S. Thirumalai Kumaran, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Chennai, India. He completed his PhD in mechanical engineering in 2015 from Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education. He has published more than 100 articles in SCI journals and received a gold medal in manufacturing engineering from the Government College of Technology in 2008. Tae Jo Ko, PhD, is a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeaungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea. He received a PhD in mechanical engineering from POSTECH, South Korea. Professor Tae Jo Koe has more than 300 publications in SCI journals, and has launched new research in rechargeable batteries and digital twins for manufacturing. He is the editor of the International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing and the Journal of Nanotechnology.

• Preface xv1 Effect of Granite Filler on Mechanical Properties and Free Damping of Silk-Sisal—Reinforced Epoxy Composites 1K. Sripriyan and S. Karthick1.1 Introduction 11.2 Material and Preparation 31.3 Result and Discussion 41.4 Conclusions 102 Effect of Plastic Particulate Addition on Polymer Composite Reinforced with Prosopis juliflora Fiber 13Sakthi Balan G., Aravind Raj S., Jafrey Daniel James D. and Ramesh M.2.1 Introduction 142.2 Materials and Methods 152.3 Results and Discussion 182.4 Conclusion 293 Effect of Various Manufacturing Techniques on Mechanical Properties of Biofiber-Reinforced Composites 33M. Sasi Kumar, S. Sathish, M. Makeshkumar, S. Gokulkumar, L. Prabhu, S. Hemalatha, S. Ponnavan and Nancy Chopra3.1 Introduction 343.2 Manufacturing Methods 353.3 Hand Layup Technique 363.4 Compression Techniques 393.5 Injection Technique 453.6 Filament Techniques 463.7 Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Technique 463.8 Spray Molding Technique 533.9 Conclusion 544 Electrical Discharge Machining of Al-B4C Composite for Biomedical Applications 65S. Suresh Kumar, S. Thirumalai Kumaran, G. Kalusuraman and G. S. Samy4.1 Introduction 664.2 Materials and Methods 684.3 Results and Discussion 714.4 Conclusion 765 Green Manufacturing of Natural Fiber Composite 79Meenal Batra and Alka Bali5.1 Introduction 805.2 Characteristics of Natural Fibers 815.3 Classes of Natural Fibers 825.4 Polymer Matrix 845.5 Applications of Natural Fiber Composites 855.6 Preprocessing of Natural Fiber Composites 875.7 Fabrication of Natural Fiber Composites 885.8 Additive Manufacturing 925.9 Additive Manufacturing of Different Composites 975.10 Critical Issues During Processing of Natural Fiber Composites 1025.11 Conclusion 1036 Manufacturing Issues and Process Parameters of Composite Filament for Additive Manufacturing Process 115Jafrey Daniel James D., Ramesh M., Sakthi Balan G. and Aravind Raj S.6.1 Introduction 1166.2 Materials and Properties 1176.3 Results and Discussion 1206.4 Conclusion 1287 Material Sustainability During Friction Stir Joining 131Raheem Al-Sabur and M. Serier7.1 Introduction 1327.2 FSW Parameters 1347.3 FSW Sustainability Review 1367.4 FSW Sustainability Aspects 1377.5 Recent Modifications in FSW Processes 1437.6 Recent Applications of FSW 1477.7 Conclusions 1478 Plant-Based Biosorbents for Heavy Metal Removal From Wastewater 155Narmadha V. and Siddhi Sreemahadevan8.1 Introduction 1568.2 Physical and Chemical Techniques for Heavy Metal Removal 1578.3 Biological Methods for Heavy Metal Removal 1588.4 Biochar 1598.5 Plant-Based Biochar 1628.6 A Comparison of Techniques for Removing Heavy Metals 1708.7 Conclusion 1719 Sustainability in Manufacturing: Welding’s Role as a Frontier 177P. Arunkumar, N. Muthukumaran, K. S. Ramaneedharan, N. S. Mithun, B. Sanjay, K. Solaiyappan, S. Gokul and B. Arulmurugan9.1 Introduction 1789.2 Sustainability Assessment in Welding 1819.3 Welding Processes Study on Sustainability Assessment 1869.4 5S Lean Strategy for Sustainability Manufacturing 1879.5 Conclusion 18810 Sustainable Development of Redundant Articulated Robot Components Using Simscape Multibody 193M. Saravana Mohan, P. S. Samuel Ratna Kumar and P. M. Mashinini10.1 Introduction 19410.2 CAD Modeling 20010.3 Assigning Aluminum A308 Alloy for RAR 20210.4 Kinematics and Dynamic Studies 20310.5 Assigning DH Parameters 20410.6 Simscape Multibody Simulation 20710.7 Torque Results Using Simscape Multibody 20710.8 Static Analysis Under Twisting Moment 21010.9 Work Envelope of RAR 21210.10 Fatigue Report of RAR 21310.11 Conclusion 21611 Implementation of Green Manufacturing Practices in Automobile Fields: A Review 221Sampath Boopathi11.1 Introduction 22211.2 Green Manufacturing Production 22811.3 Green Manufacturing in the Automobile Field 23011.4 Green Manufacturing Practices in the Automotive Field 23611.5 Case Study: Automobile Green Manufacturing Firm 24011.6 Case Study: Water Conservation Technologies 24312 Minimization of Manufacturing Industry Wastes Through the Green Lean Sigma Principle 249Sampath Boopathi12.1 Introduction 25012.2 Challenges to the Manufacturing Sector 25212.3 GT and Manufacturing Development Procedure 25212.4 Green Lean Manufacturing Terminologies 25512.5 Real-Time Problem Formulation and Research Approach 25912.6 Green Lean Six Sigma Barriers 26412.7 Conclusion 26713 Design for Sustainable Methods in Additive Manufacturing 271Akesh B. Kakarla and Ing Kong13.1 Introduction 27113.2 Ecological Impacts of Additive Manufacturing 27513.3 Life Cycle Analysis 27713.4 Implications of Sustainable Development in AM 27813.5 Conclusions 28214 Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Control Parameters Using Hybrid Taguchi and TOPSIS Method 289B. Singaravel, T. Niranjan, M. Vasu Babu and K. Nagarjuna14.1 Introduction 29014.2 Literature Review 29114.3 Experimental Setup 29214.4 Methodology 29614.5 Results and Discussion 30014.6 Conclusions 30215 Sustainable Machining of Monel 400 Using Cryogenic Treated Tool 305S. Balakrishnan, K. Senthilkumar and S. Thirumalai Kumaran15.1 Introduction 30615.2 Materials and Methods 30815.3 Results and Discussion 31115.4 Conclusion 315References 315Index 317

S. Thirumalai Kumaran, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Chennai, India. He completed his PhD in mechanical engineering in 2015 from Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education. He has published more than 100 articles in SCI journals and received a gold medal in manufacturing engineering from the Government College of Technology in 2008. Tae Jo Ko, PhD, is a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeaungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea. He received a PhD in mechanical engineering from POSTECH, South Korea. Professor Tae Jo Koe has more than 300 publications in SCI journals, and has launched new research in rechargeable batteries and digital twins for manufacturing. He is the editor of the International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing and the Journal of Nanotechnology.

• Preface xv1 Effect of Granite Filler on Mechanical Properties and Free Damping of Silk-Sisal—Reinforced Epoxy Composites 1K. Sripriyan and S. Karthick1.1 Introduction 11.2 Material and Preparation 31.3 Result and Discussion 41.4 Conclusions 102 Effect of Plastic Particulate Addition on Polymer Composite Reinforced with Prosopis juliflora Fiber 13Sakthi Balan G., Aravind Raj S., Jafrey Daniel James D. and Ramesh M.2.1 Introduction 142.2 Materials and Methods 152.3 Results and Discussion 182.4 Conclusion 293 Effect of Various Manufacturing Techniques on Mechanical Properties of Biofiber-Reinforced Composites 33M. Sasi Kumar, S. Sathish, M. Makeshkumar, S. Gokulkumar, L. Prabhu, S. Hemalatha, S. Ponnavan and Nancy Chopra3.1 Introduction 343.2 Manufacturing Methods 353.3 Hand Layup Technique 363.4 Compression Techniques 393.5 Injection Technique 453.6 Filament Techniques 463.7 Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Technique 463.8 Spray Molding Technique 533.9 Conclusion 544 Electrical Discharge Machining of Al-B4C Composite for Biomedical Applications 65S. Suresh Kumar, S. Thirumalai Kumaran, G. Kalusuraman and G. S. Samy4.1 Introduction 664.2 Materials and Methods 684.3 Results and Discussion 714.4 Conclusion 765 Green Manufacturing of Natural Fiber Composite 79Meenal Batra and Alka Bali5.1 Introduction 805.2 Characteristics of Natural Fibers 815.3 Classes of Natural Fibers 825.4 Polymer Matrix 845.5 Applications of Natural Fiber Composites 855.6 Preprocessing of Natural Fiber Composites 875.7 Fabrication of Natural Fiber Composites 885.8 Additive Manufacturing 925.9 Additive Manufacturing of Different Composites 975.10 Critical Issues During Processing of Natural Fiber Composites 1025.11 Conclusion 1036 Manufacturing Issues and Process Parameters of Composite Filament for Additive Manufacturing Process 115Jafrey Daniel James D., Ramesh M., Sakthi Balan G. and Aravind Raj S.6.1 Introduction 1166.2 Materials and Properties 1176.3 Results and Discussion 1206.4 Conclusion 1287 Material Sustainability During Friction Stir Joining 131Raheem Al-Sabur and M. Serier7.1 Introduction 1327.2 FSW Parameters 1347.3 FSW Sustainability Review 1367.4 FSW Sustainability Aspects 1377.5 Recent Modifications in FSW Processes 1437.6 Recent Applications of FSW 1477.7 Conclusions 1478 Plant-Based Biosorbents for Heavy Metal Removal From Wastewater 155Narmadha V. and Siddhi Sreemahadevan8.1 Introduction 1568.2 Physical and Chemical Techniques for Heavy Metal Removal 1578.3 Biological Methods for Heavy Metal Removal 1588.4 Biochar 1598.5 Plant-Based Biochar 1628.6 A Comparison of Techniques for Removing Heavy Metals 1708.7 Conclusion 1719 Sustainability in Manufacturing: Welding’s Role as a Frontier 177P. Arunkumar, N. Muthukumaran, K. S. Ramaneedharan, N. S. Mithun, B. Sanjay, K. Solaiyappan, S. Gokul and B. Arulmurugan9.1 Introduction 1789.2 Sustainability Assessment in Welding 1819.3 Welding Processes Study on Sustainability Assessment 1869.4 5S Lean Strategy for Sustainability Manufacturing 1879.5 Conclusion 18810 Sustainable Development of Redundant Articulated Robot Components Using Simscape Multibody 193M. Saravana Mohan, P. S. Samuel Ratna Kumar and P. M. Mashinini10.1 Introduction 19410.2 CAD Modeling 20010.3 Assigning Aluminum A308 Alloy for RAR 20210.4 Kinematics and Dynamic Studies 20310.5 Assigning DH Parameters 20410.6 Simscape Multibody Simulation 20710.7 Torque Results Using Simscape Multibody 20710.8 Static Analysis Under Twisting Moment 21010.9 Work Envelope of RAR 21210.10 Fatigue Report of RAR 21310.11 Conclusion 21611 Implementation of Green Manufacturing Practices in Automobile Fields: A Review 221Sampath Boopathi11.1 Introduction 22211.2 Green Manufacturing Production 22811.3 Green Manufacturing in the Automobile Field 23011.4 Green Manufacturing Practices in the Automotive Field 23611.5 Case Study: Automobile Green Manufacturing Firm 24011.6 Case Study: Water Conservation Technologies 24312 Minimization of Manufacturing Industry Wastes Through the Green Lean Sigma Principle 249Sampath Boopathi12.1 Introduction 25012.2 Challenges to the Manufacturing Sector 25212.3 GT and Manufacturing Development Procedure 25212.4 Green Lean Manufacturing Terminologies 25512.5 Real-Time Problem Formulation and Research Approach 25912.6 Green Lean Six Sigma Barriers 26412.7 Conclusion 26713 Design for Sustainable Methods in Additive Manufacturing 271Akesh B. Kakarla and Ing Kong13.1 Introduction 27113.2 Ecological Impacts of Additive Manufacturing 27513.3 Life Cycle Analysis 27713.4 Implications of Sustainable Development in AM 27813.5 Conclusions 28214 Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Control Parameters Using Hybrid Taguchi and TOPSIS Method 289B. Singaravel, T. Niranjan, M. Vasu Babu and K. Nagarjuna14.1 Introduction 29014.2 Literature Review 29114.3 Experimental Setup 29214.4 Methodology 29614.5 Results and Discussion 30014.6 Conclusions 30215 Sustainable Machining of Monel 400 Using Cryogenic Treated Tool 305S. Balakrishnan, K. Senthilkumar and S. Thirumalai Kumaran15.1 Introduction 30615.2 Materials and Methods 30815.3 Results and Discussion 31115.4 Conclusion 315References 315Index 317

S. Thirumalai Kumaran, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Chennai, India. He completed his PhD in mechanical engineering in 2015 from Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education. He has published more than 100 articles in SCI journals and received a gold medal in manufacturing engineering from the Government College of Technology in 2008. Tae Jo Ko, PhD, is a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeaungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea. He received a PhD in mechanical engineering from POSTECH, South Korea. Professor Tae Jo Koe has more than 300 publications in SCI journals, and has launched new research in rechargeable batteries and digital twins for manufacturing. He is the editor of the International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing and the Journal of Nanotechnology.

• Preface xv1 Effect of Granite Filler on Mechanical Properties and Free Damping of Silk-Sisal—Reinforced Epoxy Composites 1K. Sripriyan and S. Karthick1.1 Introduction 11.2 Material and Preparation 31.3 Result and Discussion 41.4 Conclusions 102 Effect of Plastic Particulate Addition on Polymer Composite Reinforced with Prosopis juliflora Fiber 13Sakthi Balan G., Aravind Raj S., Jafrey Daniel James D. and Ramesh M.2.1 Introduction 142.2 Materials and Methods 152.3 Results and Discussion 182.4 Conclusion 293 Effect of Various Manufacturing Techniques on Mechanical Properties of Biofiber-Reinforced Composites 33M. Sasi Kumar, S. Sathish, M. Makeshkumar, S. Gokulkumar, L. Prabhu, S. Hemalatha, S. Ponnavan and Nancy Chopra3.1 Introduction 343.2 Manufacturing Methods 353.3 Hand Layup Technique 363.4 Compression Techniques 393.5 Injection Technique 453.6 Filament Techniques 463.7 Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Technique 463.8 Spray Molding Technique 533.9 Conclusion 544 Electrical Discharge Machining of Al-B4C Composite for Biomedical Applications 65S. Suresh Kumar, S. Thirumalai Kumaran, G. Kalusuraman and G. S. Samy4.1 Introduction 664.2 Materials and Methods 684.3 Results and Discussion 714.4 Conclusion 765 Green Manufacturing of Natural Fiber Composite 79Meenal Batra and Alka Bali5.1 Introduction 805.2 Characteristics of Natural Fibers 815.3 Classes of Natural Fibers 825.4 Polymer Matrix 845.5 Applications of Natural Fiber Composites 855.6 Preprocessing of Natural Fiber Composites 875.7 Fabrication of Natural Fiber Composites 885.8 Additive Manufacturing 925.9 Additive Manufacturing of Different Composites 975.10 Critical Issues During Processing of Natural Fiber Composites 1025.11 Conclusion 1036 Manufacturing Issues and Process Parameters of Composite Filament for Additive Manufacturing Process 115Jafrey Daniel James D., Ramesh M., Sakthi Balan G. and Aravind Raj S.6.1 Introduction 1166.2 Materials and Properties 1176.3 Results and Discussion 1206.4 Conclusion 1287 Material Sustainability During Friction Stir Joining 131Raheem Al-Sabur and M. Serier7.1 Introduction 1327.2 FSW Parameters 1347.3 FSW Sustainability Review 1367.4 FSW Sustainability Aspects 1377.5 Recent Modifications in FSW Processes 1437.6 Recent Applications of FSW 1477.7 Conclusions 1478 Plant-Based Biosorbents for Heavy Metal Removal From Wastewater 155Narmadha V. and Siddhi Sreemahadevan8.1 Introduction 1568.2 Physical and Chemical Techniques for Heavy Metal Removal 1578.3 Biological Methods for Heavy Metal Removal 1588.4 Biochar 1598.5 Plant-Based Biochar 1628.6 A Comparison of Techniques for Removing Heavy Metals 1708.7 Conclusion 1719 Sustainability in Manufacturing: Welding’s Role as a Frontier 177P. Arunkumar, N. Muthukumaran, K. S. Ramaneedharan, N. S. Mithun, B. Sanjay, K. Solaiyappan, S. Gokul and B. Arulmurugan9.1 Introduction 1789.2 Sustainability Assessment in Welding 1819.3 Welding Processes Study on Sustainability Assessment 1869.4 5S Lean Strategy for Sustainability Manufacturing 1879.5 Conclusion 18810 Sustainable Development of Redundant Articulated Robot Components Using Simscape Multibody 193M. Saravana Mohan, P. S. Samuel Ratna Kumar and P. M. Mashinini10.1 Introduction 19410.2 CAD Modeling 20010.3 Assigning Aluminum A308 Alloy for RAR 20210.4 Kinematics and Dynamic Studies 20310.5 Assigning DH Parameters 20410.6 Simscape Multibody Simulation 20710.7 Torque Results Using Simscape Multibody 20710.8 Static Analysis Under Twisting Moment 21010.9 Work Envelope of RAR 21210.10 Fatigue Report of RAR 21310.11 Conclusion 21611 Implementation of Green Manufacturing Practices in Automobile Fields: A Review 221Sampath Boopathi11.1 Introduction 22211.2 Green Manufacturing Production 22811.3 Green Manufacturing in the Automobile Field 23011.4 Green Manufacturing Practices in the Automotive Field 23611.5 Case Study: Automobile Green Manufacturing Firm 24011.6 Case Study: Water Conservation Technologies 24312 Minimization of Manufacturing Industry Wastes Through the Green Lean Sigma Principle 249Sampath Boopathi12.1 Introduction 25012.2 Challenges to the Manufacturing Sector 25212.3 GT and Manufacturing Development Procedure 25212.4 Green Lean Manufacturing Terminologies 25512.5 Real-Time Problem Formulation and Research Approach 25912.6 Green Lean Six Sigma Barriers 26412.7 Conclusion 26713 Design for Sustainable Methods in Additive Manufacturing 271Akesh B. Kakarla and Ing Kong13.1 Introduction 27113.2 Ecological Impacts of Additive Manufacturing 27513.3 Life Cycle Analysis 27713.4 Implications of Sustainable Development in AM 27813.5 Conclusions 28214 Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Control Parameters Using Hybrid Taguchi and TOPSIS Method 289B. Singaravel, T. Niranjan, M. Vasu Babu and K. Nagarjuna14.1 Introduction 29014.2 Literature Review 29114.3 Experimental Setup 29214.4 Methodology 29614.5 Results and Discussion 30014.6 Conclusions 30215 Sustainable Machining of Monel 400 Using Cryogenic Treated Tool 305S. Balakrishnan, K. Senthilkumar and S. Thirumalai Kumaran15.1 Introduction 30615.2 Materials and Methods 30815.3 Results and Discussion 31115.4 Conclusion 315References 315Index 317