Albert N. Link is Professor of Economics at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA. His research is related to the economics of innovation, technology policy, and program evaluation.Alan C. O’Connor is an economist and Director of Innovation Economics at RTI International. He specializes in economic analysis of research and development (R&D) programs, program evaluation, and economic development.Troy J. Scott is an economist at RTI International, where his research deals with the economics of technology and innovation. His work focuses on the nexus of public support for research and development (R&D), regulation, and R&D rivalry among firms to evaluate and inform public policy.

"Fifty years ago Edwin Mansfield used economics and econometrics with in-depth case studies to transform our understanding of innovation. Since 1972, Federal agencies have invested over a billion dollars in the battery technologies important to electric vehicles. Link, O'Connor, and Scott use the "Mansfield" strategy to take readers "under the hood" and ask if these programs were in the public interest? Their book is a great read!" -V. Kerry Smith, Arizona State University, USA "The authors address an important issue which is high on the policy agenda in many industrialized countries. Even using conservative estimates about social benefits of public support for new technologies, they find substantial ones. In the vein of discussing public/private partnerships in science and technology, this study is a must-read for policy makers and research funders in the field." -Wolfgang Polt, Institute for Economic and Innovation Research, Austria "This tome presents a thorough empirical economic evaluation of the social benefits attributable to federal R&D investment in vehicle battery technology in the United States. Link, O'Connor, and Scott have produced one of the best such appraisals available. A must read." -Nicholas S. Vonortas,George Washington University, USA

• 1. Introduction 2. Public/Private Research Partnerships 3. The Adoption of Battery Technology in EDVs 4. Measurement of Economic and Energy Benefits 5. Measurement of Environmental Health and Energy Security Benefits 6. Comparison of Benefits and Costs of VTO’s R&D Investments 7. Conclusions

Albert N. Link is Professor of Economics at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA. His research is related to the economics of innovation, technology policy, and program evaluation.Alan C. O’Connor is an economist and Director of Innovation Economics at RTI International. He specializes in economic analysis of research and development (R&D) programs, program evaluation, and economic development.Troy J. Scott is an economist at RTI International, where his research deals with the economics of technology and innovation. His work focuses on the nexus of public support for research and development (R&D), regulation, and R&D rivalry among firms to evaluate and inform public policy.

"Fifty years ago Edwin Mansfield used economics and econometrics with in-depth case studies to transform our understanding of innovation. Since 1972, Federal agencies have invested over a billion dollars in the battery technologies important to electric vehicles. Link, O'Connor, and Scott use the "Mansfield" strategy to take readers "under the hood" and ask if these programs were in the public interest? Their book is a great read!" -V. Kerry Smith, Arizona State University, USA "The authors address an important issue which is high on the policy agenda in many industrialized countries. Even using conservative estimates about social benefits of public support for new technologies, they find substantial ones. In the vein of discussing public/private partnerships in science and technology, this study is a must-read for policy makers and research funders in the field." -Wolfgang Polt, Institute for Economic and Innovation Research, Austria "This tome presents a thorough empirical economic evaluation of the social benefits attributable to federal R&D investment in vehicle battery technology in the United States. Link, O'Connor, and Scott have produced one of the best such appraisals available. A must read." -Nicholas S. Vonortas,George Washington University, USA

• 1. Introduction 2. Public/Private Research Partnerships 3. The Adoption of Battery Technology in EDVs 4. Measurement of Economic and Energy Benefits 5. Measurement of Environmental Health and Energy Security Benefits 6. Comparison of Benefits and Costs of VTO’s R&D Investments 7. Conclusions

Albert N. Link is Professor of Economics at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA. His research is related to the economics of innovation, technology policy, and program evaluation.Alan C. O’Connor is an economist and Director of Innovation Economics at RTI International. He specializes in economic analysis of research and development (R&D) programs, program evaluation, and economic development.Troy J. Scott is an economist at RTI International, where his research deals with the economics of technology and innovation. His work focuses on the nexus of public support for research and development (R&D), regulation, and R&D rivalry among firms to evaluate and inform public policy.

"Fifty years ago Edwin Mansfield used economics and econometrics with in-depth case studies to transform our understanding of innovation. Since 1972, Federal agencies have invested over a billion dollars in the battery technologies important to electric vehicles. Link, O'Connor, and Scott use the "Mansfield" strategy to take readers "under the hood" and ask if these programs were in the public interest? Their book is a great read!" -V. Kerry Smith, Arizona State University, USA "The authors address an important issue which is high on the policy agenda in many industrialized countries. Even using conservative estimates about social benefits of public support for new technologies, they find substantial ones. In the vein of discussing public/private partnerships in science and technology, this study is a must-read for policy makers and research funders in the field." -Wolfgang Polt, Institute for Economic and Innovation Research, Austria "This tome presents a thorough empirical economic evaluation of the social benefits attributable to federal R&D investment in vehicle battery technology in the United States. Link, O'Connor, and Scott have produced one of the best such appraisals available. A must read." -Nicholas S. Vonortas,George Washington University, USA

• 1. Introduction 2. Public/Private Research Partnerships 3. The Adoption of Battery Technology in EDVs 4. Measurement of Economic and Energy Benefits 5. Measurement of Environmental Health and Energy Security Benefits 6. Comparison of Benefits and Costs of VTO’s R&D Investments 7. Conclusions