Prof Lambros Lazuras is a Chartered Psychologist (CPsychol, British Psychological Society) with expertise in social cognition and decision-making. His research is supported by prestigious funding bodies and spans mental health, substance misuse, and health-related behaviours. Lambros is a Professor and Director of Research at the School of Psychology, Sport Science, & Wellbeing at the University of Lincoln, UK. Dr Antonia Ypsilanti is Associate Professor in Cognitive Psychology and Psychobiology at Sheffield Hallam University. She is a leading researcher in the field of loneliness with a focus on understanding how cognitive biases influence social connections and decision-making in clinical and non-clinical populations. Dr Ypsilanti is the co-Director of the Campaign to End Loneliness and a co-Leader of the Global Ageing Thematic Group of Cochrane Reviews. Prof Gabriel Radvansky is Director of Graduate Studies at The University of Notre Dame, specialising in cognition, the brain and behaviours. Prof Mark Ashcraft was an American academic and the chair of the Department of Psychology at the University of Nevada Las Vegas.

• 1 Understanding Cognitive Psychology1.1 Thinking about thinking1.2 Memory and Cognition Defined1.3 An Introductory History of Cognitive Psychology1.4 Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing1.5 Measuring Information Processes1.6 The Standard Theory and Cognitive Science1.7 Themes of Human Cognition2 Neural Basis of Cognition2.1 The Brain and Cognition Together2.2 Basic Neural Functions2.3 Important Brain Structures and Function2.4 Cognitive Neuropsychology2.5 Connectionism3 Sensation and Perception3.1 Psychophysics3.2 Visual Sensation and Perception3.3 Pattern Recognition3.4 Top-Down Processing3.5 Object Recognition and Agnosia3.6 Auditory Sensation and Perception4 Attention4.1 Multiple Meanings of Attention4.2 Basic Input Attentional Processes4.3 Controlled, Voluntary Attention4.4 Attention as a Mental Resource5 Short-Term and Working Memory5.1 A Limited-Capacity Bottleneck5.2 Short-Term Memory Retrieval5.3 Working Memory5.4 Assessing Working Memory5.5 Working Memory and Cognition6 Learning and Remembering6.1 Preliminary Issues6.2 Storing Information in Episodic Memory6.3 Boosting Episodic Memory6.4 Context6.5 Facts and Situation Models6.6 Autobiographical Memories6.7 Memory for the Future6.8 Semantic Memory7 Memory and Forgetting7.1 The Seven Sins of Memory7.2 Forgetting Through Decay and Interference7.3 False Memories, Eyewitness Memory, and 'Forgotten Memories'7.4 Amnesia and Implicit Memory8 Language8.1 Linguistic Universals and Functions8.2 Phonology8.3 Syntax8.4 Lexical Factors8.5 Semantics8.6 Brain and Language9 Language Comprehension9.1 Conceptual and Rule Knowledge9.2 Reading9.3 Reference, Situation Models, and Events9.4 Conversation and Gesture10 Reasoning and Decision-making10.1 Formal Logic and Reasoning10.2 Decisions10.3 Classic Heuristics, Biases, and Fallacies10.4 Framing and Risky Decisions10.5 Adaptive Thinking and 'Fast and Frugal' Heuristics10.6 Other Explanations10.7 Limitations in Reasoning11 Problem-solving11.1 Studying Problem-solving11.2 Basics of Problem-solving11.3 Gestalt Psychology and Problem-solving11.4 Insight and Analogy11.5 Means–End Analysis11.6 Improving Your Problem-solving12 Social cognition12.1 The Neural Basis of Social Cognition12.2 Understanding the self12.3 Understanding Others: Mentalising and Empathising12.4 Responding to Adverse Social Signals13 Cognition and Emotion13.1 What Is Emotion?13.2 Emotion and Perception13.3 Emotion and Memory13.4 Emotion and Language13.5 Emotion and Decision Making14 Research Methods in Human Cognition14.1 Purpose of Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology14.2. Reaction-Time Based Tasks14.3 Visual search tasks14.4. Neurophysiological Methods14.5 Neuroimaging and Brain Stimulation Methods14.6 Research Integrity and Ethics

Prof Lambros Lazuras is a Chartered Psychologist (CPsychol, British Psychological Society) with expertise in social cognition and decision-making. His research is supported by prestigious funding bodies and spans mental health, substance misuse, and health-related behaviours. Lambros is a Professor and Director of Research at the School of Psychology, Sport Science, & Wellbeing at the University of Lincoln, UK. Dr Antonia Ypsilanti is Associate Professor in Cognitive Psychology and Psychobiology at Sheffield Hallam University. She is a leading researcher in the field of loneliness with a focus on understanding how cognitive biases influence social connections and decision-making in clinical and non-clinical populations. Dr Ypsilanti is the co-Director of the Campaign to End Loneliness and a co-Leader of the Global Ageing Thematic Group of Cochrane Reviews. Prof Gabriel Radvansky is Director of Graduate Studies at The University of Notre Dame, specialising in cognition, the brain and behaviours. Prof Mark Ashcraft was an American academic and the chair of the Department of Psychology at the University of Nevada Las Vegas.

• 1 Understanding Cognitive Psychology1.1 Thinking about thinking1.2 Memory and Cognition Defined1.3 An Introductory History of Cognitive Psychology1.4 Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing1.5 Measuring Information Processes1.6 The Standard Theory and Cognitive Science1.7 Themes of Human Cognition2 Neural Basis of Cognition2.1 The Brain and Cognition Together2.2 Basic Neural Functions2.3 Important Brain Structures and Function2.4 Cognitive Neuropsychology2.5 Connectionism3 Sensation and Perception3.1 Psychophysics3.2 Visual Sensation and Perception3.3 Pattern Recognition3.4 Top-Down Processing3.5 Object Recognition and Agnosia3.6 Auditory Sensation and Perception4 Attention4.1 Multiple Meanings of Attention4.2 Basic Input Attentional Processes4.3 Controlled, Voluntary Attention4.4 Attention as a Mental Resource5 Short-Term and Working Memory5.1 A Limited-Capacity Bottleneck5.2 Short-Term Memory Retrieval5.3 Working Memory5.4 Assessing Working Memory5.5 Working Memory and Cognition6 Learning and Remembering6.1 Preliminary Issues6.2 Storing Information in Episodic Memory6.3 Boosting Episodic Memory6.4 Context6.5 Facts and Situation Models6.6 Autobiographical Memories6.7 Memory for the Future6.8 Semantic Memory7 Memory and Forgetting7.1 The Seven Sins of Memory7.2 Forgetting Through Decay and Interference7.3 False Memories, Eyewitness Memory, and 'Forgotten Memories'7.4 Amnesia and Implicit Memory8 Language8.1 Linguistic Universals and Functions8.2 Phonology8.3 Syntax8.4 Lexical Factors8.5 Semantics8.6 Brain and Language9 Language Comprehension9.1 Conceptual and Rule Knowledge9.2 Reading9.3 Reference, Situation Models, and Events9.4 Conversation and Gesture10 Reasoning and Decision-making10.1 Formal Logic and Reasoning10.2 Decisions10.3 Classic Heuristics, Biases, and Fallacies10.4 Framing and Risky Decisions10.5 Adaptive Thinking and 'Fast and Frugal' Heuristics10.6 Other Explanations10.7 Limitations in Reasoning11 Problem-solving11.1 Studying Problem-solving11.2 Basics of Problem-solving11.3 Gestalt Psychology and Problem-solving11.4 Insight and Analogy11.5 Means–End Analysis11.6 Improving Your Problem-solving12 Social cognition12.1 The Neural Basis of Social Cognition12.2 Understanding the self12.3 Understanding Others: Mentalising and Empathising12.4 Responding to Adverse Social Signals13 Cognition and Emotion13.1 What Is Emotion?13.2 Emotion and Perception13.3 Emotion and Memory13.4 Emotion and Language13.5 Emotion and Decision Making14 Research Methods in Human Cognition14.1 Purpose of Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology14.2. Reaction-Time Based Tasks14.3 Visual search tasks14.4. Neurophysiological Methods14.5 Neuroimaging and Brain Stimulation Methods14.6 Research Integrity and Ethics

Prof Lambros Lazuras is a Chartered Psychologist (CPsychol, British Psychological Society) with expertise in social cognition and decision-making. His research is supported by prestigious funding bodies and spans mental health, substance misuse, and health-related behaviours. Lambros is a Professor and Director of Research at the School of Psychology, Sport Science, & Wellbeing at the University of Lincoln, UK. Dr Antonia Ypsilanti is Associate Professor in Cognitive Psychology and Psychobiology at Sheffield Hallam University. She is a leading researcher in the field of loneliness with a focus on understanding how cognitive biases influence social connections and decision-making in clinical and non-clinical populations. Dr Ypsilanti is the co-Director of the Campaign to End Loneliness and a co-Leader of the Global Ageing Thematic Group of Cochrane Reviews. Prof Gabriel Radvansky is Director of Graduate Studies at The University of Notre Dame, specialising in cognition, the brain and behaviours. Prof Mark Ashcraft was an American academic and the chair of the Department of Psychology at the University of Nevada Las Vegas.

• 1 Understanding Cognitive Psychology1.1 Thinking about thinking1.2 Memory and Cognition Defined1.3 An Introductory History of Cognitive Psychology1.4 Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing1.5 Measuring Information Processes1.6 The Standard Theory and Cognitive Science1.7 Themes of Human Cognition2 Neural Basis of Cognition2.1 The Brain and Cognition Together2.2 Basic Neural Functions2.3 Important Brain Structures and Function2.4 Cognitive Neuropsychology2.5 Connectionism3 Sensation and Perception3.1 Psychophysics3.2 Visual Sensation and Perception3.3 Pattern Recognition3.4 Top-Down Processing3.5 Object Recognition and Agnosia3.6 Auditory Sensation and Perception4 Attention4.1 Multiple Meanings of Attention4.2 Basic Input Attentional Processes4.3 Controlled, Voluntary Attention4.4 Attention as a Mental Resource5 Short-Term and Working Memory5.1 A Limited-Capacity Bottleneck5.2 Short-Term Memory Retrieval5.3 Working Memory5.4 Assessing Working Memory5.5 Working Memory and Cognition6 Learning and Remembering6.1 Preliminary Issues6.2 Storing Information in Episodic Memory6.3 Boosting Episodic Memory6.4 Context6.5 Facts and Situation Models6.6 Autobiographical Memories6.7 Memory for the Future6.8 Semantic Memory7 Memory and Forgetting7.1 The Seven Sins of Memory7.2 Forgetting Through Decay and Interference7.3 False Memories, Eyewitness Memory, and 'Forgotten Memories'7.4 Amnesia and Implicit Memory8 Language8.1 Linguistic Universals and Functions8.2 Phonology8.3 Syntax8.4 Lexical Factors8.5 Semantics8.6 Brain and Language9 Language Comprehension9.1 Conceptual and Rule Knowledge9.2 Reading9.3 Reference, Situation Models, and Events9.4 Conversation and Gesture10 Reasoning and Decision-making10.1 Formal Logic and Reasoning10.2 Decisions10.3 Classic Heuristics, Biases, and Fallacies10.4 Framing and Risky Decisions10.5 Adaptive Thinking and 'Fast and Frugal' Heuristics10.6 Other Explanations10.7 Limitations in Reasoning11 Problem-solving11.1 Studying Problem-solving11.2 Basics of Problem-solving11.3 Gestalt Psychology and Problem-solving11.4 Insight and Analogy11.5 Means–End Analysis11.6 Improving Your Problem-solving12 Social cognition12.1 The Neural Basis of Social Cognition12.2 Understanding the self12.3 Understanding Others: Mentalising and Empathising12.4 Responding to Adverse Social Signals13 Cognition and Emotion13.1 What Is Emotion?13.2 Emotion and Perception13.3 Emotion and Memory13.4 Emotion and Language13.5 Emotion and Decision Making14 Research Methods in Human Cognition14.1 Purpose of Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology14.2. Reaction-Time Based Tasks14.3 Visual search tasks14.4. Neurophysiological Methods14.5 Neuroimaging and Brain Stimulation Methods14.6 Research Integrity and Ethics