Beatrice Heuser is Chair in International Relations at the University of Reading, UK. Her research focuses on strategy, European security, transatlantic relations, Britain, France, USA, Germany, and defence policy making. She has published on nuclear strategy, Clausewitz, and the evolution of strategy since Antiquity.

• Preface: ‘The Origins of Small Wars from Special Operations to Ideological Insurgencies’: A National Army Museum response Introduction: Exploring the jungle of terminology 1. The sixteenth-century antecedents of special operations ‘small war’ 2. The essence of war: French armies and small war in the Low Countries (1672 – 1697) 3. Initiating insurgencies abroad: French plans to ‘chouannise’ Britain and Ireland, 1793 – 1798 4. The insurgency of the Vendée 5. Guerrillas and bandits in the Serranía de Ronda, 1810 – 1812 6. The German wars of liberation 1807 – 1815: The restrained insurgency 7. Poachers turned gamekeepers: A study of the guerrilla phenomenon in Spain, 1808 – 1840 8. Small Wars in the Age of Clausewitz: The Watershed Between Partisan War and People’s War 9. Atrocities in Theory and Practice 10. Lessons learnt? Cultural transfer and revolutionary wars, 1775 – 1831

Beatrice Heuser is Chair in International Relations at the University of Reading, UK. Her research focuses on strategy, European security, transatlantic relations, Britain, France, USA, Germany, and defence policy making. She has published on nuclear strategy, Clausewitz, and the evolution of strategy since Antiquity.

• Preface: ‘The Origins of Small Wars from Special Operations to Ideological Insurgencies’: A National Army Museum response Introduction: Exploring the jungle of terminology 1. The sixteenth-century antecedents of special operations ‘small war’ 2. The essence of war: French armies and small war in the Low Countries (1672 – 1697) 3. Initiating insurgencies abroad: French plans to ‘chouannise’ Britain and Ireland, 1793 – 1798 4. The insurgency of the Vendée 5. Guerrillas and bandits in the Serranía de Ronda, 1810 – 1812 6. The German wars of liberation 1807 – 1815: The restrained insurgency 7. Poachers turned gamekeepers: A study of the guerrilla phenomenon in Spain, 1808 – 1840 8. Small Wars in the Age of Clausewitz: The Watershed Between Partisan War and People’s War 9. Atrocities in Theory and Practice 10. Lessons learnt? Cultural transfer and revolutionary wars, 1775 – 1831

Beatrice Heuser is Chair in International Relations at the University of Reading, UK. Her research focuses on strategy, European security, transatlantic relations, Britain, France, USA, Germany, and defence policy making. She has published on nuclear strategy, Clausewitz, and the evolution of strategy since Antiquity.

• Preface: ‘The Origins of Small Wars from Special Operations to Ideological Insurgencies’: A National Army Museum response Introduction: Exploring the jungle of terminology 1. The sixteenth-century antecedents of special operations ‘small war’ 2. The essence of war: French armies and small war in the Low Countries (1672 – 1697) 3. Initiating insurgencies abroad: French plans to ‘chouannise’ Britain and Ireland, 1793 – 1798 4. The insurgency of the Vendée 5. Guerrillas and bandits in the Serranía de Ronda, 1810 – 1812 6. The German wars of liberation 1807 – 1815: The restrained insurgency 7. Poachers turned gamekeepers: A study of the guerrilla phenomenon in Spain, 1808 – 1840 8. Small Wars in the Age of Clausewitz: The Watershed Between Partisan War and People’s War 9. Atrocities in Theory and Practice 10. Lessons learnt? Cultural transfer and revolutionary wars, 1775 – 1831