers in the war Part III: The Moroccan as enemy, the Moroccan as ‘Brother’ 6. The Republic and the Moroccans 7. To be Spanish, to be Moroccan Conclusions Appendices