Design of Wood Structures- ASD/LRFD, Eighth Edition

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• Preface Nomenclature 1 Wood Buildings and Design Criteria 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Types of Buildings 1.3 Required and Recommended References 1.4 Building Codes and Design Criteria 1.5 ASD and LRFD 1.6 Organization of the Text 1.7 Structural Calculations 1.8 Detailing Conventions 1.9 Fire-Resistive Requirements 1.10 Industry Organizations 1.11 References 2 Design Loads 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Dead Loads 2.3 Live Loads Floor Live Loads Roof Live Loads Special Live Loads 2.4 Snow Loads 2.5 Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure 2.6 Loads Due to Fluids 2.7 Rain Loads 2.8 Flood Loads 2.9 Tsunami Loads 2.10 Self-Straining Loads 2.11 Wind Loads—Introduction 2.12 Wind Forces—Main Wind Force Resisting System 2.13 Wind Forces—Components and Cladding 2.14 Seismic Forces—Introduction 2.15 Seismic Forces Redundancy Factor Base Shear Calculation Design Spectral Response Accelerations SDS and SD1 Importance Factor, Ie Seismic Design Category Response Modification Factor, R 2.16 Seismic Forces—Primary System 2.17 Seismic Forces—Components 2.18 Load Combinations Summary of Load Types ASD Load Combinations LRFD Load Combinations Determining Applicable Loads Simultaneous Occurrence of Loads Load Duration Factor, Time Effect Factor, and Allowable Stress Increases Load Levels 2.19 Serviceability/Deflection Criteria 2.20 References 2.21 Problems 3 Behavior of Structures under Loads and Forces 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Structures Subject to Vertical Loads 3.3 Structures Subject to Lateral Forces 3.4 Lateral Forces in Buildings with Diaphragms and Shearwalls 3.5 Design Problem: Lateral Forces on One-Story Building 3.6 Design Problem: Lateral Forces on Two-Story Building 3.7 References 3.8 Problems 4 Properties of Wood and Lumber Grades 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Design Specification NDS NDS Supplement Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic Design Manual Code Adoption 4.3 Methods of Grading Structural Lumber 4.4 Derivation of Design Values 4.5 Species and Species Groups 4.6 Cellular Makeup 4.7 Moisture Content and Shrinkage 4.8 Effect of Moisture Content on Lumber Sizes 4.9 Durability of Wood and the Need for Preservative Treatment 4.10 Growth Characteristics of Wood 4.11 Sizes of Structural Lumber 4.12 Size Categories and Commercial Grades 4.13 General Notation 4.14 Wet Service Factor CM 4.15 Load Duration Factor CD (ASD Only) 4.16 Time Effect Factor λ (LRFD Only) 4.17 Size Factor CF 4.18 Repetitive Member Factor Cr 4.19 Flat Use Factor Cfu 4.20 Temperature Factor Ct 4.21 Incising Factor Ci 4.22 Resistance Factor ϕ (LRFD Only) 4.23 Format Conversion Factor KF (LRFD Only) 4.24 Design Problem: Adjusted Design Values 4.25 References 4.26 Problems 5 Structural Glued Laminated Timber 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Sizes of Glulam Members 5.3 Resawn Glulam 5.4 Fabrication of Glulams 5.5 Grades of Glulam Members 5.6 Appearance Classification 5.7 Adjustment Factors for Glulam Wet Service Factor (CM) Load Duration Factor (CD)—ASD Only Time Effect Factor (λ)—LRFD Only Temperature Factor (Ct) Flat-Use Factor (Cfu) Volume Factor (Cv) Shear Reduction Factor (Cvr) Resistance Factor (ϕ)—LRFD Only Format Conversion Factor (KF)—LRFD Only 5.8 Design Problem: Adjusted Design Values 5.9 References 5.10 Problems 6 Beam Design 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Bending 6.3 Lateral Stability 6.4 Adjusted Bending Design Value Summary 6.5 Shear 6.6 Deflection 6.7 Design Summary 6.8 Bearing at Supports 6.9 Design Problem: Sawn Beam 6.10 Design Problem: Rough-Sawn Beam Using ASD 6.11 Design Problem: Notched Beam 6.12 Design Problem: Sawn-Beam Analysis 6.13 Design Problem: Glulam Beam with Full Lateral Support 6.14 Design Problem: Glulam Beam with Lateral Support at 8 ft-0 in. 6.15 Design Problem: Glulam Beam with Lateral Support at 48 ft-0 in. 6.16 Design Problem: Glulam with Compression Zone Stressed in Tension 6.17 Cantilever Beam Systems 6.18 Lumber Roof and Floor Decking 6.19 Fabricated Wood Components 6.20 References 6.21 Problems 7 Axial Forces and Combined Bending and Axial Forces 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Axial Tension Members 7.3 Design Problem: Tension Member 7.4 Columns 7.5 Detailed Analysis of Slenderness Ratio 7.6 Design Problem: Axially Loaded Column 7.7 Design Problem: Capacity of a Glulam Column 7.8 Design Problem: Capacity of a Bearing Wall 7.9 Built-Up Columns 7.10 Combined Bending and Tension Combined Axial Tension and Bending Tension Net Compressive Stress 7.11 Design Problem: Combined Bending and Tension 7.12 Combined Bending and Compression 7.13 Design Problem: Beam-Column 7.14 Design Problem: Beam-Column Action in a Stud Wall Using LRFD 7.15 Design Problem: Glulam Beam-Column Using ASD 7.16 Design for Minimum Eccentricity 7.17 Design Problem: Column with Eccentric Load Using ASD 7.18 References 7.19 Problems 8 Wood Structural Panels 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Panel Dimensions and Installation Recommendations 8.3 Plywood Makeup 8.4 OSB Makeup 8.5 Species Groups for Plywood 8.6 Veneer Grades 8.7 Exposure Durability Classifications 8.8 Panel Grades 8.9 Wood Structural Panel Siding 8.10 Roof Sheathing 8.11 Design Problem: Roof Sheathing 8.12 Floor Sheathing 8.13 Design Problem: Floor Sheathing 8.14 Wall Sheathing and Siding 8.15 Stress Calculations for Wood Structural Panels 8.16 References 8.17 Problems 9 Diaphragms 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Basic Diaphragm Action 9.3 Shear Resistance 9.4 Diaphragm Chords 9.5 Design Problem: Roof Diaphragm 9.6 Distribution of Lateral Forces in a Shearwall 9.7 Collector (Strut) Forces 9.8 Diaphragm Deflections 9.9 Diaphragms with Interior Shearwalls 9.10 Interior Shearwalls with Collectors 9.11 Diaphragm Flexibility 9.12 References 9.13 Problems 10 Shearwalls 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Basic Shearwall Action 10.3 Shearwalls Using Wood Structural Panels 10.4 Other Sheathing Materials 10.5 Shearwall Chord Members 10.6 Design Problem: Shearwall 10.7 Alternate Shearwall Design Methods 10.8 Anchorage Considerations 10.9 Vertical (Gravity) Loads 10.10 Lateral Forces Parallel to a Wall 10.11 Shearwall Deflection 10.12 Lateral Forces Perpendicular to a Wall 10.13 References 10.14 Problems 11 Wood Connections—Background 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Types of Fasteners and Connections 11.3 Yield Model for Laterally Loaded Fasteners 11.4 Factors Affecting Strength in Yield Model 11.5 Dowel Bearing Strength 11.6 Plastic Hinge in Fastener 11.7 Yield Limit Mechanisms 11.8 References 11.9 Problems 12 Nailed and Stapled Connections 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Types of Nails 12.3 Power-Driven Nails and Staples 12.4 Yield Limit Equations for Nails 12.5 Applications of Yield Limit Equations 12.6 Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails 12.7 Design Problem: Nail Connection for Knee Brace 12.8 Design Problem: Top Plate Splice 12.9 Design Problem: Shearwall Chord Tie 12.10 Design Problem: Laterally Loaded Toenail 12.11 Design Problem: Laterally Loaded Connection in End Grain 12.12 Nail Withdrawal Connections 12.13 Combined Lateral and Withdrawal Loads 12.14 Spacing Requirements 12.15 Nailing Schedule 12.16 References 12.17 Problems 13 Bolts, Lag Bolts, and Other Connectors 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Bolt Connections 13.3 Bolt Yield Limit Equations for Single Shear 13.4 Bolt Yield Limit Equations for Double Shear 13.5 Adjustment Factors for Bolts 13.6 Tension and Shear Stresses at a Multiple Fastener Connection 13.7 Design Problem: Multiple-Bolt Tension Connection 13.8 Design Problem: Bolted Chord Splice for Diaphragm 13.9 Shear Stresses in a Beam at a Connection 13.10 Design Problem: Bolt Connection for Diagonal Brace 13.11 Lag Bolt Connections 13.12 Yield Limit Equations for Lag Bolts 13.13 Adjustment Factors for Lag Bolts in Shear Connections 13.14 Design Problem: Collector (Strut) Splice with Lag Bolts 13.15 Lag Bolts in Withdrawal 13.16 Combined Lateral and Withdrawal Loads 13.17 Split Ring and Shear Plate Connectors 13.18 Developments in Lag Screw Technology 13.19 References 13.20 Problems 14 Connection Details and Hardware 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Connection Details 14.3 Design Problem: Beam-to-Column Connection 14.4 Cantilever Beam Hinge Connection 14.5 Prefabricated Connection Hardware 14.6 References 15 Diaphragm-to-Shearwall Anchorage 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Anchorage Summary 15.3 Connection Details—Diaphragm to Wood-Frame Wall 15.4 Connection Details—Diaphragm to Concrete or Masonry Walls 15.5 Subdiaphragm Anchorage of Concrete and Masonry Walls 15.6 Design Problem: Subdiaphragm 15.7 References 16 Advanced Topics in Lateral Force Design 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Seismic Forces—Regular Structures 16.3 Seismic Forces—Irregular Structures 16.4 Overturning—Background 16.5 Overturning—Review 16.6 Overturning—Wind 16.7 Overturning—Seismic 16.8 Lateral Analysis of Nonrectangular Buildings 16.9 Rigid Diaphragm Analysis 16.10 Additional Topics in Diaphragm Design 16.11 References A Equivalent Uniform Weights of Wood Framing B Weights of Building Materials C Sl Units Introduction Notation Prefixes Conversion Factors Area Bending Moment or Torque Lengths or Displacements Loads Moment of Inertia Section Modulus or Volume Stress and Modulus of Elasticity Unit Weight, Density Index