This open-access book casts light on an understudied corpus of Indian Francophone literatures by writers originally from former French territories of India and from other regions of India, who also engage in processes of translation: Ari Gautier (Pondicherry), M. Mukundan (Mahé), Manohar Rai Sardessai (Goa), Toru Dutt (Calcutta) and Shumona Sinha (Calcutta).By examining the range of ways in which these writers write between languages, Sheela Mahadevan advances theories of translation and literary multilingualism. The book demonstrates how the self-reflective process of translating Indian Francophone writing into English can be employed as a theoretical tool that unlocks fresh ways of conceptualizing literary multilingualism and translation. Applying this methodology, the author explores the ways in which the linguistic framework and region of the readership of a text can determine the visibility and effects of literary multilingualism, and demonstrates how a text may consequently be interpreted as simultaneously monolingual and multilingual. The book thereby also intervenes in debates about translation as research in Translation Studies.Through the lens of Indian Francophone writing, the book explores the various factors which trigger the fluidity of boundaries between translation and creative writing that is commonplace in the Indian context.The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by UKRI.