Yogesh Suryawanshi, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Yoga and Naturopathy Department, Vishwakarma University, Pune, India, with over three years of teaching and research experience in seed oil research. He has published over ten research articles in international journals, and his interests include plant biotechnology, plant tissue culture, hydroponic techniques, secondary metabolites, essential and seed oil, FAME identifications, oil variability, TBO’s variability, medicinal and aromatic plants. Mohd Shahnawaz, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Botany, University of Ladakh, Kargil Campus, India, with several years of teaching and postdoctoral research experience. He has published over 20 research articles, nine book chapters, and 11 books of international repute. Additionally, he serves as a reviewer and editor for several international journals and has been awarded a number of research fellowships. His research interests include integrative medicine, ecology, microbiology, plant biotechnology, and bioremediation. Jyoti Parihar, PhD, is an associate professor and the head of the Department of Pedagogy in Biosciences, Government Post Graduate College of Education, Jammu, India, with over 24 years of undergraduate teaching experience. She has presented her work at various national and international conferences in addition to publishing three book chapters, two edited books, and more than ten research papers in journals of repute. Her research interests include medicinal plant biotechnology, plant secondary metabolites, oilseed crops, and different domains of pedagogy in biosciences. Refaz Ahmad Dar, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Government Degree College Beerwah, Budgam, India, with over ten years of teaching experience. He has presented his work in various parts of the country and published dozens of papers, book chapters, and three books of international repute. Additionally, he is a reviewer for several peer-reviewed journals. His research interests focus on microbial biotechnological strategies to enhance the contents of plant secondary metabolites of medicinal plants and oilseed crops. Shallu Samyal, PhD, is an associate professor and head of the Department of Botany, Government College For Women, Jammu, India, with over 22 years of experience. She has presented at various national and international conferences and has published several book chapters and over ten research papers in journals of repute. Additionally, she is a reviewer for various peer-reviewed journals. Her expertise is in mycology, mycotoxicology, and plant pathology of fruits and dried commodities. Avinash B. Ade, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India, with over 25 years of teaching experience in plant ecology, cytogenetics, genetics, plant pathology, and bioremediation. He serves as a referee for a number of national and international journals and has published over 65 research articles in peer-reviewed international journals, numerous book chapters, and over ten books. His research interests include ecology and cytogenetics with a specialization in plant-microbe interaction and bioremediation.

• Preface xxvAcknowledgments xxviiAbout the Book xxix1 Sustainable Era of Oilseed Plants: A General Introduction 1Prachi Sharad Kakade, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Reshma Bhagwanrao Patil1.1 Introduction 21.2 Strategies for Enhancement in Oil Production from Oilseed Plants on Sustainable Basis 31.3 Development of Tolerant Varieties to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses 51.4 Soil Amendments 61.5 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 71.6 Intercropping 81.7 Breeding of Oilseed Plants to Mitigate Climate Change 81.8 Role of Genomics and Genetic Manipulation in Oilseed Plants 91.9 Carbon Footprint and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions 101.10 Oil in Contrast to Protein in Oilseed Crops 111.11 Genetic Architecture of Seed Quality and Ideotypes 111.12 Prioritizing Breeding Objectives of Oilseed Crops 111.13 Phenological Plasticity and Plant Architecture 121.14 Pre-Breeding for Oilseed Crops and Germplasm Enhancement 131.15 Novel Vision Towards Sustainable Epoch of Oilseed Plants—the “Omics” 141.16 Transcriptomic Approach 161.17 Metabolomics Approach 171.18 Conclusion 17References 182 Edible Oilseed Plants: An Overview 25Quseen Mushtaq Reshi, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Imtiaz Ahmed, Nusrat Jan, Muzamil Sidiq and Refaz AhmadDar2.1 Introduction 262.2 Types of Edible Oils 282.3 Benefits Offered by Oilseeds 372.4 Adulteration 392.5 Conclusion 40References 403 Non-Edible Oilseeds: An Overview 51Nusrat Jan, Subhash Chander Kashyap, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Quseen Mushtaq and Refaz Ahmad Dar3.1 Introduction 523.2 Major Non-Edible Tree-Borne Oilseeds (TBOs) 533.3 Biodiesel 593.4 Transesterification 603.5 Conclusion 62References 624 Challenges in Collection, Storage, Extraction, and Detection of Oil in Oilseed Crops 67Aziz Ahmed, Surbhi Jangir, Mohd Shuaib, Mayank Bansal, Rakesh Kumar Gupta and Mrunal K. Shirsat4.1 Introduction 684.2 Challenges in Collection and Storage of Oil from Oilseed Crops 684.3 Challenges in Extraction and Detection of Oil from Oilseed Crops 764.4 Limitations and Problems in Various Methods of Detection of Seed Oil 824.5 Conclusion 82References 835 Bacterial Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management 91Tariq Ahmad L., Quseen Mushtaq R. and Nusrat Jan5.1 Introduction 925.2 Bacterial Pustule Disease 925.3 Bacterial Blight 945.4 Bacterial Top/Stalk Rot 965.5 Bacterial Wilt of Peanut 995.6 Bacterial Rot 1015.7 Peanut Witches’ Broom 1025.8 Phyllody and Aster Yellows 1045.9 Other Bacterial Diseases 1065.10 Conclusion 107References 1086 Fungal Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management 113Tariq Ahmad Lone6.1 Introduction 1146.2 Seed Rot and Seedling Disease Complex 1146.3 Early and Late Leaf Spots 1166.4 Rust Disease of Peanuts 1196.5 Yellow Mold and Aflaroot 1216.6 Sclerotium Stem Rot 1226.7 Aspergillus Crown Rot or Collar Rot 1246.8 Charcoal Rot 1256.9 Sclerotinia Blight 1276.10 Cylindrocladium Black Rot 1296.11 Peg and Pod Rots 1316.12 Invasion of Peanut Pods and Kernels 1326.13 Conclusion 134References 1357 Impact of Climate Change on The Yield of Oilseed Crops 141Dwaipayan Sinha, Rameesha Abid, Aayesha Riaz, Sushmita Thokchom, Venkatesh Iddumu, Guntamukkala Sekhar, Bushra Khan, Zulqarnain Haider, Saman Gulrez, Maliha Rashid, Wajya Ajmal,Shakira Ghazanfar, Sanchita Seal, Asha Kadam and Ratul Bhattacharya7.1 Introduction 1427.2 Current Status of Oilseed Production 1457.3 Effect of Climate Change/Stress on Production of Oilseeds 1477.4 Impact of Drought on Oilseed Production 1487.5 Impact of High Temperature on Oilseed Production 1487.6 Impact of Low Temperature on Oilseed Production 1497.7 Measures to Overcome Drought and Temperature Stress in Oilseed Crops 1507.8 Effect of Salinity Stress on the Production of Oilseeds 1507.9 Effect of Heavy Metals on the Production of Oilseeds 1537.10 Effect of Flooding on the Production or Yield of Oilseeds 1567.11 Role of Biotechnology to Mitigate Climate Change and Environmental Stress 1587.12 Employment of Energy-Efficient Farming 1597.13 Mycobiotechnology 1607.14 Plant Transformation Through Genome Editing Techniques 1617.15 CRISPR/Cas9 System for Crop Improvement 1617.16 Prospects and Conclusion 163References 1658 Methods to Detect Adulteration in Edible Oils 177Bhavna Mahajan, Rukhsana A. Rub, Priyanka Gawarkar-Patil, Shital Godse, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Prajakta Kapadnis and Sojwal Patil8.1 Introduction 1788.2 Methods to Detect Adulteration of Edible Oil 1838.3 How to Stop Adulteration 2008.4 Conclusion 201References 2019 Impact of Adulterants on Quality of Edible Oils 211Anirudh Gururaj Patil, Soumitra Banerjee and Snehal T. Yadav9.1 Food Adulteration 2129.2 Adulteration in Different Food Products 2139.3 Economic Impact of Adulteration 2169.4 Effect of Adulteration on Edible Oil Quality and Target Molecules 2179.5 Adulteration Detection Techniques 2219.6 Machine Learning in Identifying Edible Oil Adulteration 2329.7 Technical Challenges and Future Prospects 2339.8 Conclusion 234Acknowledgement 235References 23610 Secondary Metabolites Production and Yield of Oilseed Plants 243Meraj Ahmed, Princy Thakur, Vivek Kamble, Ab Waheed Wani, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha B. Zimare10.1 Introduction 24410.2 Terpenoids 24510.3 Alkaloids 24810.4 Phenolics 25010.5 Oilseed Crops 25110.6 Cultivation of Oilseed Crops 25210.7 Secondary Metabolites 25210.8 Current Production of Oilseed Crops 25310.9 Uses of Important Oilseed Crops 25410.10 Oilseed Crop Utilization 25610.11 Conclusion 258References 25911 Genetics and Plant Breeding to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops 265Swati Tyagi, Shalma Maman, Ajesh B. R., Shashidhar B. R. and Aditya Tyagi11.1 Introduction 26611.2 Breeding Objectives to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops 26711.3 Genetics of Important Traits in Major Oilseed Crops 27011.4 Conventional and Non-Conventional Breeding Approaches for Boosting Yield in Major Oilseed Crops 27311.5 Discussion and Conclusion 288References 28912 Mutation Breeding to Enhance Quality and Quantity of Oilseed Crops 299Archana O., Shree Kumari G.R., Ajith Kumar K. and Lokesh Ravi12.1 Introduction 30012.2 Landmark Achievements 30112.3 Techniques to Advance the Enhancement of Oilseed Crops 30212.4 Overview of Oilseed Production Status 30412.5 Impact of Mutation on Fatty Acid Composition, Nutrition, Quality, and Quantity of Oilseeds 30412.6 Future Prospects 30512.7 Conclusion 306References 30613 Hydroponics Farming: A Holistic Perspective for Crop Production 309Tarun Sharma, Ananthakrishnan S., Sandeep Gawdiya, Anjali Rawat, Akashdeep Singh, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Garima Chauhan and Ranbir Singh Rana13.1 Introduction 31013.2 Traditional vs. Vertical Farming 31113.3 Hydroponics Farming 31313.4 Hydroponics and Seed Crops 31613.5 Future Opportunities in Hydroponics 32013.6 Conclusion 327References 32814 RNA Interference to Enhance the Yield of the Oilseed Crops 333Aditya Tyagi, V. Shanmugam, Riti Thapar Kapoor, Swati Tyagi, Bhaswati Banerjee and Ashutosh Rai14.1 Introduction 33414.2 Implementation of RNAi Technique in Crop Improvement 34014.3 Challenges Preventing RNAi 34414.7 Conclusion 348References 34915 Enhancing Oilseed Crop Productivity and Quality with CRISPR/Cas Gene-Editing Technologies 357Harsha R. Shabhanani, Swati M. Jog, Pratiksha Pundir, Pinal Vekariya and Amarchand Chordia Murugan15.1 Introduction 35815.2 CRISPR/Cas9 Platform 36015.3 Metabolic Pathways for Oil-Biosynthesis in Oilseed Crops 37115.4 Oilseed drops 37415.5 Exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 Potential for Crop Improvement 38315.6 Challenges and Future Prospects 393References 39516 Future Opportunities in the Edible Oil Crop Industry 417Poonam Joshi, Gulafshan Parveen, Sapna Rawat, Shivani Rawat, Babita Negi and Purabi Saha16.1 Introduction 41816.2 Physical Characteristics 41916.3 Chemical Characteristics 42016.4 Sources 42116.5 Emphasize the Perspective Challenges of Edible Oils 42716.6 The Present Scenario in India of Edible Oils Industry 43116.7 Conclusion 432References 43217 Use of Non-Edible Oilseeds Crops for the Production of Biofuels 439Princy Thakur, Meraj Ahmed, Ab Waheed Wani, Adil Rahim, Vikansha Thakur, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha Bhimrao Zimare17.1 Introduction 44017.2 Properties of the Non-Edible Oil 44417.3 Preparation of Seeds 44817.4 Sun Drying and Decortication 44817.5 Extraction 44917.6 Conclusion 452References 45218 Applications of Machine Learning in Oilseed Crops and Industries 455Vishal Meshram, Vidula Meshram, Reshma Pise, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Kailas Patil18.1 Introduction 45618.2 Oilseed Market and Farming 45718.3 Machine Learning 45918.4 Application of ML in Oilseed Industries 46418.5 Future Directions and Challenges 46518.6 Conclusion 465References 46519 Genetic Engineering to Enhance the Oilseed Crops Yield 469Bipratip Dutta, Sougata Bhattacharjee, Koushik Biswas, Bablee Kumari Singh, Rakesh Bhowmick, Chandrika Das, Prity Kumari Singh and Krishnayan Paul19.1 Introduction 47019.2 Oilseed Crops Description with Example and Importance 47119.3 Present Scenario of Oilseed Crops with Special Focus on Yield and Quality 47219.4 Conventional Approaches Used to Date and the Need for Biotechnological Tools 47519.5 Use of Biotechnological Tools 47619.6 Significant Achievements in Oilseed Crops Research Regarding Oil Quantity and Quality 48019.6 Conclusion 487References 487About the Editors 495Index 497

Yogesh Suryawanshi, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Yoga and Naturopathy Department, Vishwakarma University, Pune, India, with over three years of teaching and research experience in seed oil research. He has published over ten research articles in international journals, and his interests include plant biotechnology, plant tissue culture, hydroponic techniques, secondary metabolites, essential and seed oil, FAME identifications, oil variability, TBO’s variability, medicinal and aromatic plants. Mohd Shahnawaz, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Botany, University of Ladakh, Kargil Campus, India, with several years of teaching and postdoctoral research experience. He has published over 20 research articles, nine book chapters, and 11 books of international repute. Additionally, he serves as a reviewer and editor for several international journals and has been awarded a number of research fellowships. His research interests include integrative medicine, ecology, microbiology, plant biotechnology, and bioremediation. Jyoti Parihar, PhD, is an associate professor and the head of the Department of Pedagogy in Biosciences, Government Post Graduate College of Education, Jammu, India, with over 24 years of undergraduate teaching experience. She has presented her work at various national and international conferences in addition to publishing three book chapters, two edited books, and more than ten research papers in journals of repute. Her research interests include medicinal plant biotechnology, plant secondary metabolites, oilseed crops, and different domains of pedagogy in biosciences. Refaz Ahmad Dar, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Government Degree College Beerwah, Budgam, India, with over ten years of teaching experience. He has presented his work in various parts of the country and published dozens of papers, book chapters, and three books of international repute. Additionally, he is a reviewer for several peer-reviewed journals. His research interests focus on microbial biotechnological strategies to enhance the contents of plant secondary metabolites of medicinal plants and oilseed crops. Shallu Samyal, PhD, is an associate professor and head of the Department of Botany, Government College For Women, Jammu, India, with over 22 years of experience. She has presented at various national and international conferences and has published several book chapters and over ten research papers in journals of repute. Additionally, she is a reviewer for various peer-reviewed journals. Her expertise is in mycology, mycotoxicology, and plant pathology of fruits and dried commodities. Avinash B. Ade, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India, with over 25 years of teaching experience in plant ecology, cytogenetics, genetics, plant pathology, and bioremediation. He serves as a referee for a number of national and international journals and has published over 65 research articles in peer-reviewed international journals, numerous book chapters, and over ten books. His research interests include ecology and cytogenetics with a specialization in plant-microbe interaction and bioremediation.

• Preface xxvAcknowledgments xxviiAbout the Book xxix1 Sustainable Era of Oilseed Plants: A General Introduction 1Prachi Sharad Kakade, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Reshma Bhagwanrao Patil1.1 Introduction 21.2 Strategies for Enhancement in Oil Production from Oilseed Plants on Sustainable Basis 31.3 Development of Tolerant Varieties to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses 51.4 Soil Amendments 61.5 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 71.6 Intercropping 81.7 Breeding of Oilseed Plants to Mitigate Climate Change 81.8 Role of Genomics and Genetic Manipulation in Oilseed Plants 91.9 Carbon Footprint and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions 101.10 Oil in Contrast to Protein in Oilseed Crops 111.11 Genetic Architecture of Seed Quality and Ideotypes 111.12 Prioritizing Breeding Objectives of Oilseed Crops 111.13 Phenological Plasticity and Plant Architecture 121.14 Pre-Breeding for Oilseed Crops and Germplasm Enhancement 131.15 Novel Vision Towards Sustainable Epoch of Oilseed Plants—the “Omics” 141.16 Transcriptomic Approach 161.17 Metabolomics Approach 171.18 Conclusion 17References 182 Edible Oilseed Plants: An Overview 25Quseen Mushtaq Reshi, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Imtiaz Ahmed, Nusrat Jan, Muzamil Sidiq and Refaz AhmadDar2.1 Introduction 262.2 Types of Edible Oils 282.3 Benefits Offered by Oilseeds 372.4 Adulteration 392.5 Conclusion 40References 403 Non-Edible Oilseeds: An Overview 51Nusrat Jan, Subhash Chander Kashyap, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Quseen Mushtaq and Refaz Ahmad Dar3.1 Introduction 523.2 Major Non-Edible Tree-Borne Oilseeds (TBOs) 533.3 Biodiesel 593.4 Transesterification 603.5 Conclusion 62References 624 Challenges in Collection, Storage, Extraction, and Detection of Oil in Oilseed Crops 67Aziz Ahmed, Surbhi Jangir, Mohd Shuaib, Mayank Bansal, Rakesh Kumar Gupta and Mrunal K. Shirsat4.1 Introduction 684.2 Challenges in Collection and Storage of Oil from Oilseed Crops 684.3 Challenges in Extraction and Detection of Oil from Oilseed Crops 764.4 Limitations and Problems in Various Methods of Detection of Seed Oil 824.5 Conclusion 82References 835 Bacterial Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management 91Tariq Ahmad L., Quseen Mushtaq R. and Nusrat Jan5.1 Introduction 925.2 Bacterial Pustule Disease 925.3 Bacterial Blight 945.4 Bacterial Top/Stalk Rot 965.5 Bacterial Wilt of Peanut 995.6 Bacterial Rot 1015.7 Peanut Witches’ Broom 1025.8 Phyllody and Aster Yellows 1045.9 Other Bacterial Diseases 1065.10 Conclusion 107References 1086 Fungal Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management 113Tariq Ahmad Lone6.1 Introduction 1146.2 Seed Rot and Seedling Disease Complex 1146.3 Early and Late Leaf Spots 1166.4 Rust Disease of Peanuts 1196.5 Yellow Mold and Aflaroot 1216.6 Sclerotium Stem Rot 1226.7 Aspergillus Crown Rot or Collar Rot 1246.8 Charcoal Rot 1256.9 Sclerotinia Blight 1276.10 Cylindrocladium Black Rot 1296.11 Peg and Pod Rots 1316.12 Invasion of Peanut Pods and Kernels 1326.13 Conclusion 134References 1357 Impact of Climate Change on The Yield of Oilseed Crops 141Dwaipayan Sinha, Rameesha Abid, Aayesha Riaz, Sushmita Thokchom, Venkatesh Iddumu, Guntamukkala Sekhar, Bushra Khan, Zulqarnain Haider, Saman Gulrez, Maliha Rashid, Wajya Ajmal,Shakira Ghazanfar, Sanchita Seal, Asha Kadam and Ratul Bhattacharya7.1 Introduction 1427.2 Current Status of Oilseed Production 1457.3 Effect of Climate Change/Stress on Production of Oilseeds 1477.4 Impact of Drought on Oilseed Production 1487.5 Impact of High Temperature on Oilseed Production 1487.6 Impact of Low Temperature on Oilseed Production 1497.7 Measures to Overcome Drought and Temperature Stress in Oilseed Crops 1507.8 Effect of Salinity Stress on the Production of Oilseeds 1507.9 Effect of Heavy Metals on the Production of Oilseeds 1537.10 Effect of Flooding on the Production or Yield of Oilseeds 1567.11 Role of Biotechnology to Mitigate Climate Change and Environmental Stress 1587.12 Employment of Energy-Efficient Farming 1597.13 Mycobiotechnology 1607.14 Plant Transformation Through Genome Editing Techniques 1617.15 CRISPR/Cas9 System for Crop Improvement 1617.16 Prospects and Conclusion 163References 1658 Methods to Detect Adulteration in Edible Oils 177Bhavna Mahajan, Rukhsana A. Rub, Priyanka Gawarkar-Patil, Shital Godse, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Prajakta Kapadnis and Sojwal Patil8.1 Introduction 1788.2 Methods to Detect Adulteration of Edible Oil 1838.3 How to Stop Adulteration 2008.4 Conclusion 201References 2019 Impact of Adulterants on Quality of Edible Oils 211Anirudh Gururaj Patil, Soumitra Banerjee and Snehal T. Yadav9.1 Food Adulteration 2129.2 Adulteration in Different Food Products 2139.3 Economic Impact of Adulteration 2169.4 Effect of Adulteration on Edible Oil Quality and Target Molecules 2179.5 Adulteration Detection Techniques 2219.6 Machine Learning in Identifying Edible Oil Adulteration 2329.7 Technical Challenges and Future Prospects 2339.8 Conclusion 234Acknowledgement 235References 23610 Secondary Metabolites Production and Yield of Oilseed Plants 243Meraj Ahmed, Princy Thakur, Vivek Kamble, Ab Waheed Wani, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha B. Zimare10.1 Introduction 24410.2 Terpenoids 24510.3 Alkaloids 24810.4 Phenolics 25010.5 Oilseed Crops 25110.6 Cultivation of Oilseed Crops 25210.7 Secondary Metabolites 25210.8 Current Production of Oilseed Crops 25310.9 Uses of Important Oilseed Crops 25410.10 Oilseed Crop Utilization 25610.11 Conclusion 258References 25911 Genetics and Plant Breeding to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops 265Swati Tyagi, Shalma Maman, Ajesh B. R., Shashidhar B. R. and Aditya Tyagi11.1 Introduction 26611.2 Breeding Objectives to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops 26711.3 Genetics of Important Traits in Major Oilseed Crops 27011.4 Conventional and Non-Conventional Breeding Approaches for Boosting Yield in Major Oilseed Crops 27311.5 Discussion and Conclusion 288References 28912 Mutation Breeding to Enhance Quality and Quantity of Oilseed Crops 299Archana O., Shree Kumari G.R., Ajith Kumar K. and Lokesh Ravi12.1 Introduction 30012.2 Landmark Achievements 30112.3 Techniques to Advance the Enhancement of Oilseed Crops 30212.4 Overview of Oilseed Production Status 30412.5 Impact of Mutation on Fatty Acid Composition, Nutrition, Quality, and Quantity of Oilseeds 30412.6 Future Prospects 30512.7 Conclusion 306References 30613 Hydroponics Farming: A Holistic Perspective for Crop Production 309Tarun Sharma, Ananthakrishnan S., Sandeep Gawdiya, Anjali Rawat, Akashdeep Singh, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Garima Chauhan and Ranbir Singh Rana13.1 Introduction 31013.2 Traditional vs. Vertical Farming 31113.3 Hydroponics Farming 31313.4 Hydroponics and Seed Crops 31613.5 Future Opportunities in Hydroponics 32013.6 Conclusion 327References 32814 RNA Interference to Enhance the Yield of the Oilseed Crops 333Aditya Tyagi, V. Shanmugam, Riti Thapar Kapoor, Swati Tyagi, Bhaswati Banerjee and Ashutosh Rai14.1 Introduction 33414.2 Implementation of RNAi Technique in Crop Improvement 34014.3 Challenges Preventing RNAi 34414.7 Conclusion 348References 34915 Enhancing Oilseed Crop Productivity and Quality with CRISPR/Cas Gene-Editing Technologies 357Harsha R. Shabhanani, Swati M. Jog, Pratiksha Pundir, Pinal Vekariya and Amarchand Chordia Murugan15.1 Introduction 35815.2 CRISPR/Cas9 Platform 36015.3 Metabolic Pathways for Oil-Biosynthesis in Oilseed Crops 37115.4 Oilseed drops 37415.5 Exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 Potential for Crop Improvement 38315.6 Challenges and Future Prospects 393References 39516 Future Opportunities in the Edible Oil Crop Industry 417Poonam Joshi, Gulafshan Parveen, Sapna Rawat, Shivani Rawat, Babita Negi and Purabi Saha16.1 Introduction 41816.2 Physical Characteristics 41916.3 Chemical Characteristics 42016.4 Sources 42116.5 Emphasize the Perspective Challenges of Edible Oils 42716.6 The Present Scenario in India of Edible Oils Industry 43116.7 Conclusion 432References 43217 Use of Non-Edible Oilseeds Crops for the Production of Biofuels 439Princy Thakur, Meraj Ahmed, Ab Waheed Wani, Adil Rahim, Vikansha Thakur, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha Bhimrao Zimare17.1 Introduction 44017.2 Properties of the Non-Edible Oil 44417.3 Preparation of Seeds 44817.4 Sun Drying and Decortication 44817.5 Extraction 44917.6 Conclusion 452References 45218 Applications of Machine Learning in Oilseed Crops and Industries 455Vishal Meshram, Vidula Meshram, Reshma Pise, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Kailas Patil18.1 Introduction 45618.2 Oilseed Market and Farming 45718.3 Machine Learning 45918.4 Application of ML in Oilseed Industries 46418.5 Future Directions and Challenges 46518.6 Conclusion 465References 46519 Genetic Engineering to Enhance the Oilseed Crops Yield 469Bipratip Dutta, Sougata Bhattacharjee, Koushik Biswas, Bablee Kumari Singh, Rakesh Bhowmick, Chandrika Das, Prity Kumari Singh and Krishnayan Paul19.1 Introduction 47019.2 Oilseed Crops Description with Example and Importance 47119.3 Present Scenario of Oilseed Crops with Special Focus on Yield and Quality 47219.4 Conventional Approaches Used to Date and the Need for Biotechnological Tools 47519.5 Use of Biotechnological Tools 47619.6 Significant Achievements in Oilseed Crops Research Regarding Oil Quantity and Quality 48019.6 Conclusion 487References 487About the Editors 495Index 497

Yogesh Suryawanshi, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Yoga and Naturopathy Department, Vishwakarma University, Pune, India, with over three years of teaching and research experience in seed oil research. He has published over ten research articles in international journals, and his interests include plant biotechnology, plant tissue culture, hydroponic techniques, secondary metabolites, essential and seed oil, FAME identifications, oil variability, TBO’s variability, medicinal and aromatic plants. Mohd Shahnawaz, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Botany, University of Ladakh, Kargil Campus, India, with several years of teaching and postdoctoral research experience. He has published over 20 research articles, nine book chapters, and 11 books of international repute. Additionally, he serves as a reviewer and editor for several international journals and has been awarded a number of research fellowships. His research interests include integrative medicine, ecology, microbiology, plant biotechnology, and bioremediation. Jyoti Parihar, PhD, is an associate professor and the head of the Department of Pedagogy in Biosciences, Government Post Graduate College of Education, Jammu, India, with over 24 years of undergraduate teaching experience. She has presented her work at various national and international conferences in addition to publishing three book chapters, two edited books, and more than ten research papers in journals of repute. Her research interests include medicinal plant biotechnology, plant secondary metabolites, oilseed crops, and different domains of pedagogy in biosciences. Refaz Ahmad Dar, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Government Degree College Beerwah, Budgam, India, with over ten years of teaching experience. He has presented his work in various parts of the country and published dozens of papers, book chapters, and three books of international repute. Additionally, he is a reviewer for several peer-reviewed journals. His research interests focus on microbial biotechnological strategies to enhance the contents of plant secondary metabolites of medicinal plants and oilseed crops. Shallu Samyal, PhD, is an associate professor and head of the Department of Botany, Government College For Women, Jammu, India, with over 22 years of experience. She has presented at various national and international conferences and has published several book chapters and over ten research papers in journals of repute. Additionally, she is a reviewer for various peer-reviewed journals. Her expertise is in mycology, mycotoxicology, and plant pathology of fruits and dried commodities. Avinash B. Ade, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India, with over 25 years of teaching experience in plant ecology, cytogenetics, genetics, plant pathology, and bioremediation. He serves as a referee for a number of national and international journals and has published over 65 research articles in peer-reviewed international journals, numerous book chapters, and over ten books. His research interests include ecology and cytogenetics with a specialization in plant-microbe interaction and bioremediation.

• Preface xxvAcknowledgments xxviiAbout the Book xxix1 Sustainable Era of Oilseed Plants: A General Introduction 1Prachi Sharad Kakade, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Reshma Bhagwanrao Patil1.1 Introduction 21.2 Strategies for Enhancement in Oil Production from Oilseed Plants on Sustainable Basis 31.3 Development of Tolerant Varieties to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses 51.4 Soil Amendments 61.5 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 71.6 Intercropping 81.7 Breeding of Oilseed Plants to Mitigate Climate Change 81.8 Role of Genomics and Genetic Manipulation in Oilseed Plants 91.9 Carbon Footprint and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions 101.10 Oil in Contrast to Protein in Oilseed Crops 111.11 Genetic Architecture of Seed Quality and Ideotypes 111.12 Prioritizing Breeding Objectives of Oilseed Crops 111.13 Phenological Plasticity and Plant Architecture 121.14 Pre-Breeding for Oilseed Crops and Germplasm Enhancement 131.15 Novel Vision Towards Sustainable Epoch of Oilseed Plants—the “Omics” 141.16 Transcriptomic Approach 161.17 Metabolomics Approach 171.18 Conclusion 17References 182 Edible Oilseed Plants: An Overview 25Quseen Mushtaq Reshi, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Imtiaz Ahmed, Nusrat Jan, Muzamil Sidiq and Refaz AhmadDar2.1 Introduction 262.2 Types of Edible Oils 282.3 Benefits Offered by Oilseeds 372.4 Adulteration 392.5 Conclusion 40References 403 Non-Edible Oilseeds: An Overview 51Nusrat Jan, Subhash Chander Kashyap, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Quseen Mushtaq and Refaz Ahmad Dar3.1 Introduction 523.2 Major Non-Edible Tree-Borne Oilseeds (TBOs) 533.3 Biodiesel 593.4 Transesterification 603.5 Conclusion 62References 624 Challenges in Collection, Storage, Extraction, and Detection of Oil in Oilseed Crops 67Aziz Ahmed, Surbhi Jangir, Mohd Shuaib, Mayank Bansal, Rakesh Kumar Gupta and Mrunal K. Shirsat4.1 Introduction 684.2 Challenges in Collection and Storage of Oil from Oilseed Crops 684.3 Challenges in Extraction and Detection of Oil from Oilseed Crops 764.4 Limitations and Problems in Various Methods of Detection of Seed Oil 824.5 Conclusion 82References 835 Bacterial Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management 91Tariq Ahmad L., Quseen Mushtaq R. and Nusrat Jan5.1 Introduction 925.2 Bacterial Pustule Disease 925.3 Bacterial Blight 945.4 Bacterial Top/Stalk Rot 965.5 Bacterial Wilt of Peanut 995.6 Bacterial Rot 1015.7 Peanut Witches’ Broom 1025.8 Phyllody and Aster Yellows 1045.9 Other Bacterial Diseases 1065.10 Conclusion 107References 1086 Fungal Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management 113Tariq Ahmad Lone6.1 Introduction 1146.2 Seed Rot and Seedling Disease Complex 1146.3 Early and Late Leaf Spots 1166.4 Rust Disease of Peanuts 1196.5 Yellow Mold and Aflaroot 1216.6 Sclerotium Stem Rot 1226.7 Aspergillus Crown Rot or Collar Rot 1246.8 Charcoal Rot 1256.9 Sclerotinia Blight 1276.10 Cylindrocladium Black Rot 1296.11 Peg and Pod Rots 1316.12 Invasion of Peanut Pods and Kernels 1326.13 Conclusion 134References 1357 Impact of Climate Change on The Yield of Oilseed Crops 141Dwaipayan Sinha, Rameesha Abid, Aayesha Riaz, Sushmita Thokchom, Venkatesh Iddumu, Guntamukkala Sekhar, Bushra Khan, Zulqarnain Haider, Saman Gulrez, Maliha Rashid, Wajya Ajmal,Shakira Ghazanfar, Sanchita Seal, Asha Kadam and Ratul Bhattacharya7.1 Introduction 1427.2 Current Status of Oilseed Production 1457.3 Effect of Climate Change/Stress on Production of Oilseeds 1477.4 Impact of Drought on Oilseed Production 1487.5 Impact of High Temperature on Oilseed Production 1487.6 Impact of Low Temperature on Oilseed Production 1497.7 Measures to Overcome Drought and Temperature Stress in Oilseed Crops 1507.8 Effect of Salinity Stress on the Production of Oilseeds 1507.9 Effect of Heavy Metals on the Production of Oilseeds 1537.10 Effect of Flooding on the Production or Yield of Oilseeds 1567.11 Role of Biotechnology to Mitigate Climate Change and Environmental Stress 1587.12 Employment of Energy-Efficient Farming 1597.13 Mycobiotechnology 1607.14 Plant Transformation Through Genome Editing Techniques 1617.15 CRISPR/Cas9 System for Crop Improvement 1617.16 Prospects and Conclusion 163References 1658 Methods to Detect Adulteration in Edible Oils 177Bhavna Mahajan, Rukhsana A. Rub, Priyanka Gawarkar-Patil, Shital Godse, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Prajakta Kapadnis and Sojwal Patil8.1 Introduction 1788.2 Methods to Detect Adulteration of Edible Oil 1838.3 How to Stop Adulteration 2008.4 Conclusion 201References 2019 Impact of Adulterants on Quality of Edible Oils 211Anirudh Gururaj Patil, Soumitra Banerjee and Snehal T. Yadav9.1 Food Adulteration 2129.2 Adulteration in Different Food Products 2139.3 Economic Impact of Adulteration 2169.4 Effect of Adulteration on Edible Oil Quality and Target Molecules 2179.5 Adulteration Detection Techniques 2219.6 Machine Learning in Identifying Edible Oil Adulteration 2329.7 Technical Challenges and Future Prospects 2339.8 Conclusion 234Acknowledgement 235References 23610 Secondary Metabolites Production and Yield of Oilseed Plants 243Meraj Ahmed, Princy Thakur, Vivek Kamble, Ab Waheed Wani, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha B. Zimare10.1 Introduction 24410.2 Terpenoids 24510.3 Alkaloids 24810.4 Phenolics 25010.5 Oilseed Crops 25110.6 Cultivation of Oilseed Crops 25210.7 Secondary Metabolites 25210.8 Current Production of Oilseed Crops 25310.9 Uses of Important Oilseed Crops 25410.10 Oilseed Crop Utilization 25610.11 Conclusion 258References 25911 Genetics and Plant Breeding to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops 265Swati Tyagi, Shalma Maman, Ajesh B. R., Shashidhar B. R. and Aditya Tyagi11.1 Introduction 26611.2 Breeding Objectives to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops 26711.3 Genetics of Important Traits in Major Oilseed Crops 27011.4 Conventional and Non-Conventional Breeding Approaches for Boosting Yield in Major Oilseed Crops 27311.5 Discussion and Conclusion 288References 28912 Mutation Breeding to Enhance Quality and Quantity of Oilseed Crops 299Archana O., Shree Kumari G.R., Ajith Kumar K. and Lokesh Ravi12.1 Introduction 30012.2 Landmark Achievements 30112.3 Techniques to Advance the Enhancement of Oilseed Crops 30212.4 Overview of Oilseed Production Status 30412.5 Impact of Mutation on Fatty Acid Composition, Nutrition, Quality, and Quantity of Oilseeds 30412.6 Future Prospects 30512.7 Conclusion 306References 30613 Hydroponics Farming: A Holistic Perspective for Crop Production 309Tarun Sharma, Ananthakrishnan S., Sandeep Gawdiya, Anjali Rawat, Akashdeep Singh, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Garima Chauhan and Ranbir Singh Rana13.1 Introduction 31013.2 Traditional vs. Vertical Farming 31113.3 Hydroponics Farming 31313.4 Hydroponics and Seed Crops 31613.5 Future Opportunities in Hydroponics 32013.6 Conclusion 327References 32814 RNA Interference to Enhance the Yield of the Oilseed Crops 333Aditya Tyagi, V. Shanmugam, Riti Thapar Kapoor, Swati Tyagi, Bhaswati Banerjee and Ashutosh Rai14.1 Introduction 33414.2 Implementation of RNAi Technique in Crop Improvement 34014.3 Challenges Preventing RNAi 34414.7 Conclusion 348References 34915 Enhancing Oilseed Crop Productivity and Quality with CRISPR/Cas Gene-Editing Technologies 357Harsha R. Shabhanani, Swati M. Jog, Pratiksha Pundir, Pinal Vekariya and Amarchand Chordia Murugan15.1 Introduction 35815.2 CRISPR/Cas9 Platform 36015.3 Metabolic Pathways for Oil-Biosynthesis in Oilseed Crops 37115.4 Oilseed drops 37415.5 Exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 Potential for Crop Improvement 38315.6 Challenges and Future Prospects 393References 39516 Future Opportunities in the Edible Oil Crop Industry 417Poonam Joshi, Gulafshan Parveen, Sapna Rawat, Shivani Rawat, Babita Negi and Purabi Saha16.1 Introduction 41816.2 Physical Characteristics 41916.3 Chemical Characteristics 42016.4 Sources 42116.5 Emphasize the Perspective Challenges of Edible Oils 42716.6 The Present Scenario in India of Edible Oils Industry 43116.7 Conclusion 432References 43217 Use of Non-Edible Oilseeds Crops for the Production of Biofuels 439Princy Thakur, Meraj Ahmed, Ab Waheed Wani, Adil Rahim, Vikansha Thakur, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha Bhimrao Zimare17.1 Introduction 44017.2 Properties of the Non-Edible Oil 44417.3 Preparation of Seeds 44817.4 Sun Drying and Decortication 44817.5 Extraction 44917.6 Conclusion 452References 45218 Applications of Machine Learning in Oilseed Crops and Industries 455Vishal Meshram, Vidula Meshram, Reshma Pise, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Kailas Patil18.1 Introduction 45618.2 Oilseed Market and Farming 45718.3 Machine Learning 45918.4 Application of ML in Oilseed Industries 46418.5 Future Directions and Challenges 46518.6 Conclusion 465References 46519 Genetic Engineering to Enhance the Oilseed Crops Yield 469Bipratip Dutta, Sougata Bhattacharjee, Koushik Biswas, Bablee Kumari Singh, Rakesh Bhowmick, Chandrika Das, Prity Kumari Singh and Krishnayan Paul19.1 Introduction 47019.2 Oilseed Crops Description with Example and Importance 47119.3 Present Scenario of Oilseed Crops with Special Focus on Yield and Quality 47219.4 Conventional Approaches Used to Date and the Need for Biotechnological Tools 47519.5 Use of Biotechnological Tools 47619.6 Significant Achievements in Oilseed Crops Research Regarding Oil Quantity and Quality 48019.6 Conclusion 487References 487About the Editors 495Index 497