C. M. Posner is Visiting Professor at IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK. He was founding Director of the Instituto de Investigación Educativa y Desarrollo de Nayarit and Professor at the The Metropolitan Autonomous University, México, OECD consultant and Advisor to Ministry of Education, México. He is co-author, with David Scott, Christopher Martin and Elsa Guzmán, of Interventions in Education Systems (Bloomsbury, 2014).Christopher Martin is Visiting Fellow at IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK. He is also a consultant on education reform programmes for the Ministry of Education, Mexico, and Associate Fellow of the Virtual University of Guadalajara, Mexico. He is co-author, with David Scott, Charles Posner and Elsa Guzmán, of Interventions in Education Systems (Bloomsbury, 2014)Ana Patricia Elvir is a co-founder and Senior Researcher at the Center for Educational Research and Social Action (CIASES), Nicaragua. She holds a Doctorate in Education from Harvard University, USA, and has over 20 years of experience in the field of education and international relations. Her research interests lie in teacher development and early childhood education.

• Series Editor’s PrefaceNotes on the ContributorsIntroduction: Regional Overview, C. M. Posner (Institute of Education, University College London, UK), Christopher Martin (Institute of Education, University College London, UK) and Yvonne Martin (Independent Education Consultant)Part I: México1. Overview, Elsa Guzmán (Independent Educational Consultant), Christopher Martin (Institute of Education, University College London, UK) and C. M. Posner (Institute of Education, University College London, UK)2. Educational Reform, Carlos Ornelas (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico)3. Policy and the Political System, Bonifacio Barba (University of Aguascalientes, Mexico)4. Failure of Curricular and Institutional Reform, Rodolfo Ramirez Raymundo (Institute Belisario Dominguez, Mexico)5. Improving Educational Quality, David Turner (University of South Wales, UK) and María Guadalupe González de Turner (World Education Fellowship, UK) Part II: Central America and Panamá6. Costa Rica: Selection and Control, Ronulfo Jiménez (Academia de Centroamérica, Costa Rica)7. Honduras: The Failure of Reform, Javier Luque (Pontifical Catholic University, Peru)8. Nicaragua: Education and the Challenge of Sustainable Human Development, Cefas Asensio Flórez (Eduquemos, Nicaragua)9. Panamá: Towards an Effective Education, Rolando de la Guardia Wald (Florida State University - Panama, USA/Panama and Quality Leadership University, Panama)10. El Salvador: Resistance and Change, Louis Carlos Morales Zúñiga (University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica)11. Guatemala, Bienvenido Argueta (Ministry of Education, Guatemala)Part III: The Latin Caribbean12. Cuba: Educational Impact of the Cuban Revolution, Rosemary Smith (University of Nottingham, UK)13. Dominican Republic: Strengthening Public Education, Molly Hamm (Dominican Republic Education and Mentoring Project, Dominican Republic) and Rebeca Martínez (Dominican Republic Education and Mentoring Project, Dominican Republic)14. Haiti: Escaping from the Failed State, Pierre M. Lubin (Columbia University, USA)Index

C. M. Posner is Visiting Professor at IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK. He was founding Director of the Instituto de Investigación Educativa y Desarrollo de Nayarit and Professor at the The Metropolitan Autonomous University, México, OECD consultant and Advisor to Ministry of Education, México. He is co-author, with David Scott, Christopher Martin and Elsa Guzmán, of Interventions in Education Systems (Bloomsbury, 2014).Christopher Martin is Visiting Fellow at IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK. He is also a consultant on education reform programmes for the Ministry of Education, Mexico, and Associate Fellow of the Virtual University of Guadalajara, Mexico. He is co-author, with David Scott, Charles Posner and Elsa Guzmán, of Interventions in Education Systems (Bloomsbury, 2014)Ana Patricia Elvir is a co-founder and Senior Researcher at the Center for Educational Research and Social Action (CIASES), Nicaragua. She holds a Doctorate in Education from Harvard University, USA, and has over 20 years of experience in the field of education and international relations. Her research interests lie in teacher development and early childhood education.

• Series Editor’s PrefaceNotes on the ContributorsIntroduction: Regional Overview, C. M. Posner (Institute of Education, University College London, UK), Christopher Martin (Institute of Education, University College London, UK) and Yvonne Martin (Independent Education Consultant)Part I: México1. Overview, Elsa Guzmán (Independent Educational Consultant), Christopher Martin (Institute of Education, University College London, UK) and C. M. Posner (Institute of Education, University College London, UK)2. Educational Reform, Carlos Ornelas (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico)3. Policy and the Political System, Bonifacio Barba (University of Aguascalientes, Mexico)4. Failure of Curricular and Institutional Reform, Rodolfo Ramirez Raymundo (Institute Belisario Dominguez, Mexico)5. Improving Educational Quality, David Turner (University of South Wales, UK) and María Guadalupe González de Turner (World Education Fellowship, UK) Part II: Central America and Panamá6. Costa Rica: Selection and Control, Ronulfo Jiménez (Academia de Centroamérica, Costa Rica)7. Honduras: The Failure of Reform, Javier Luque (Pontifical Catholic University, Peru)8. Nicaragua: Education and the Challenge of Sustainable Human Development, Cefas Asensio Flórez (Eduquemos, Nicaragua)9. Panamá: Towards an Effective Education, Rolando de la Guardia Wald (Florida State University - Panama, USA/Panama and Quality Leadership University, Panama)10. El Salvador: Resistance and Change, Louis Carlos Morales Zúñiga (University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica)11. Guatemala, Bienvenido Argueta (Ministry of Education, Guatemala)Part III: The Latin Caribbean12. Cuba: Educational Impact of the Cuban Revolution, Rosemary Smith (University of Nottingham, UK)13. Dominican Republic: Strengthening Public Education, Molly Hamm (Dominican Republic Education and Mentoring Project, Dominican Republic) and Rebeca Martínez (Dominican Republic Education and Mentoring Project, Dominican Republic)14. Haiti: Escaping from the Failed State, Pierre M. Lubin (Columbia University, USA)Index

C. M. Posner is Visiting Professor at IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK. He was founding Director of the Instituto de Investigación Educativa y Desarrollo de Nayarit and Professor at the The Metropolitan Autonomous University, México, OECD consultant and Advisor to Ministry of Education, México. He is co-author, with David Scott, Christopher Martin and Elsa Guzmán, of Interventions in Education Systems (Bloomsbury, 2014).Christopher Martin is Visiting Fellow at IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, UK. He is also a consultant on education reform programmes for the Ministry of Education, Mexico, and Associate Fellow of the Virtual University of Guadalajara, Mexico. He is co-author, with David Scott, Charles Posner and Elsa Guzmán, of Interventions in Education Systems (Bloomsbury, 2014)Ana Patricia Elvir is a co-founder and Senior Researcher at the Center for Educational Research and Social Action (CIASES), Nicaragua. She holds a Doctorate in Education from Harvard University, USA, and has over 20 years of experience in the field of education and international relations. Her research interests lie in teacher development and early childhood education.

• Series Editor’s PrefaceNotes on the ContributorsIntroduction: Regional Overview, C. M. Posner (Institute of Education, University College London, UK), Christopher Martin (Institute of Education, University College London, UK) and Yvonne Martin (Independent Education Consultant)Part I: México1. Overview, Elsa Guzmán (Independent Educational Consultant), Christopher Martin (Institute of Education, University College London, UK) and C. M. Posner (Institute of Education, University College London, UK)2. Educational Reform, Carlos Ornelas (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico)3. Policy and the Political System, Bonifacio Barba (University of Aguascalientes, Mexico)4. Failure of Curricular and Institutional Reform, Rodolfo Ramirez Raymundo (Institute Belisario Dominguez, Mexico)5. Improving Educational Quality, David Turner (University of South Wales, UK) and María Guadalupe González de Turner (World Education Fellowship, UK) Part II: Central America and Panamá6. Costa Rica: Selection and Control, Ronulfo Jiménez (Academia de Centroamérica, Costa Rica)7. Honduras: The Failure of Reform, Javier Luque (Pontifical Catholic University, Peru)8. Nicaragua: Education and the Challenge of Sustainable Human Development, Cefas Asensio Flórez (Eduquemos, Nicaragua)9. Panamá: Towards an Effective Education, Rolando de la Guardia Wald (Florida State University - Panama, USA/Panama and Quality Leadership University, Panama)10. El Salvador: Resistance and Change, Louis Carlos Morales Zúñiga (University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica)11. Guatemala, Bienvenido Argueta (Ministry of Education, Guatemala)Part III: The Latin Caribbean12. Cuba: Educational Impact of the Cuban Revolution, Rosemary Smith (University of Nottingham, UK)13. Dominican Republic: Strengthening Public Education, Molly Hamm (Dominican Republic Education and Mentoring Project, Dominican Republic) and Rebeca Martínez (Dominican Republic Education and Mentoring Project, Dominican Republic)14. Haiti: Escaping from the Failed State, Pierre M. Lubin (Columbia University, USA)Index