Melissa Leach is Director of the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK.Ian Scoones is a Professorial Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex and co-directs the ESRC STEPS (Social, Technological and Environmental Pathways to Sustainability) Centre, UK.

"Carbon forestry is privatizing, commodifying and financializing the world’s forests, recasting relations between state and market forest landscapes. This book illuminates the fraught political economy of this transformative moment – through lived experience within place-based histories. As the first comparative political ecology of carbon forestry politics, this book is essential reading for scholars and practitioners wishing to transform carbon forestry for the better."–Jesse Ribot, University of Illinois, USA"This book not only synthesizes what we know about carbon forestry and illustrate how it has unfolded in Africa, it also critically reflects on the material, social and cultural life of carbon and how the latter features amidst dynamic ecologies and the development needs and aspirations of states and people. This is a brilliant book; a must read for scholars and activists interested in the commodification of environmental services and their likely consequences."–Esteve Corbera, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain"This book will help readers better understand why it is important to incorporate livelihood considerations and a landscape approach into the design and implementation of forest carbon projects."–Gretchen Walters, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Switzerland"This piece of work is a critical revision of carbon projects as economic interventions that provide new value to ecosystems suffering from unsustainable use. Due to their economic relevance they have even become an interesting object for brokers, traders, and consultants and often developed a certain potential to create social distortions on the ground." – Challenges in Sustainability, Pierre L. Ibisch, Eberswalde University, for Sustainable Development, Germany

• 1. Political Ecologies of Carbon in Africa 2. Forest Carbon Projects and Policies in Africa 3. Climate Emergency, Carbon Capture and Coercive Conservation on Mt. Kilimanjaro 4.Carbon in Africa’s Agricultural Landscapes A Kenyan Case 5. ‘Zones of Awkward Engagement’ in Ugandan Carbon Forestry 6. Implementing REDD+: Evidence from Kenya 7. Carbon Projects and Communities: Dynamic Encounters in Zambia 8. Struggles over Carbon in the Zambezi Valley: The Case of Kariba REDD in Hurungwe, Zimbabwe 9. Farming Carbon in Ghana’s Transition Zone: Rhetoric versus Reality 10. Old Reserve, New Carbon Interests: The Case of the Western Area Peninsula Forest, Sierra Leone

Melissa Leach is Director of the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK.Ian Scoones is a Professorial Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex and co-directs the ESRC STEPS (Social, Technological and Environmental Pathways to Sustainability) Centre, UK.

"Carbon forestry is privatizing, commodifying and financializing the world’s forests, recasting relations between state and market forest landscapes. This book illuminates the fraught political economy of this transformative moment – through lived experience within place-based histories. As the first comparative political ecology of carbon forestry politics, this book is essential reading for scholars and practitioners wishing to transform carbon forestry for the better."–Jesse Ribot, University of Illinois, USA"This book not only synthesizes what we know about carbon forestry and illustrate how it has unfolded in Africa, it also critically reflects on the material, social and cultural life of carbon and how the latter features amidst dynamic ecologies and the development needs and aspirations of states and people. This is a brilliant book; a must read for scholars and activists interested in the commodification of environmental services and their likely consequences."–Esteve Corbera, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain"This book will help readers better understand why it is important to incorporate livelihood considerations and a landscape approach into the design and implementation of forest carbon projects."–Gretchen Walters, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Switzerland"This piece of work is a critical revision of carbon projects as economic interventions that provide new value to ecosystems suffering from unsustainable use. Due to their economic relevance they have even become an interesting object for brokers, traders, and consultants and often developed a certain potential to create social distortions on the ground." – Challenges in Sustainability, Pierre L. Ibisch, Eberswalde University, for Sustainable Development, Germany

• 1. Political Ecologies of Carbon in Africa 2. Forest Carbon Projects and Policies in Africa 3. Climate Emergency, Carbon Capture and Coercive Conservation on Mt. Kilimanjaro 4.Carbon in Africa’s Agricultural Landscapes A Kenyan Case 5. ‘Zones of Awkward Engagement’ in Ugandan Carbon Forestry 6. Implementing REDD+: Evidence from Kenya 7. Carbon Projects and Communities: Dynamic Encounters in Zambia 8. Struggles over Carbon in the Zambezi Valley: The Case of Kariba REDD in Hurungwe, Zimbabwe 9. Farming Carbon in Ghana’s Transition Zone: Rhetoric versus Reality 10. Old Reserve, New Carbon Interests: The Case of the Western Area Peninsula Forest, Sierra Leone

Melissa Leach is Director of the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK.Ian Scoones is a Professorial Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex and co-directs the ESRC STEPS (Social, Technological and Environmental Pathways to Sustainability) Centre, UK.

"Carbon forestry is privatizing, commodifying and financializing the world’s forests, recasting relations between state and market forest landscapes. This book illuminates the fraught political economy of this transformative moment – through lived experience within place-based histories. As the first comparative political ecology of carbon forestry politics, this book is essential reading for scholars and practitioners wishing to transform carbon forestry for the better."–Jesse Ribot, University of Illinois, USA"This book not only synthesizes what we know about carbon forestry and illustrate how it has unfolded in Africa, it also critically reflects on the material, social and cultural life of carbon and how the latter features amidst dynamic ecologies and the development needs and aspirations of states and people. This is a brilliant book; a must read for scholars and activists interested in the commodification of environmental services and their likely consequences."–Esteve Corbera, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain"This book will help readers better understand why it is important to incorporate livelihood considerations and a landscape approach into the design and implementation of forest carbon projects."–Gretchen Walters, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Switzerland"This piece of work is a critical revision of carbon projects as economic interventions that provide new value to ecosystems suffering from unsustainable use. Due to their economic relevance they have even become an interesting object for brokers, traders, and consultants and often developed a certain potential to create social distortions on the ground." – Challenges in Sustainability, Pierre L. Ibisch, Eberswalde University, for Sustainable Development, Germany

• 1. Political Ecologies of Carbon in Africa 2. Forest Carbon Projects and Policies in Africa 3. Climate Emergency, Carbon Capture and Coercive Conservation on Mt. Kilimanjaro 4.Carbon in Africa’s Agricultural Landscapes A Kenyan Case 5. ‘Zones of Awkward Engagement’ in Ugandan Carbon Forestry 6. Implementing REDD+: Evidence from Kenya 7. Carbon Projects and Communities: Dynamic Encounters in Zambia 8. Struggles over Carbon in the Zambezi Valley: The Case of Kariba REDD in Hurungwe, Zimbabwe 9. Farming Carbon in Ghana’s Transition Zone: Rhetoric versus Reality 10. Old Reserve, New Carbon Interests: The Case of the Western Area Peninsula Forest, Sierra Leone