Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation, Fourth Edition

Francis M. Vanek, Ph.D., is a Lecturer and Research Assistant in the Departments of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering and Civil And Environmental Engineering and the Systems Engineering Program at Cornell University, where he specializes in the areas of energy efficiency, alternative energy, and energy for transportation. He is also a consultant with Taitem Engineering of Ithaca, NY. Louis D. Albright, Ph.D., is Professor of Biological and Environmental Engineering and Stephen H. Weiss Presidential Fellow at Cornell University. A Fellow of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), he is the author of Environmental Control for Animals and Plants.

• Preface to the Fourth EditionAcknowledgmentsNote to Instructors1. Introduction1-1. Overview1-2. Introduction1-3. Relationship between Energy, Population, and Wealth1-4. Pressures Facing World due to Energy Consumption1-5. Energy Issues and the Contents of This Book1-6. Units of Measure Used in Energy Systems1-7. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises2. Engineering Economic Tools2-1. Overview2-2. Introduction2-3. Economic Analysis of Energy Projects and Systems2-4. Direct versus External Costs and Benefits2-5. Intervention in Energy Investments to Achieve Social Aims2-6. NPV Case Study Example2-7. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises3. Climate Change and Climate Modeling3-1. Overview3-2. Introduction3-3. Modeling Climate and Climate Change3-4. Climate in the Future3-5. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises4. Fossil Fuel Resources4-1. Overview4-2. Introduction4-3. Decline of Conventional Fossil Fuels and a Possible Transition to Nonconventional Alternatives4-4. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises5. Stationary Combustion Systems5-1. Overview5-2. Introduction5-3. Fundamentals of Combustion Cycle Calculation5-4. Advanced Combustion Cycles for Maximum Efficiency5-5. Economic Analysis of Stationary Combustion Systems5-6. Incorporating Environmental Considerations into Combustion Project Cost Analysis5-7. Reducing CO2 by Capturing Emissions5-8. Systems Issues in Combustion in the Future5-9. Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Natural Gas5-10. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises6. Energy Conservation6-1. Overview6-2. Role of Conservation in Energy Sustainability6-3. Understanding Energy Efficiency6-4. Energy Conservation in Buildings6-5. Energy Conservation through Appliance Selection and Operation6-6. Energy Conservation in Industry6-7. Energy Conservation in Agriculture, Water, and Food Production6-8. ConclusionReferencesFurther ReadingExercises7. Carbon Sequestration7-1. Overview7-2. Introduction7-3. Indirect Sequestration7-4. Geological Storage of CO27-5. Sequestration through Conversion of CO2 into Inert Materials7-6. Direct Removal of CO2 from Atmosphere for Sequestration7-7. Overall Comparison of Sequestration Options7-8. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises8. Nuclear Energy Systems8-1. Overview8-2. Introduction8-3. Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Resources8-4. Reactor Designs: Mature Technologies and Emerging Alternatives8-5. Nuclear Fusion8-6. Nuclear Energy and Society: Environmental, Political, and Security Issues8-7. Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Nuclear Fission8-8. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises9. The Solar Resource9-1. Overview9-2. Introduction9-3. Definition of Solar Geometric Terms and Calculation of Sun’s Position by Time of Day9-4. Effect of Diffusion on Solar Performance9-5. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises10. Solar Photovoltaic Technologies10-1. Overview10-2. Introduction10-3. Fundamentals of PV Cell Performance10-4. Design and Operation of Practical PV Systems10-5. Life-Cycle Energy and Environmental Considerations10-6. Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Solar PV10-7. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises11. Active Solar Thermal Applications11-1. Overview11-2. Symbols Used in This Chapter11-3. General Comments11-4. Flat-Plate Solar Collectors11-5. Concentrating Collectors11-6. Heat Transfer in Flat-Plate Solar Collectors11-7. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises12. Passive Solar Thermal Applications12-1. Overview12-2. Symbols Used in This Chapter12-3. General Comments12-4. Thermal Comfort Considerations12-5. Building Enclosure Considerations12-6. Heating Degree Days and Seasonal Heat Requirements12-7. Types of Passive Solar Heating Systems12-8. Solar Transmission through Windows12-9. Load:Collector Ratio Method for Analysis12-10. Conservation Factor Addendum to the LCR Method12-11. Load:Collector Ratio Method for Design12-12. Passive Ventilation by Thermal Buoyancy12-13. Designing Window Overhangs for Passive Solar Systems12-14. SummaryReferencesExercises13. Wind Energy Systems13-1. Overview13-2. Introduction13-3. Using Wind Data to Evaluate a Potential Location13-4. Estimating Output from a Specific Turbine for a Proposed Site13-5. Turbine Design13-6. Economic and Social Dimensions of Wind Energy Feasibility13-7. Representative Levelized Cost Calculation for Electricity from Utility-Scale Wind13-8. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises14. Bioenergy Resources and Systems14-1. Overview14-2. Introduction14-3. Biomass14-4. Platforms14-5. Alcohol14-6. Biodiesel14-7. Methane and Hydrogen (Biogas)14-8. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises15. Transportation Energy Technologies15-1. Overview15-2. Introduction15-3. Vehicle Design Considerations and Alternative Propulsion Designs15-4. Alternatives to ICEVs: Alternative Fuels and Propulsion Platforms15-5. Well-to-Wheel Analysis as a Means of Comparing Alternatives15-6. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises16. Systems Perspective on Transportation Energy16-1. Overview16-2. Introduction16-3. Recent Trends and Current Assessment of Energy Use in Transportation Systems16-4. Applying a Systems Approach to Transportation Energy16-5. Understanding Transition Pathways for New Technology16-6. Toward a Policy for Future Transportation Energy from a Systems Perspective16-7. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises17. Other Technologies and Systems17-1. Overview17-2. Introduction17-3. Biomass Energy Application for Heat and Power17-4. Energy from Water: Hydropower, Tidal, and Wave Energy17-5. Energy Extraction Using Heat Pumps17-6. Energy Recovery from the Waste Stream17-7. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExercises18. Conclusion: Creating the Twenty-First-Century Energy System18-1. Overview18-2. Introduction: Energy in the Context of the Economic-Ecologic Conflict18-3. Sustainable Energy for Developing Countries18-4. Pathways to a Sustainable Energy Future: A Case Study18-5. The Role of the Energy Professional in Creating the Energy Systems of the Future18-6. SummaryReferencesFurther ReadingExerciseA. Guide to Online AppendicesIndex