R. Rajasekar, PhD, professor and head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College (An Autonomous Institution under Anna University), Tamilnadu, India. He obtained his PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and specializes in materials science and engineering, renewable energy, surface coating on solar cells, and tribological performance of carbide inserts. He has published more than 130 research articles in reputed international journals, as well as more than 30 book chapters. C. Moganapriya, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher, Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. She completed her PhD in 2019 and her current research area includes surface engineering of solar cells for performance enhancement of power conversion efficiency and tribological performance of cutting tool inserts by adopting several hard coating materials. She has published 40 research articles and 15 book chapters with international publishers. P. Sathish Kumar, PhD, is a research associate, Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. His main research areas are in tribological studies of mining bits, thin film coating, natural fiber composites, and renewable energy.

• Preface xvii1 Brief Glimpses of Additive Manufacturing Techniques 1V. Bhuvaneswari2 Recent Developments in Additive Manufacturing Equipment's and Its Processes 23Ganesh Angappan, Santhosh Sivaraj, Madhan Mohankumar, Elango Vaidyanathan and Arun Joseph3 Computational Modeling of Additive Manufacturing—Overview, Principles, and Simulations in Different Scales 49B. K. Sivaraj, R. Nitheesh Kumar and V. Karthik4 Characterization Methodologies for Additive Manufacturing: From Feedstock to the Final Component 119Koduru Venkatesh, A. Muthuchamy and V. Karthik5 Additive Manufacturing of Polymeric Materials: Process and Properties 163Devarajan Balaji6 Additive Manufacturing of Metal-Matrix and Polymer-Matrix Composites 197Sandhyarani Biswas and Anurag Jasti7 Postprocessing of Additively Manufactured Polymeric and Metallic Parts—A Review 237Vishal Mishra, Navya Ann Cherian, Sushant Negi and Simanchal Kar8 Additive Manufacturing of Nanoscale and Microscale Materials 267D. Vasanth Kumar, N. Srinivasan, S. J. Davis Hans, S. Gokul, B. Arulmurugan and B. Sathishkumar9 Additive Manufacturing of Hydrogels: Process and Properties 295V. Bhuvaneswari, Balaji Devarajan and L. Rajeshkumar10 Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glasses 319Ashutosh Sahu and Anil Kumar11 Additive Manufacturing of Tools and Dies for Metal Forming Applications 343Yogeshwaran K. and Shubhajit Das12 Environmental Aspects of 3D Printing Metal and Alloys 373Palivela Bhargav Chandan, Pranav G. Bhat, Sangeeth Purushothaman, Devara Venkata Krishna, Tadi Siva Prasad, Aye Aye Thet and Mamilla Ravi Sankar13 Current Aspects of Additive Manufacturing in the Aerospace Industry 409Dheeraj Lal Soni and Jagadish14 Four-Dimensional (4D) Microprinting: Materials, Processes, Challenges and Applications 429Roja Rani Korrayi, Anita Jena, Bharat C. G. Marupalli, Bijaya Bikram Samal, Shailendra Kumar Varshney and Cheruvu Siva Kumar15 Novel Technique to Measure Shape Memory Behavior of 4D Material 459Nilesh Tiwari and Kanif M. Markad16 Additive Manufacturing for Building and Constructions: Overview, Applications and Challenges 485Akesh B. Kakarla, Ing Kong and Vipulkumar Ishvarbhai PatelReferences 501Index 509

R. Rajasekar, PhD, professor and head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College (An Autonomous Institution under Anna University), Tamilnadu, India. He obtained his PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and specializes in materials science and engineering, renewable energy, surface coating on solar cells, and tribological performance of carbide inserts. He has published more than 130 research articles in reputed international journals, as well as more than 30 book chapters. C. Moganapriya, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher, Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. She completed her PhD in 2019 and her current research area includes surface engineering of solar cells for performance enhancement of power conversion efficiency and tribological performance of cutting tool inserts by adopting several hard coating materials. She has published 40 research articles and 15 book chapters with international publishers. P. Sathish Kumar, PhD, is a research associate, Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. His main research areas are in tribological studies of mining bits, thin film coating, natural fiber composites, and renewable energy.

• Preface xvii1 Brief Glimpses of Additive Manufacturing Techniques 1V. Bhuvaneswari2 Recent Developments in Additive Manufacturing Equipment's and Its Processes 23Ganesh Angappan, Santhosh Sivaraj, Madhan Mohankumar, Elango Vaidyanathan and Arun Joseph3 Computational Modeling of Additive Manufacturing—Overview, Principles, and Simulations in Different Scales 49B. K. Sivaraj, R. Nitheesh Kumar and V. Karthik4 Characterization Methodologies for Additive Manufacturing: From Feedstock to the Final Component 119Koduru Venkatesh, A. Muthuchamy and V. Karthik5 Additive Manufacturing of Polymeric Materials: Process and Properties 163Devarajan Balaji6 Additive Manufacturing of Metal-Matrix and Polymer-Matrix Composites 197Sandhyarani Biswas and Anurag Jasti7 Postprocessing of Additively Manufactured Polymeric and Metallic Parts—A Review 237Vishal Mishra, Navya Ann Cherian, Sushant Negi and Simanchal Kar8 Additive Manufacturing of Nanoscale and Microscale Materials 267D. Vasanth Kumar, N. Srinivasan, S. J. Davis Hans, S. Gokul, B. Arulmurugan and B. Sathishkumar9 Additive Manufacturing of Hydrogels: Process and Properties 295V. Bhuvaneswari, Balaji Devarajan and L. Rajeshkumar10 Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glasses 319Ashutosh Sahu and Anil Kumar11 Additive Manufacturing of Tools and Dies for Metal Forming Applications 343Yogeshwaran K. and Shubhajit Das12 Environmental Aspects of 3D Printing Metal and Alloys 373Palivela Bhargav Chandan, Pranav G. Bhat, Sangeeth Purushothaman, Devara Venkata Krishna, Tadi Siva Prasad, Aye Aye Thet and Mamilla Ravi Sankar13 Current Aspects of Additive Manufacturing in the Aerospace Industry 409Dheeraj Lal Soni and Jagadish14 Four-Dimensional (4D) Microprinting: Materials, Processes, Challenges and Applications 429Roja Rani Korrayi, Anita Jena, Bharat C. G. Marupalli, Bijaya Bikram Samal, Shailendra Kumar Varshney and Cheruvu Siva Kumar15 Novel Technique to Measure Shape Memory Behavior of 4D Material 459Nilesh Tiwari and Kanif M. Markad16 Additive Manufacturing for Building and Constructions: Overview, Applications and Challenges 485Akesh B. Kakarla, Ing Kong and Vipulkumar Ishvarbhai PatelReferences 501Index 509

R. Rajasekar, PhD, professor and head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College (An Autonomous Institution under Anna University), Tamilnadu, India. He obtained his PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and specializes in materials science and engineering, renewable energy, surface coating on solar cells, and tribological performance of carbide inserts. He has published more than 130 research articles in reputed international journals, as well as more than 30 book chapters. C. Moganapriya, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher, Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. She completed her PhD in 2019 and her current research area includes surface engineering of solar cells for performance enhancement of power conversion efficiency and tribological performance of cutting tool inserts by adopting several hard coating materials. She has published 40 research articles and 15 book chapters with international publishers. P. Sathish Kumar, PhD, is a research associate, Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. His main research areas are in tribological studies of mining bits, thin film coating, natural fiber composites, and renewable energy.

• Preface xvii1 Brief Glimpses of Additive Manufacturing Techniques 1V. Bhuvaneswari2 Recent Developments in Additive Manufacturing Equipment's and Its Processes 23Ganesh Angappan, Santhosh Sivaraj, Madhan Mohankumar, Elango Vaidyanathan and Arun Joseph3 Computational Modeling of Additive Manufacturing—Overview, Principles, and Simulations in Different Scales 49B. K. Sivaraj, R. Nitheesh Kumar and V. Karthik4 Characterization Methodologies for Additive Manufacturing: From Feedstock to the Final Component 119Koduru Venkatesh, A. Muthuchamy and V. Karthik5 Additive Manufacturing of Polymeric Materials: Process and Properties 163Devarajan Balaji6 Additive Manufacturing of Metal-Matrix and Polymer-Matrix Composites 197Sandhyarani Biswas and Anurag Jasti7 Postprocessing of Additively Manufactured Polymeric and Metallic Parts—A Review 237Vishal Mishra, Navya Ann Cherian, Sushant Negi and Simanchal Kar8 Additive Manufacturing of Nanoscale and Microscale Materials 267D. Vasanth Kumar, N. Srinivasan, S. J. Davis Hans, S. Gokul, B. Arulmurugan and B. Sathishkumar9 Additive Manufacturing of Hydrogels: Process and Properties 295V. Bhuvaneswari, Balaji Devarajan and L. Rajeshkumar10 Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glasses 319Ashutosh Sahu and Anil Kumar11 Additive Manufacturing of Tools and Dies for Metal Forming Applications 343Yogeshwaran K. and Shubhajit Das12 Environmental Aspects of 3D Printing Metal and Alloys 373Palivela Bhargav Chandan, Pranav G. Bhat, Sangeeth Purushothaman, Devara Venkata Krishna, Tadi Siva Prasad, Aye Aye Thet and Mamilla Ravi Sankar13 Current Aspects of Additive Manufacturing in the Aerospace Industry 409Dheeraj Lal Soni and Jagadish14 Four-Dimensional (4D) Microprinting: Materials, Processes, Challenges and Applications 429Roja Rani Korrayi, Anita Jena, Bharat C. G. Marupalli, Bijaya Bikram Samal, Shailendra Kumar Varshney and Cheruvu Siva Kumar15 Novel Technique to Measure Shape Memory Behavior of 4D Material 459Nilesh Tiwari and Kanif M. Markad16 Additive Manufacturing for Building and Constructions: Overview, Applications and Challenges 485Akesh B. Kakarla, Ing Kong and Vipulkumar Ishvarbhai PatelReferences 501Index 509