Global Environmental Constitutionalism

James R. May is a Professor of Law, co-director of the Environmental Law Center, and Adjunct Professor of Graduate Engineering at Widener University School of Law, Delaware. He is the editor and a contributing author of Principles of Constitutional Environmental Law and has written or co-written more than seventy articles and book chapters relating to environmental and constitutional law. He is a former federal litigator, NGO director and engineer. Erin Daly is vice dean and Professor of Law at Widener University School of Law, Delaware. She has written extensively on comparative constitutional law and transitional justice issues throughout the world. She has recently published Dignity Rights: Courts, Constitutions, and the Worth of the Human Person (2012). She is co-author, with Jeremy Sarkin, of Reconciliation in Divided Societies: Finding Common Ground (2010).

'In their new book, May and Daly rigorously and comprehensively analyze one of the most remarkable developments in constitutional and environmental law in the past fifty years: the explosion of constitutional environmental rights. They clarify every aspect of this sea change in the law and provide an indispensable resource for anyone interested in constitutional law or environmental law.' John H. Knox, UN Independent Expert on human rights and the environment, and Henry C. Lauerman Professor of International Law, Wake Forest University

• Acknowledgements; Introduction; Part I. Evolution and Existence of Environmental Constitutionalism; Section 1. The Nature of Environmental Constitutionalism: 1. The limitations of international law; 2. Domesticating environmental rights; 3. The value of constitutionalism; 4. The legitimacy of environmental constitutionalism; 5. The value of environmental constitutionalism; Section 2. Textualizing Environmental Constitutionalism: 6. Likelihood of constitutional instantiation of environmental rights; 7. Substantive individual environmental rights to a quality environment; 8. Other substantive environmental rights; 9. Environmental duties and responsibilities; 10. State environmental duties and policies; 11. Procedural constitutional environmental rights; 12. Presumptions about enforcing constitutional environmental rights; Part II. Vindication and Practices in Environmental Constitutionalism; Section 3. Adjudicating Environmental Constitutionalism: 13. Challenges in adjudicating environmental rights; 14. Justiciability in environmental constitutionalism; Section 4. Enforcing Environmental Constitutionalism: 15. Standing: who can enforce constitutional environmental rights; 16. Who is responsible? Identifying the appropriate defendant; 17. Timing: when is the right time to file a claim?; 18. Other unique procedural rules challenges; 19. Defenses and limitations; Section 5. Identifying Remedies and Practices in Environmental Constitutionalism: 20. State obligations under the international law framework; 21. The range of remedies; 22. Challenges to enforcement; Part III. Emergence and Future of Environmental Constitutionalism; Section 6. Water and Environmental Constitutionalism: 23. The uniqueness of water; 24. Manifesting constitutional recognition of rights to water; 25. Adjudicating constitutional rights to water; 26. Remedies, implementation, and enforcement; Section 7. Subnational Environmental Constitutionalism: 27. The nature of subnational environmental constitutionalism; 28. Textual subnational environmental constitutionalism; 29. Judicial receptivity to subnational constitutional environmental rights; 30. Establishing standing and identifying parties; 31. Determining remedies; 32. Standards of review; Section 8. Procedural Environmental Constitutionalism: 33. The nature of constitutional procedural environmental rights; 34. Textual procedural environmental rights; 35. Judicial receptivity to procedural environmental rights; 36. Enforcement and remedies; Section 9. Emerging Environmental Constitutionalism: 37. Right of nature; 38. Environmental sustainability; 39. Public trust; 40. Climate change; Section 10. Conclusion; Appendices: A. Substantive environmental rights; B. Individual environmental duties and responsibilities; C. State environmental duties; D. Environmental policy directives; E. Sustainable development, future generations, and public trust; F. Miscellaneous constitutional environmental provisions; G. Rights to water; H. Representative subnational environmental constitutionalism in Brazil and the United States; I. Procedural environmental rights: provisions regarding information, participation, and access to justice in environmental matters; Bibliography; Index.