Ing-Marie Gren is professor of environmental and resource economics at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, and research associate at the Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, Stockholm. Kerry Turner is professor of environmental sciences and Director of the Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environmental (CSERGE) at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. Fredrik Wulff is professor of marine biology at the Department of Systems Ecology, University of Stockholm.

• Introduction * Part I: Land Use and Nutrient Loads * Wetlands as Nutrient Sinks * Part II: Economic and Ecological Evaluation ? Cost-Effective Nutrient Reductions to the Baltic Sea * Impacts of Changed Nutrient Loads on the Baltic Sea * The Benefits of a Less Eutrophicated Baltic Sea * Part III: Institutions and Policies ? Policy Instruments and Cost Sharing of Baltic Sea Cleaning Programmes * Winners and Losers from Baltic Sea Nitrogen Reductions * The Effects of Implementing Markets for Emission Permits Nationally vs. Regionally * Conclusions * References * Index

Ing-Marie Gren is professor of environmental and resource economics at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, and research associate at the Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, Stockholm. Kerry Turner is professor of environmental sciences and Director of the Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environmental (CSERGE) at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. Fredrik Wulff is professor of marine biology at the Department of Systems Ecology, University of Stockholm.

• Introduction * Part I: Land Use and Nutrient Loads * Wetlands as Nutrient Sinks * Part II: Economic and Ecological Evaluation ? Cost-Effective Nutrient Reductions to the Baltic Sea * Impacts of Changed Nutrient Loads on the Baltic Sea * The Benefits of a Less Eutrophicated Baltic Sea * Part III: Institutions and Policies ? Policy Instruments and Cost Sharing of Baltic Sea Cleaning Programmes * Winners and Losers from Baltic Sea Nitrogen Reductions * The Effects of Implementing Markets for Emission Permits Nationally vs. Regionally * Conclusions * References * Index

Ing-Marie Gren is professor of environmental and resource economics at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, and research associate at the Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, Stockholm. Kerry Turner is professor of environmental sciences and Director of the Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environmental (CSERGE) at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. Fredrik Wulff is professor of marine biology at the Department of Systems Ecology, University of Stockholm.

• Introduction * Part I: Land Use and Nutrient Loads * Wetlands as Nutrient Sinks * Part II: Economic and Ecological Evaluation ? Cost-Effective Nutrient Reductions to the Baltic Sea * Impacts of Changed Nutrient Loads on the Baltic Sea * The Benefits of a Less Eutrophicated Baltic Sea * Part III: Institutions and Policies ? Policy Instruments and Cost Sharing of Baltic Sea Cleaning Programmes * Winners and Losers from Baltic Sea Nitrogen Reductions * The Effects of Implementing Markets for Emission Permits Nationally vs. Regionally * Conclusions * References * Index