Morality and Moral Controversies

Steven Scalet is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Baltimore (UB), where he helped launch the Program in Philosophy, Law, and Ethics. Prior to working at UB, he directed the Program in Philosophy, Politics, and Law at Binghamton University (State University of New York, SUNY), and received the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching. Scalet received his Ph.D. in Philosophy and M.A. in Economics from the University of Arizona. Scalet is the author of Markets, Ethics, and Business Ethics, 2nd Edition (2018).John Arthur (1946–2007) was a professor of philosophy with areas of specialization in legal theory, social ethics, and political philosophy. He authored several books, including Race, Equality, and the Burdens of History (2007). He taught at Binghamton University for eighteen years.

• PART I MORAL THINKINGChapter 1 Self-Interest, Religion, and Conscience Leviathan: Morality as Rational Advantage Thomas HobbesMorality and Rational Self-Interest Baruch BrodyDivine Commands and the Social Nature of Obligation Robert Merrihew AdamsMorality, Religion, and Conscience John ArthurThe Conscience of Huckleberry Finn Jonathan BennettChapter 2 The Sources and Grounds of Morality The Sources of Moral Ideas: Society, Custom, and Sympathy Edward WestermarckTrying Out One’s New Sword Mary MidgleyMorality Is Based on Sentiment David HumeMorality and Normativity Michael J. PerryThe Moral Instinct Steven PinkerChapter 3 Classical and Contemporary Theories of Morality Nicomachean Ethics AristotleThe Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals Immanuel KantUtilitarianism John Stuart MillIntuitionism W. D. RossKant and Utilitarianism Contrasted Onora O’NeillThe Real and Alleged Problems of Utilitarianism Richard B. BrandtThe Ethics of Care as Moral Theory Virginia HeldPART II LIFE AND DEATHChapter 4 Terrorism and TortureIs Terrorism Morally Distinctive? Samuel SchefflerTorture: The Case for Dirty Harry Uwe SteinhoffTraining Torturers: A Critique of the "Ticking Bomb" Argument Jessica WolfendaleChapter 5 War, Autonomous Machines, and the Arms TradeOn the Morality of War Richard A. WasserstromThe Morality of Pacifism Cheyney RyanWhen is a Robot a Moral Agent? John P. SullinsAutonomous Machines, Moral Judgement, and Acting for the Right Reasons Duncan Purves, Ryan Jenkins, and Bradley J. StrawserWeapons, Security, and Oppression: A Normative Study of International Arms Transfers James ChristensenChapter 6 Capital Punishment The Death Penalty Gregg v. GeorgiaDesert and Capital Punishment Martin PerlmutterThe Ultimate Punishment Ernest van den HaagAbolishing the Death Penalty Even for the Worst Murderers Hugo Adam BedauJustice, Civilization, and the Death Penalty Jeffrey H. ReimanChapter 7 Animals, Environmentalism, and Climate All Animals Are Equal Peter SingerSpeciesism and the Idea of Equality Bonnie SteinbockPeople or Penguins William F. BaxterThe Land Ethic: Animal Liberation and Environmentalism J. Baird CallicottTwo Kinds of Climate Justice: Avoiding Harm and Sharing Burdens Simon CaneyChapter 8 Cloning and Abortion The Ethics of Cloning-to-Produce-Children The President’s Council on BioethicsThe Constitutional Right to Abortion Roe v. WadeA Defense of Abortion Judith Jarvis ThomsonOn the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion Mary Anne WarrenAbortion and the Concept of a Person Jane EnglishAn Argument That Abortion Is Wrong Don MarquisFathers and Fetuses George W. HarrisChapter 9 Health Care and Deciding Who Should Live The Medical Minimum: Zero Jan NarvesonA Right to Health Care Pavlos EleftheriadisRequiring Medical Treatment JFK Memorial Hospital v. HestonDeath With Dignity Act Gonzales v. OregonAging and the Ends of Medicine Daniel CallahanThe Survival Lottery John HarrisPART III PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPSChapter 10 Love and Sex Duties Toward the Body in Respect to Sexual Impulse Immanuel KantPlain Sex Alan H. GoldmanGay Basics: Some Questions, Facts, and Values Richard D. MohrWhat is the Point of Love? Carolyn PriceChapter 11 Family and Friendship Is Adultery Immoral? Richard A. WasserstromLicensing Parents Hugh LaFolletteCan Parents and Children Be Friends? Joseph KupferParents and Children as Friends Kristján KristjánssonWhat Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents? Jane English Chapter 12 Personal Dimensions of Technology: Friendships, Self-Driving Cars, and PrivacyIs Google Making Us Stupid? Nicholas CarrFriendship in the Shadow of Technology Laurence ThomasSocial Networking Sites and Our Lives Pew Internet and American Life ProjectWhy Ethics Matters for Autonomous Cars Patrick Lin Technology and New Challenges for Privacy Leslie P. Francis The Benefits of Being Watched Andrew ObergPrivacy, Neuroscience and Neuro-Surveillance Adam D. Moore PART IV POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPSChapter 13 The Ideal State The Second Treatise of Government John LockeLibertarian Justice Tibor R. MachanOn Liberty John Stuart MillOn Representative Government John Stuart MillA Theory of Justice John RawlsChapter 14 Protests, Patriotism, and the Rule of Law Flag Burning as Constitutionally Protected Texas v. JohnsonIs Patriotism a Virtue? Alasdair MacIntyrePatriotism as Bad Faith Simon KellerFrederick Douglass’s Patriotism Bernard Boxill Letter from a Birmingham Jail Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.Crito PlatoLegitimate and Illegitimate Uses of Police Force John KleinigChapter 15 Democracy: Foundations, Recent Contributions, and Global ChallengesGettysburg Address Abraham LincolnWhat Justifies Democracy and Rule Over None II: Social Equality and the Justification of Democracy Niko Kolodny Are Charter Cities Legitimate Rahul SagarPolitical Morality and the Authority of Tradition Steven WallTransnational Legal Sites and Democracy-Building Seyla BenhabibSocial Movements Avery KolersChapter 16 Liberty: Free Speech and Drug Use Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion John Stuart MillPower in Public: Reactions, Responses, and Resistance to Offensive Public Speech Laura Beth NielsenThe Social Benefits of Protecting Hate Speech and Exposing Sources of Prejudice Marcus Schulzke Organized Protests and Free Speech Snyder v Phelps (Westboro Baptist Church)Nazi Marches Village of Skokie v. National Socialist PartyDo Corporations Have Freedom of Speech? Citizens United v. Federal Election CommissionThe Ethics of Smoking Robert E. GoodinAddiction and Drug Policy Daniel ShapiroThe Ethics of Addiction: An Argument in Favor of Letting Americans Take Any Drug They Want Thomas SzaszChapter 17 Economic Justice: Markets and PropertyOf Justice David HumeThe Entitlement Theory Robert NozickInequality and Other Problems with Nozick’s Libertarianism John RawlsMoney and Commodities Michael WalzerProperty Rights and Eminent Domain Kelo v. City of New LondonThe Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits Milton FriedmanRethinking the Social Responsibility of Business: A Debate John Mackey and Milton FriedmanChapter 18 Race, Gender, and Affirmative ActionSeparate But Equal? Brown v. Board of EducationRethinking the Problem of the Ghetto Tommie Shelby Affirmative Action in Higher Education Grutter v. BollingerAffirmative Action in Higher Education Gratz v. BollingerReverse Discrimination James RachelsThe Subjection of Women John Stuart Mill and Harriet TaylorSexual Equality and Discrimination: Difference vs. Dominance Will KymlickaSocial Movements and the Politics of Difference Iris Marion YoungFreedom, Conditioning, and the Real Woman Janet Radcliffe RichardsChapter 19 Immigration, National Boundaries, and MulticulturalismThe Ethics of Immigration Joseph H. CarensImmigration and Democratic Principles: On Carens' Ethics of Immigration Sarah SongImmigration and Freedom of Association Christopher Heath WellmanMulticulturalism: A Liberal Perspective Joseph RazReason Before Identity Amartya SenAssimilation and Cultural Identity Wisconsin v. YoderAppendix: The Bill of Rights and Fourteenth Amendment