About our authors Allen Angel received his BS and MS in mathematics from SUNY at New Paltz, and completed additional graduate work at Rutgers University. He taught at Sullivan County Community College and Monroe Community College, where he served as chairperson of the Mathematics Department. He served as Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation at Rutgers University for the summers of 1967 - 1970. He was President of The New York State Mathematics Association of Two-Year Colleges (NYSMATYC). He also served as Northeast Vice President of the American Mathematics Association of Two-Year Colleges (AMATYC). Allen lives in Palm Harbor, Florida but spends his summers in Penfield, New York. He enjoys playing tennis, watching sports, and traveling with his wife Kathy.Christine Abbott received her undergraduate degree in mathematics from SUNY Brockport and her graduate degree in mathematics education from Syracuse University. Since then she has taught mathematics at Monroe Community College and has recently chaired the department. In her spare time she enjoys watching sporting events, particularly baseball, college basketball, college football, and the NFL. She also enjoys spending time with her family, traveling and reading.Dennis Runde has a BS degree and an MS degree in Mathematics from the University of Wisconsin - Platteville and Milwaukee, respectively. He has a PhD in Mathematics Education from the University of South Florida. He has been teaching for more than 34 years at State College of Florida - Manatee - Sarasota. His interests include reading, history, biking, canoeing and cooking. He and his wife Kristin have raised 3 wonderful sons (Alex, Nick and Max), who each have earned a college degree and are successfully employed.

• Chapter 1: Critical Thinking Skills 1.1 Inductive and Deductive Reasoning1.2 Estimation Techniques1.3 Problem-Solving ProceduresChapter 2: Sets 2.1 Set Concepts2.2 Subsets2.3 Venn Diagrams, Set Operations, and Data Representation2.4 Venn Diagrams with Three Sets and Verification of Equality of Sets2.5 Set Applications and Survey Data Analysis2.6 Infinite SetsChapter 3: Logic 3.1 Statements and Logical Connectives3.2 Truth Tables for Negation, Conjunction, and Disjunction3.3 Truth Tables for the Conditional and Biconditional3.4 Equivalent Statements3.5 Symbolic Arguments3.6 Euler Diagrams and Syllogistic Arguments3.7 Switching CircuitsChapter 4: Systems of Numeration 4.1 Additive, Multiplicative, and Ciphered Systems of Numeration4.2 Place-Value or Positional-Value Numeration Systems4.3 Other Bases4.4 Perform Computations in Other Bases4.5 Early Computational MethodsChapter 5: Number Theory and the Real Number System 5.1 Number Theory5.2 The Integers5.3 The Rational Numbers5.4 The Irrational Numbers5.5 Real Numbers and Their Properties5.6 Rules of Exponents and Scientific Notation5.7 Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences5.8 The Fibonacci Sequence and The Golden RatioChapter 6: Algebra, Graphs, and Functions 6.1 Order of Operations and Solving Linear Equations6.2 Formulas and Modeling6.3 Applications of Algebra6.4 Variation6.5 Solving Linear Inequalities6.6 Graphing Linear Equations6.7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations6.8 Linear Inequalities in Two Variables and Systems of Linear Inequalities6.9 Solving Quadratic Equations by Using Factoring and by Using the Quadratic Formula6.10 Functions and Their GraphsChapter 7: The Metric System 7.1 Basic Terms and Conversions Within the Metric System7.2 Length, Area, and Volume7.3 Mass and Temperature7.4 Dimensional Analysis and Conversions to and from the Metric SystemChapter 8: Geometry 8.1 Points, Lines, Planes, and Angles8.2 Polygons8.3 Perimeter and Area8.4 Volume and Surface Area8.5 Transformational Geometry, Symmetry, and Tessellations8.6 Topology8.7 Non-Euclidean Geometry and Fractal GeometryChapter 9: Mathematical Systems 9.1 Groups9.2 Finite Mathematical Systems9.3 Modular Arithmetic9.4 MatricesChapter 10: Consumer Mathematics 10.1 Percent10.2 Personal Loans and Simple Interest10.3 Compound Interest10.4 Installment Buying10.5 Buying a House with a Mortgage10.6 Ordinary Annuities, Sinking Funds, and Retirement InvestmentsChapter 11: Probability 11.1 Empirical and Theoretical Probabilities11.2 Odds11.3 Expected Value (Expectation)11.4 Tree Diagrams11.5 OR and AND Problems11.6 Conditional Probability11.7 The Fundamental Counting Principle and Permutations11.8 Combinations11.9 Solving Probability Problems by Using Combinations11.10 Binomial Probability FormulaChapter 12: Statistics 12.1 Sampling Techniques and Misuses of Statistics12.2 Frequency Distributions and Statistical Graphs12.3 Measures of Central Tendency and Position12.4 Measures of Dispersion12.5 The Normal Curve12.6 Linear Correlation and RegressionChapter 13: Graph Theory 13.1 Graphs, Paths, and Circuits13.2 Euler Paths and Euler Circuits13.3 Hamilton Paths and Hamilton Circuits13.4 TreesChapter 14: Voting and Apportionment 14.1 Voting Methods14.2 Flaws of the Voting Methods14.3 Apportionment Methods14.4 Flaws of the Apportionment Methods

About our authors Allen Angel received his BS and MS in mathematics from SUNY at New Paltz, and completed additional graduate work at Rutgers University. He taught at Sullivan County Community College and Monroe Community College, where he served as chairperson of the Mathematics Department. He served as Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation at Rutgers University for the summers of 1967 - 1970. He was President of The New York State Mathematics Association of Two-Year Colleges (NYSMATYC). He also served as Northeast Vice President of the American Mathematics Association of Two-Year Colleges (AMATYC). Allen lives in Palm Harbor, Florida but spends his summers in Penfield, New York. He enjoys playing tennis, watching sports, and traveling with his wife Kathy.Christine Abbott received her undergraduate degree in mathematics from SUNY Brockport and her graduate degree in mathematics education from Syracuse University. Since then she has taught mathematics at Monroe Community College and has recently chaired the department. In her spare time she enjoys watching sporting events, particularly baseball, college basketball, college football, and the NFL. She also enjoys spending time with her family, traveling and reading.Dennis Runde has a BS degree and an MS degree in Mathematics from the University of Wisconsin - Platteville and Milwaukee, respectively. He has a PhD in Mathematics Education from the University of South Florida. He has been teaching for more than 34 years at State College of Florida - Manatee - Sarasota. His interests include reading, history, biking, canoeing and cooking. He and his wife Kristin have raised 3 wonderful sons (Alex, Nick and Max), who each have earned a college degree and are successfully employed.

• Chapter 1: Critical Thinking Skills 1.1 Inductive and Deductive Reasoning1.2 Estimation Techniques1.3 Problem-Solving ProceduresChapter 2: Sets 2.1 Set Concepts2.2 Subsets2.3 Venn Diagrams, Set Operations, and Data Representation2.4 Venn Diagrams with Three Sets and Verification of Equality of Sets2.5 Set Applications and Survey Data Analysis2.6 Infinite SetsChapter 3: Logic 3.1 Statements and Logical Connectives3.2 Truth Tables for Negation, Conjunction, and Disjunction3.3 Truth Tables for the Conditional and Biconditional3.4 Equivalent Statements3.5 Symbolic Arguments3.6 Euler Diagrams and Syllogistic Arguments3.7 Switching CircuitsChapter 4: Systems of Numeration 4.1 Additive, Multiplicative, and Ciphered Systems of Numeration4.2 Place-Value or Positional-Value Numeration Systems4.3 Other Bases4.4 Perform Computations in Other Bases4.5 Early Computational MethodsChapter 5: Number Theory and the Real Number System 5.1 Number Theory5.2 The Integers5.3 The Rational Numbers5.4 The Irrational Numbers5.5 Real Numbers and Their Properties5.6 Rules of Exponents and Scientific Notation5.7 Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences5.8 The Fibonacci Sequence and The Golden RatioChapter 6: Algebra, Graphs, and Functions 6.1 Order of Operations and Solving Linear Equations6.2 Formulas and Modeling6.3 Applications of Algebra6.4 Variation6.5 Solving Linear Inequalities6.6 Graphing Linear Equations6.7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations6.8 Linear Inequalities in Two Variables and Systems of Linear Inequalities6.9 Solving Quadratic Equations by Using Factoring and by Using the Quadratic Formula6.10 Functions and Their GraphsChapter 7: The Metric System 7.1 Basic Terms and Conversions Within the Metric System7.2 Length, Area, and Volume7.3 Mass and Temperature7.4 Dimensional Analysis and Conversions to and from the Metric SystemChapter 8: Geometry 8.1 Points, Lines, Planes, and Angles8.2 Polygons8.3 Perimeter and Area8.4 Volume and Surface Area8.5 Transformational Geometry, Symmetry, and Tessellations8.6 Topology8.7 Non-Euclidean Geometry and Fractal GeometryChapter 9: Mathematical Systems 9.1 Groups9.2 Finite Mathematical Systems9.3 Modular Arithmetic9.4 MatricesChapter 10: Consumer Mathematics 10.1 Percent10.2 Personal Loans and Simple Interest10.3 Compound Interest10.4 Installment Buying10.5 Buying a House with a Mortgage10.6 Ordinary Annuities, Sinking Funds, and Retirement InvestmentsChapter 11: Probability 11.1 Empirical and Theoretical Probabilities11.2 Odds11.3 Expected Value (Expectation)11.4 Tree Diagrams11.5 OR and AND Problems11.6 Conditional Probability11.7 The Fundamental Counting Principle and Permutations11.8 Combinations11.9 Solving Probability Problems by Using Combinations11.10 Binomial Probability FormulaChapter 12: Statistics 12.1 Sampling Techniques and Misuses of Statistics12.2 Frequency Distributions and Statistical Graphs12.3 Measures of Central Tendency and Position12.4 Measures of Dispersion12.5 The Normal Curve12.6 Linear Correlation and RegressionChapter 13: Graph Theory 13.1 Graphs, Paths, and Circuits13.2 Euler Paths and Euler Circuits13.3 Hamilton Paths and Hamilton Circuits13.4 TreesChapter 14: Voting and Apportionment 14.1 Voting Methods14.2 Flaws of the Voting Methods14.3 Apportionment Methods14.4 Flaws of the Apportionment Methods