Aline Courtois is Reader in the Department of Education at the University of Bath, UK, and co-editor of the journal International Studies in Sociology of Education. She holds a PhD in Sociology from University College Dublin and Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. She is the author of Elite schooling and social inequality: privilege and power in Ireland's top private schools (2018).Simon Marginson is Professor of Higher Education at the University of Oxford (emeritus) and Professor of Higher Education at the University of Bristol, UK. He is also joint Editor-in-Chief of Higher Education. He is an Honorary Professor at Tsinghua University in China, a Professorial Associate of the University of Melbourne, Australia, a Fellow of the British Academy, the Academies of Social Sciences in the UK and Australia, and a Member of Academia Europaea.Catherine Montgomery is Professor of Education and Deputy Executive Dean Global at Durham University, UK. Catherine is Editor for Compare: Journal of International and Comparative Education. She is Affiliated Faculty in the Centre for Higher Education Internationalisation at Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, and Affiliated International Expert for the China Research Network at Monash University, Australia.Ravinder Sidhu is Associate Professor of Education in the School of Education at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research interests are in higher education, critical studies of internationalisation and postcolonial studies.

This book takes an unflinching look at global student mobility, where some enjoy privilege and opportunity while others are forced to move or struggle simply to survive. It confronts hard truths about power, access, and higher education today.

• Series Editor's ForewordIntroduction and Overview of the Book, Simon Marginson (University of Oxford, UK), Catherine Montgomery (Durham University, UK), Aline Courtois (University of Bath, UK) and Ravinder Sidhu (University of Queensland, Australia)1. Trends in International(Ization Of) Higher Education in a Time of Geopolitical Turmoil, Philip G. Altbach (Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, USA) and Hans de Wit (Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, USA)2. International Doctoral Knowledge and the Future of Cross-Border Academic Mobility: Perspectives from Digital Scholarship, Catherine Montgomery (Durham University, UK)3. The (Im)Mobilities of Internationally Mobile Scientists in Global Science Regimes, Ravinder Sidhu (University of Queensland, Australia)4. Mobility or Precarity? Constructions and Uses of International Mobility Among Long-Term Precarious Academics in Ireland, Aline Courtois (University of Bath, UK)6. International Student Engagement and Support, Ly Tran (Deakin University, Australia) and Diep Nguyen (Deakin University, Australia)7. Graduate Employability in ASEAN: the Contribution of Student Mobility, Miguel Antonio Lim (University of Manchester, UK), Icy Fresno Anabo (University of Deusto, Spain), Anh Ngoc Quynh Phan (University of Auckland, New Zealand), Drew Elepaño (Coventry University, UK) and Gunjana Kuntamarat (University of Deusto, Spain)8. Internationalising the ‘Plural Society’: Alternative Transnational Higher Education in Malaysia, Mayumi Ishikawa (Osaka University, Japan)9. Pull Factors in Choosing a Higher Education Study Abroad Destination After the Massive Global Immobility: a Re-Examination From Chinese Perspectives, Ka Ho Mok (Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR) and Yu Baohua (Lucy) (Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR)10. Being and Becoming Academics: Cases of Overseas Returnees’ Career Pathways in China, Mei LI (East China Normal University, China) and Wen Xu (East China Normal University, China)11. What Changes Occurred in Transnational Degree Programs in Chinese Universities From 2003 To 2023?, Futao Huang (Hiroshima University, Japan)12. The Contributions of Study Abroad To Home Countries: An Agential Perspective, Yusuf Oldac (Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR)13. Problems of the Definition of ‘Internationalisation of Higher Education’, Simon Marginson (University of Oxford, UK)Index

Aline Courtois is Reader in the Department of Education at the University of Bath, UK, and co-editor of the journal International Studies in Sociology of Education. She holds a PhD in Sociology from University College Dublin and Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. She is the author of Elite schooling and social inequality: privilege and power in Ireland's top private schools (2018).Simon Marginson is Professor of Higher Education at the University of Oxford (emeritus) and Professor of Higher Education at the University of Bristol, UK. He is also joint Editor-in-Chief of Higher Education. He is an Honorary Professor at Tsinghua University in China, a Professorial Associate of the University of Melbourne, Australia, a Fellow of the British Academy, the Academies of Social Sciences in the UK and Australia, and a Member of Academia Europaea.Catherine Montgomery is Professor of Education and Deputy Executive Dean Global at Durham University, UK. Catherine is Editor for Compare: Journal of International and Comparative Education. She is Affiliated Faculty in the Centre for Higher Education Internationalisation at Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, and Affiliated International Expert for the China Research Network at Monash University, Australia.Ravinder Sidhu is Associate Professor of Education in the School of Education at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research interests are in higher education, critical studies of internationalisation and postcolonial studies.

This book takes an unflinching look at global student mobility, where some enjoy privilege and opportunity while others are forced to move or struggle simply to survive. It confronts hard truths about power, access, and higher education today.

• Series Editor's ForewordIntroduction and Overview of the Book, Simon Marginson (University of Oxford, UK), Catherine Montgomery (Durham University, UK), Aline Courtois (University of Bath, UK) and Ravinder Sidhu (University of Queensland, Australia)1. Trends in International(Ization Of) Higher Education in a Time of Geopolitical Turmoil, Philip G. Altbach (Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, USA) and Hans de Wit (Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, USA)2. International Doctoral Knowledge and the Future of Cross-Border Academic Mobility: Perspectives from Digital Scholarship, Catherine Montgomery (Durham University, UK)3. The (Im)Mobilities of Internationally Mobile Scientists in Global Science Regimes, Ravinder Sidhu (University of Queensland, Australia)4. Mobility or Precarity? Constructions and Uses of International Mobility Among Long-Term Precarious Academics in Ireland, Aline Courtois (University of Bath, UK)6. International Student Engagement and Support, Ly Tran (Deakin University, Australia) and Diep Nguyen (Deakin University, Australia)7. Graduate Employability in ASEAN: the Contribution of Student Mobility, Miguel Antonio Lim (University of Manchester, UK), Icy Fresno Anabo (University of Deusto, Spain), Anh Ngoc Quynh Phan (University of Auckland, New Zealand), Drew Elepaño (Coventry University, UK) and Gunjana Kuntamarat (University of Deusto, Spain)8. Internationalising the ‘Plural Society’: Alternative Transnational Higher Education in Malaysia, Mayumi Ishikawa (Osaka University, Japan)9. Pull Factors in Choosing a Higher Education Study Abroad Destination After the Massive Global Immobility: a Re-Examination From Chinese Perspectives, Ka Ho Mok (Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR) and Yu Baohua (Lucy) (Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR)10. Being and Becoming Academics: Cases of Overseas Returnees’ Career Pathways in China, Mei LI (East China Normal University, China) and Wen Xu (East China Normal University, China)11. What Changes Occurred in Transnational Degree Programs in Chinese Universities From 2003 To 2023?, Futao Huang (Hiroshima University, Japan)12. The Contributions of Study Abroad To Home Countries: An Agential Perspective, Yusuf Oldac (Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR)13. Problems of the Definition of ‘Internationalisation of Higher Education’, Simon Marginson (University of Oxford, UK)Index

Aline Courtois is Reader in the Department of Education at the University of Bath, UK, and co-editor of the journal International Studies in Sociology of Education. She holds a PhD in Sociology from University College Dublin and Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. She is the author of Elite schooling and social inequality: privilege and power in Ireland's top private schools (2018).Simon Marginson is Professor of Higher Education at the University of Oxford (emeritus) and Professor of Higher Education at the University of Bristol, UK. He is also joint Editor-in-Chief of Higher Education. He is an Honorary Professor at Tsinghua University in China, a Professorial Associate of the University of Melbourne, Australia, a Fellow of the British Academy, the Academies of Social Sciences in the UK and Australia, and a Member of Academia Europaea.Catherine Montgomery is Professor of Education and Deputy Executive Dean Global at Durham University, UK. Catherine is Editor for Compare: Journal of International and Comparative Education. She is Affiliated Faculty in the Centre for Higher Education Internationalisation at Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, and Affiliated International Expert for the China Research Network at Monash University, Australia.Ravinder Sidhu is Associate Professor of Education in the School of Education at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research interests are in higher education, critical studies of internationalisation and postcolonial studies.

This book takes an unflinching look at global student mobility, where some enjoy privilege and opportunity while others are forced to move or struggle simply to survive. It confronts hard truths about power, access, and higher education today.

• Series Editor's ForewordIntroduction and Overview of the Book, Simon Marginson (University of Oxford, UK), Catherine Montgomery (Durham University, UK), Aline Courtois (University of Bath, UK) and Ravinder Sidhu (University of Queensland, Australia)1. Trends in International(Ization Of) Higher Education in a Time of Geopolitical Turmoil, Philip G. Altbach (Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, USA) and Hans de Wit (Center for International Higher Education at Boston College, USA)2. International Doctoral Knowledge and the Future of Cross-Border Academic Mobility: Perspectives from Digital Scholarship, Catherine Montgomery (Durham University, UK)3. The (Im)Mobilities of Internationally Mobile Scientists in Global Science Regimes, Ravinder Sidhu (University of Queensland, Australia)4. Mobility or Precarity? Constructions and Uses of International Mobility Among Long-Term Precarious Academics in Ireland, Aline Courtois (University of Bath, UK)6. International Student Engagement and Support, Ly Tran (Deakin University, Australia) and Diep Nguyen (Deakin University, Australia)7. Graduate Employability in ASEAN: the Contribution of Student Mobility, Miguel Antonio Lim (University of Manchester, UK), Icy Fresno Anabo (University of Deusto, Spain), Anh Ngoc Quynh Phan (University of Auckland, New Zealand), Drew Elepaño (Coventry University, UK) and Gunjana Kuntamarat (University of Deusto, Spain)8. Internationalising the ‘Plural Society’: Alternative Transnational Higher Education in Malaysia, Mayumi Ishikawa (Osaka University, Japan)9. Pull Factors in Choosing a Higher Education Study Abroad Destination After the Massive Global Immobility: a Re-Examination From Chinese Perspectives, Ka Ho Mok (Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR) and Yu Baohua (Lucy) (Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR)10. Being and Becoming Academics: Cases of Overseas Returnees’ Career Pathways in China, Mei LI (East China Normal University, China) and Wen Xu (East China Normal University, China)11. What Changes Occurred in Transnational Degree Programs in Chinese Universities From 2003 To 2023?, Futao Huang (Hiroshima University, Japan)12. The Contributions of Study Abroad To Home Countries: An Agential Perspective, Yusuf Oldac (Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR)13. Problems of the Definition of ‘Internationalisation of Higher Education’, Simon Marginson (University of Oxford, UK)Index