Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives, Volume 7

Kashmiri Lal Mittal was employed by the IBM Corporation from 1972 through 1993. Currently, he is teaching and consulting worldwide in the broad areas of adhesion as well as surface cleaning. He has received numerous awards and honors including the title of doctor honoris causa from Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland. He is the editor of more than 150 books dealing with adhesion measurement, adhesion of polymeric coatings, polymer surfaces, adhesive joints, adhesion promoters, thin films, polyimides, surface modification surface cleaning, and surfactants.

• Preface xi1 Stress Distribution and Design Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Tubular Composite Joints: A Review 1Mohammad Shishesaz1.1 Introduction 21.2 A Brief Review of Stress Analysis in Tubular Composite Joints 41.3 Governing Equations Based on Linear Elasticity 101.3.1 Typical Assumptions in a Tubular Lap Joint Under Torsion 101.3.2 Stress Distribution in a Defect-Free Tubular Lap Joint Under Torsion 191.3.3 Stress Distribution in Defect-Free Joints Under Bending Moment 231.3.4 Stress Distribution in Defect-Free Joints Under Axial Load 241.3.5 Design Aspects Related to Adhesive Layer 281.3.6 Stress Distribution in Damaged Joints Due to Voids, Debonds, or Delaminations 321.3.7 Stress Distribution in Hybrid Joints Under Torsion 401.4 Nonlinear Analysis and Stress Distribution in Tubular Composite Joints 451.5 Failure Analysis of Adhesive Layer 471.6 Summary 502 Durability of Structural Adhesive Joints: Factors Affecting Durability, Durability Assessment and Ways to Improve Durability 57H. S. Panda, Srujan Sapkal and S. K. Panigrahi2.1 Introduction 592.2 Factors Affecting Durability 602.2.1 Materials 612.2.1.1 Adhesives 612.2.2 Effects of Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) 682.2.2.1 Elastic Modulus 682.2.2.2 Lap-Shear Strength 692.2.3 Effects of Adherends 702.2.3.1 Aluminium 712.2.3.2 Steel 772.2.3.3 Titanium 812.2.4 Effects of Environment 822.2.4.1 Moisture 822.2.4.2 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) 842.2.4.3 Stress 852.2.4.4 Temperature 862.2.5 Other Factors Affecting the Durability of Adhesive Joints 872.3 Durability Assessment 872.4 Methods to Improve Durability 902.4.1 Addition of Nano-Fillers 912.4.1.1 Carbon Nanofillers 922.4.1.2 Alumina-Based Nano-Fillers 942.4.1.3 Silica-Based Nano-Fillers 952.4.1.4 Other Nanofillers 992.5 Summary 1023 Mechanical Surface Treatment of Adherends for Adhesive Bonding 113Anna Rudawska3.1 Introduction 1143.2 Characteristics of Mechanical Surface Treatment Methods 1163.2.1 Introduction 1163.2.2 Processing with Coated Abrasive Tools 1173.2.3 Abrasive Blasting 1223.2.4 Shot Peening 1253.2.5 Brushing 1263.2.6 Milling 1273.2.7 Grinding 1273.3 Types of Abrasive Blasting Operations 1283.3.1 Sandblasting 1293.3.2 Shot Blasting 1323.3.3 Grit-Blasting 1343.3.4 Corundumizing 1343.3.5 Glazing 1343.3.6 Dry Ice Blasting 1343.3.7 Soda Blasting 1353.4 Influence of Mechanical Treatment on the Strength of Adhesive Joints 1363.4.1 Processing with Abrasive Coated Tools 1363.4.1.1 Mechanical Treatment Using Single and Multiple Abrasive Coated Tools 1363.4.1.2 Surface Treatment with a Single Type of Abrasive Paper 1433.4.2 Abrasive Blasting - Sandblasting 1453.4.2.1 Influence of the Type of Abrasive Blasting on the Strength of Adhesive Joints: Sandblasting and Grit-Blasting 1453.4.2.2 Influence of Abrasive Blasting Parameters on the Strength of Adhesive Joints 1473.4.3 Abrasive Blasting – Shot Peening 1583.4.3.1 Influence of Different Variants of Surface Treatment Methods Including Shot Peening on the Strength of Adhesive Joints 1583.5 Summary 1614 Surface Modification of Polymer Materials by Excimer 172 nm UV Light: A Review 171Keiko Gotoh4.1 Introduction 1724.2 Wettability Measurements by Conventional Sessile Drop Technique 1734.3 Preference for the Wilhelmy Technique in Wettability Analyses 1764.4 UV Lithography Technique for Preparation of Mosaic Wettability Pattern 1804.5 Chemical and Topographical Changes on Polymer Surfaces Due to UV Treatment 1824.6 Determination of Surface Free Energy by Contact Angle Measurements 1844.7 Effect of UV Treatment on Particle Adhesion 1864.8 Improvement in Textile Performance by UV Treatment 1884.9 Summary and Prospects 1955 Corona Discharge Treatment for Surface Modification and Adhesion Improvement 203Thomas Schuman5.1 Introduction 2035.2 Historical Development of Corona Treatment Technique and Various Set-Ups Available 2045.3 Factors Affecting the Outcome of Corona Treatment 2075.3.1 Corona Dosage 2075.3.2 Electrode Gap 2085.4 Effects Produced by Corona Treatment 2085.5 Surface Analysis of Corona-Treated Materials 2095.5.1 Contact Angle Measurements 2095.5.2 Surface Free Energy Determination 2105.5.3 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis 2145.5.4 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Analysis 2175.5.5 Adhesion Property 2185.6 Summary 2196 Adhesion Activation of Aramid Fibers for Industrial Use 225Pieter J. de Lange, Peter G. Akker, Tony Mathew and Michel H.J. van den Tweel6.1 Introduction 2266.2 Adhesion Between Aramid Fibers and Rubber 2286.2.1 Adhesion Activation Process 2306.2.1.1 "Maturation" of the Adhesion Active Finish 2306.2.1.2 Application and Curing 2316.2.1.3 Resulting Chemical Surface Structure 2326.2.1.4 Resulting Physical Surface Structure 2346.2.2 RFL Dipping Process 2346.2.2.1 Fiber-RFL Interface 2346.2.2.2 RFL-Rubber Interface 2366.3 Adhesion Between Aramid Fibers and Other Matrices 2376.3.1 Thermoset Matrix 2376.3.1.1 Micromechanical Testing 2376.3.1.2 Macroscopic Adhesion and Composite Testing 2386.3.2 Thermoplastic Matrix 2396.4 Effect of Processing Oil on Adhesion 2406.4.1 XPS Analysis 2416.4.2 Adhesion to a Rubber Matrix 2436.4.3 Adhesion to an Epoxy Matrix 2436.5 Plasma Activation of Aramid Fibers 2456.5.1 Experimental Details 2476.5.2 Adhesion Results 2486.5.2.1 Optimization Experiments 2486.5.2.2 Adhesion of Plasma Activated Fiber Bundles 2486.5.2.3 Adhesion of Plasma Activated Cords 2506.5.2.4 Explanation of the Difference in Adhesion Between Fiber Bundles and Cords 2516.5.3 Conclusions Regarding Plasma Activation for Industrial Use 2536.5.3.1 Fiber Bundle Treatment 2536.5.3.2 Cord Treatment 2546.5.3.3 Matrices Other Than Rubber 2546.6 Short-Cut Fibers 2546.6.1 Applications in Rubber Matrix 2556.6.2 Applications in Engineering Plastics 2576.7 Summary and Prospects 2577 Dual-Cured Hydrogels for Bioadhesives and Various Biomedical Applications 265Achiad Zilberfarb, Gali Cohen, Hanna Dodiuk and Elizabeth Amir7.1 Introduction 2677.2 Discussion 2697.2.1 Curing Mechanisms 2697.2.1.1 Free Radical and Coordination Mechanisms 2697.2.1.2 Free Radical and Condensation Mechanisms 2977.2.1.3 Coordination and Condensation Mechanisms 3067.2.1.4 Free Radical and Ring Opening Mechanisms 3147.2.1.5 Free Radical and Cycloaddition Mechanisms 3157.2.1.6 Free Radical and Nucleophilic Addition Mechanisms 3177.2.1.7 Nucleophilic Addition and Coordination Mechanisms 3177.2.1.8 Condensation and Cycloaddition Mechanisms 3197.2.1.9 Cycloaddition and Coordination Mechanisms 3207.2.1.10 Coordination and Ring Opening Mechanisms 3237.2.2 Processing 3257.2.2.1 Photopatterning 3277.2.2.2 3D Bioprinting 3277.2.2.3 Injectable Hydrogels 3287.2.3 Properties 3317.2.4 Applications 3337.3 Summary 3358 Non-Adhesive SLIPS-Like Surfaces: Fabrication and Applications 347Swithin Hanosh and Sajan D. GeorgeList of Abbreviations 3488.1 Introduction 3488.2 Role of Contact Angle Hysteresis in Repelling Liquids 3518.3 Non-Adhesive SLIPS-Like Surfaces 3558.4 Applications 3628.4.1 Anti-Biofouling/Anti-Fouling 3628.4.2 Anti-Scaling 3658.4.3 Liquid Transportation 3668.4.4 Anti-Icing 3688.4.5 Other Applications 3708.5 Summary and Outlook 372Acknowledgments 373References 373Index 381