Ian Budge is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Essex, UK. He is Founder and Director of the Manifesto Research Group, which has measured party and government policy targets in 50 post-war democracies and related them to public expenditures. Paul Whiteley is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Essex, UK. His research interests include electoral behaviour, public opinion, political parties, political economy, and methodology in the social sciences. He is author or co-author of eighteen academic books, as well as of more than 100 academic articles.

• PrefacePart I. The Political Configuration of Economies1. Economic Science: Still the Prisoner of the State? 2. Collective Choice and Collective Action: Policy Making – Enforcement and ResponsivenessPart II. Responding to Needs3. Private Markets and Collective Choice: Coping with Risk and Uncertainty4. Coping with Anticipated Risk: Market and Government Responses to Climate ChangePart III. Meeting Preferences through Markets5. Free-market Demand and Supply Revisited: Axiomatic Theories Confront Economic Realities 6. An Economic Theory of Democracy: Axiomatic Theories Confront Political RealitiesPart IV. Responding to Preferences Through Democratic Processes7. General Elections, Parties, and Voters8. Policy Supply and Demand: Macro-level Responsiveness9. Policy Supply and Demand: Micro-level Responsiveness through Thermostatic AdjustmentsPart V. Back to Political Economy 10. Predictive versus Axiomatic Explanation

Ian Budge is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Essex, UK. He is Founder and Director of the Manifesto Research Group, which has measured party and government policy targets in 50 post-war democracies and related them to public expenditures. Paul Whiteley is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Essex, UK. His research interests include electoral behaviour, public opinion, political parties, political economy, and methodology in the social sciences. He is author or co-author of eighteen academic books, as well as of more than 100 academic articles.

• PrefacePart I. The Political Configuration of Economies1. Economic Science: Still the Prisoner of the State? 2. Collective Choice and Collective Action: Policy Making – Enforcement and ResponsivenessPart II. Responding to Needs3. Private Markets and Collective Choice: Coping with Risk and Uncertainty4. Coping with Anticipated Risk: Market and Government Responses to Climate ChangePart III. Meeting Preferences through Markets5. Free-market Demand and Supply Revisited: Axiomatic Theories Confront Economic Realities 6. An Economic Theory of Democracy: Axiomatic Theories Confront Political RealitiesPart IV. Responding to Preferences Through Democratic Processes7. General Elections, Parties, and Voters8. Policy Supply and Demand: Macro-level Responsiveness9. Policy Supply and Demand: Micro-level Responsiveness through Thermostatic AdjustmentsPart V. Back to Political Economy 10. Predictive versus Axiomatic Explanation

Ian Budge is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Essex, UK. He is Founder and Director of the Manifesto Research Group, which has measured party and government policy targets in 50 post-war democracies and related them to public expenditures. Paul Whiteley is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Essex, UK. His research interests include electoral behaviour, public opinion, political parties, political economy, and methodology in the social sciences. He is author or co-author of eighteen academic books, as well as of more than 100 academic articles.

• PrefacePart I. The Political Configuration of Economies1. Economic Science: Still the Prisoner of the State? 2. Collective Choice and Collective Action: Policy Making – Enforcement and ResponsivenessPart II. Responding to Needs3. Private Markets and Collective Choice: Coping with Risk and Uncertainty4. Coping with Anticipated Risk: Market and Government Responses to Climate ChangePart III. Meeting Preferences through Markets5. Free-market Demand and Supply Revisited: Axiomatic Theories Confront Economic Realities 6. An Economic Theory of Democracy: Axiomatic Theories Confront Political RealitiesPart IV. Responding to Preferences Through Democratic Processes7. General Elections, Parties, and Voters8. Policy Supply and Demand: Macro-level Responsiveness9. Policy Supply and Demand: Micro-level Responsiveness through Thermostatic AdjustmentsPart V. Back to Political Economy 10. Predictive versus Axiomatic Explanation