Z. A. KONCZACKI Professor of Economics, Dalhousie University and J. M. KONCZACKI Associate Professor, Mount St Vincent University

• Introduction Part I AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 1 The Spread of Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa 2 Speculations on the Coming of the Banana to Uganda 3 The Cultivation and Use of Yams in West Africa 4 The Introduction and Spread of Maize in Africa Part I LAND USE AND TENURE 5 Land Tenure: Group and Individual Rights 6 Land Tenure and Feudalism in Africa 7 Land Tenure Rights in Ancient Ruanda Part llI INTRODUCTION AND USE OF METALS 8 The Iron Age in the Sudan 9 Early Records of Iron in Abyssinia 10 An Essay on the History of Metals in West Africa Part IV SOME ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE IRON AGE 11 The Iron Age of Zambia 12 Aspects of the Ushi Iron Industry Part V PATTERNS OF TRADE 13 Trans-Saharan Trade in the Middle Ages 14 Trade Patterns in Ghana at the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century 15 Nineteenth-Century Trade in the Bamenda Grass[1]fields, Southern Cameroons 16 Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Context of West African History 17 Early Trade and Raw Materials in South Central Africa 18 The East African Coast. An Historical and Archaeological Review 19 The East African Slave Trade Edwar20 The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Part VI TRADE ROUTES AND TRADE CENTRES 21 Some Reflections on African Trade Routes 22 Long-Distance Trade-Routes in Central Africa 23 Some Comments on the Origins of Traditional Markets in Africa South of the Sahara 24 Trade Centres in the Northern Interlacustrine Region Part VII MEDIA OF EXCHANGE AND STANDARDS OF VALUE 25 Native and Trade Currencies in Southern Nigeria during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 26 Cowrie from North and South: an Episode in the History of the Dahomean Currency System 27 The Ounce in Eighteenth-Century West African Trade Marion Johnson 28 Salt Currency in Ethiopia in the Zamana Masafent

Z. A. KONCZACKI Professor of Economics, Dalhousie University and J. M. KONCZACKI Associate Professor, Mount St Vincent University

• Introduction Part I AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 1 The Spread of Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa 2 Speculations on the Coming of the Banana to Uganda 3 The Cultivation and Use of Yams in West Africa 4 The Introduction and Spread of Maize in Africa Part I LAND USE AND TENURE 5 Land Tenure: Group and Individual Rights 6 Land Tenure and Feudalism in Africa 7 Land Tenure Rights in Ancient Ruanda Part llI INTRODUCTION AND USE OF METALS 8 The Iron Age in the Sudan 9 Early Records of Iron in Abyssinia 10 An Essay on the History of Metals in West Africa Part IV SOME ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE IRON AGE 11 The Iron Age of Zambia 12 Aspects of the Ushi Iron Industry Part V PATTERNS OF TRADE 13 Trans-Saharan Trade in the Middle Ages 14 Trade Patterns in Ghana at the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century 15 Nineteenth-Century Trade in the Bamenda Grass[1]fields, Southern Cameroons 16 Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Context of West African History 17 Early Trade and Raw Materials in South Central Africa 18 The East African Coast. An Historical and Archaeological Review 19 The East African Slave Trade Edwar20 The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Part VI TRADE ROUTES AND TRADE CENTRES 21 Some Reflections on African Trade Routes 22 Long-Distance Trade-Routes in Central Africa 23 Some Comments on the Origins of Traditional Markets in Africa South of the Sahara 24 Trade Centres in the Northern Interlacustrine Region Part VII MEDIA OF EXCHANGE AND STANDARDS OF VALUE 25 Native and Trade Currencies in Southern Nigeria during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 26 Cowrie from North and South: an Episode in the History of the Dahomean Currency System 27 The Ounce in Eighteenth-Century West African Trade Marion Johnson 28 Salt Currency in Ethiopia in the Zamana Masafent

Z. A. KONCZACKI Professor of Economics, Dalhousie University and J. M. KONCZACKI Associate Professor, Mount St Vincent University

• Introduction Part I AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 1 The Spread of Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa 2 Speculations on the Coming of the Banana to Uganda 3 The Cultivation and Use of Yams in West Africa 4 The Introduction and Spread of Maize in Africa Part I LAND USE AND TENURE 5 Land Tenure: Group and Individual Rights 6 Land Tenure and Feudalism in Africa 7 Land Tenure Rights in Ancient Ruanda Part llI INTRODUCTION AND USE OF METALS 8 The Iron Age in the Sudan 9 Early Records of Iron in Abyssinia 10 An Essay on the History of Metals in West Africa Part IV SOME ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE IRON AGE 11 The Iron Age of Zambia 12 Aspects of the Ushi Iron Industry Part V PATTERNS OF TRADE 13 Trans-Saharan Trade in the Middle Ages 14 Trade Patterns in Ghana at the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century 15 Nineteenth-Century Trade in the Bamenda Grass[1]fields, Southern Cameroons 16 Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Context of West African History 17 Early Trade and Raw Materials in South Central Africa 18 The East African Coast. An Historical and Archaeological Review 19 The East African Slave Trade Edwar20 The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Part VI TRADE ROUTES AND TRADE CENTRES 21 Some Reflections on African Trade Routes 22 Long-Distance Trade-Routes in Central Africa 23 Some Comments on the Origins of Traditional Markets in Africa South of the Sahara 24 Trade Centres in the Northern Interlacustrine Region Part VII MEDIA OF EXCHANGE AND STANDARDS OF VALUE 25 Native and Trade Currencies in Southern Nigeria during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 26 Cowrie from North and South: an Episode in the History of the Dahomean Currency System 27 The Ounce in Eighteenth-Century West African Trade Marion Johnson 28 Salt Currency in Ethiopia in the Zamana Masafent