Mousumi Sen, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India. She obtained her doctorate in bioinorganic chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. Her research focuses on sustainable development, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processes. Her research interest is focused on the development of sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processes for processing and converting waste to generate energy, fuels, and biobased chemicals. She has published many peer-reviewed research articles in journals, edited book chapters, and authored one book.

• Preface xv1 Green and Sustainable Catalytic Reaction Processes Including New Reaction Medium-Enriched Atom Utilization 1Amit and Mousumi Sen1.1 Introduction 21.2 Background 31.3 Literature Review 71.4 Environmental Impact of Catalytic Reactions 91.5 Experimental Section 131.6 Results and Discussion 161.7 Summary and Outlook 21References 222 Green Catalysis for Chemical Transformation: Need for the Sustainable Development 29Dripta De Joarder, Rajarshi Sarkar and Dilip K. Maiti2.1 Introduction 302.2 Conclusion 46References 463 Green Avenues in Controlled Radical Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Macromolecules 59Pratibha Sharma and Amit Kumar3.1 Introduction 593.2 Green Advances in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Technique 613.3 Green Advances in Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Technique 653.4 Green Advances in Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization Technique 673.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective 69References 704 Catalytic Synthesis and Application of Heterocyclic and Heteroatom Compounds: Recent Advances 79Nayeem Ahmed, Zeba N. Siddiqui, Waqas A. Khan and Hinna Hamid4.1 Introduction 804.2 Conclusion 92References 935 The Novel Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Green and Sustainable Catalysts 97Surya Prakash Verma, Devashish Singh and Poonam Rajesh Prasad5.1 Introduction 985.2 Role of Green Synthesis and Catalyst 1005.3 Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Transition Metals 1015.4 Asymmetric Cross-Couplings Catalyzed by TM 1045.5 Approaches to Profens Through Organocatalysis 1135.6 Conclusions 116Acknowledgments 116References 1166 Application of Nanocatalysts in Greener Synthesis of Chemical Compounds 121Karan Chaudhary and Dhanraj T. Masram6.1 Introduction 1226.2 Green Strategies 1236.3 Nanocatalysts for Green Synthesis of Organic Compounds 1256.4 Conclusion 135References 1357 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Recent Advances and Applications 141Sher Mohd and Amjad Mumtaz Khan7.1 Introduction 1427.2 Fundamental Principles of Photocatalysis 1447.3 Photocatalytic Mechanisms 1457.4 Factors Affecting Photocatalytic Efficiency 1467.5 Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalysts 1487.6 Applications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 1497.7 Recent Advances in Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance 1537.8 Prospects and Pioneering Challenges in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 1567.9 Conclusion 158References 1588 Role of Biocatalysis-Biotransformations in Sustainable Chemistry 165Devashish Singh, Surya Prakash Verma and Poonam Rajesh Prasad8.1 Introduction 1668.2 Principle of Biocatalysis 1688.3 Recent Development in Biocatalysis 1698.4 Future in Biocatalysis 1778.5 Conclusion 179Acknowledgments 179References 1809 Synthesis and Functionalization of Natural Products with Light-Driven Reactions 183Kanchanbala Sahoo, Gitanjali Mishra and Barla Thirupathi9.1 Introduction 1849.2 Visible Light-Driven Total Synthesis of Natural Products 1869.3 Visible Light-Driven Functionalization of Natural Products 2139.4 Conclusion 217Acknowledgements 218References 21810 Metrics of Green Chemistry and Sustainability 225Ramuel John I. Tamargo, Hannah Shamina O. Cosiñero, Don Nelson C. Potato and Apraile Hope P. Dumrigue10.1 Green Metrics 22610.2 Tools and Applications of Green Metrics 24410.3 Life Cycle Assessment 25510.4 Conclusions 256References 25711 Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy 259Gyanendra Kumar, Nitanshu Dhama, Rohit Yadav and Dhanraj T. Masram11.1 Introduction of Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy 25911.2 Carbon-Based Biocomposites 26111.3 Waste Biomass 26211.4 Enzymes as Catalytically Active 26411.5 Immobilization of Enzymes in Biocatalysts 26511.6 Biopolymer 26611.7 Catalytic Applications in Biocatalysts 26811.8 Computational Approaches in Biocatalyst 26911.9 Conclusion and Future Prospects 270References 27112 Chemistry and Technology Innovation to Advance Green and Sustainable Chemistry 273Prabitha Prabhakaran, Sakshi Bhardwaj, Bhawna Chopra, Ashwani K. Dhingra and Madhur Kant12.1 Introduction 27412.2 Computational Chemistry Methods in Green and Sustainable Drug Design and Development 27612.3 Green Chemistry Principles in Computational Drug Design 28012.4 Case Studies in Green and Sustainable Drug Design Using Computational Approaches 28612.5 Technology Innovations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design 28912.6 Challenges and Limitations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design 29212.7 Future Directions and Conclusion 294References 29513 Green Chemistry: The Emergence of a Transformative Framework 301Priyanka Chaudhary, Rapelly Venkatesh and Reena Singh13.1 Introduction 30213.2 Synthetic Routes with Catalysts in Stoichiometric Amounts with the Higher Selectivity of the Chemistry Showcasing Its Advancement 30313.3 Solvent-Free Syntheses or Alternative Environmental Benign Solvents 30513.4 Overcoming the Conventional Methods by Switching to Microwave, Ball Milling, and Photochemical Synthesis 30813.5 Preventing the Usage of Toxic Chemicals, Use of Alternative Chemicals 317Conclusion 319References 32014 Sustainable Therapeutic Approaches with Nanophotocatalyst 329Rajarshi Sarkar, Dripta De Joarder and Dilip K. Maiti14.1 Introduction 33014.2 Cancer Therapeutics 33014.3 Photocatalysis and Drug Delivery 33414.4 Challenges and Perspectives 33614.5 Conclusion 338References 33815 Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste Into Green Fuels 343Poulami Hota and Dilip K. Maiti15.1 Introduction 34415.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 34515.3 Conventional Approach for the Generation of Liquid Fuels From Lignocellulosic Biomass 34715.4 Selective Transformations of Platform Chemicals 36215.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 368References 36916 Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater by Catalytic (Photo/Bio/Nano) Techniques 377Mohd Ehtesham, Naushad Ansari, Gyanendra Kumar, Satendra Kumar, Panmei Gaijon, Sudipta Ghosh, M. Ramananda Singh and Arun KantAbbreviations 37816.1 Introduction 37816.2 Detoxification of Wastewater 38016.3 Miscellaneous Types of Adsorbent 38716.4 Adsorption Isotherm and Its Kinetics 39016.5 Significance of Adsorption Technique for Remediation of Hazardous Effluents 39016.6 Future Prospects of Detoxification of Wastewater Through Catalysis 39116.7 Conclusion 391References 39217 New Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Compounds as Green and Sustainable Catalysts 397Vikas Yadav, Rohit Kumar, Amrit Gond, Ashvani Yadav, Mitushree Ghosh, Ram Singh Kuri and Virendra Prasad17.1 Introduction 39817.2 Role of Hypervalent Iodines in Asymmetric Synthetic Approach 39917.3 Synthesis and Reactivity 40717.4 Conclusion 438References 43818 High-Turnover Palladium Catalysts: Accelerating C-H Activation for Sustainable Green Catalysis 447Biswajit Panda18.1 Introduction 44818.2 High-TON Pd Catalysis for C-H Arylation of Arenes 45218.3 Palladium-Catalyzed Activation of Csp3 -H Bonds 45718.4 Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling 45718.5 Oxidative Alkynylation Reactions 46018.6 Tandem C–H and N–H Activation 46518.7 Conclusions 467References 46719 Thin-Film Fabrication Techniques in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells for Energy Harvesting 473Aman Kumar, Anamika Chaudhari, Sudhanshu Kumar, Suman Kushwaha and Sudip Mandal19.1 Introduction 47419.1.1 Energy Crisis and the World Scenario 47419.2 Structure and Operation Principle of DSSCs 47619.3 Various Methods for Fabricating Thin Films for DSSCs 47719.4 Concluding Remarks 508References 508Index 521

Mousumi Sen, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India. She obtained her doctorate in bioinorganic chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. Her research focuses on sustainable development, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processes. Her research interest is focused on the development of sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processes for processing and converting waste to generate energy, fuels, and biobased chemicals. She has published many peer-reviewed research articles in journals, edited book chapters, and authored one book.

• Preface xv1 Green and Sustainable Catalytic Reaction Processes Including New Reaction Medium-Enriched Atom Utilization 1Amit and Mousumi Sen1.1 Introduction 21.2 Background 31.3 Literature Review 71.4 Environmental Impact of Catalytic Reactions 91.5 Experimental Section 131.6 Results and Discussion 161.7 Summary and Outlook 21References 222 Green Catalysis for Chemical Transformation: Need for the Sustainable Development 29Dripta De Joarder, Rajarshi Sarkar and Dilip K. Maiti2.1 Introduction 302.2 Conclusion 46References 463 Green Avenues in Controlled Radical Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Macromolecules 59Pratibha Sharma and Amit Kumar3.1 Introduction 593.2 Green Advances in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Technique 613.3 Green Advances in Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Technique 653.4 Green Advances in Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization Technique 673.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective 69References 704 Catalytic Synthesis and Application of Heterocyclic and Heteroatom Compounds: Recent Advances 79Nayeem Ahmed, Zeba N. Siddiqui, Waqas A. Khan and Hinna Hamid4.1 Introduction 804.2 Conclusion 92References 935 The Novel Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Green and Sustainable Catalysts 97Surya Prakash Verma, Devashish Singh and Poonam Rajesh Prasad5.1 Introduction 985.2 Role of Green Synthesis and Catalyst 1005.3 Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Transition Metals 1015.4 Asymmetric Cross-Couplings Catalyzed by TM 1045.5 Approaches to Profens Through Organocatalysis 1135.6 Conclusions 116Acknowledgments 116References 1166 Application of Nanocatalysts in Greener Synthesis of Chemical Compounds 121Karan Chaudhary and Dhanraj T. Masram6.1 Introduction 1226.2 Green Strategies 1236.3 Nanocatalysts for Green Synthesis of Organic Compounds 1256.4 Conclusion 135References 1357 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Recent Advances and Applications 141Sher Mohd and Amjad Mumtaz Khan7.1 Introduction 1427.2 Fundamental Principles of Photocatalysis 1447.3 Photocatalytic Mechanisms 1457.4 Factors Affecting Photocatalytic Efficiency 1467.5 Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalysts 1487.6 Applications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 1497.7 Recent Advances in Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance 1537.8 Prospects and Pioneering Challenges in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 1567.9 Conclusion 158References 1588 Role of Biocatalysis-Biotransformations in Sustainable Chemistry 165Devashish Singh, Surya Prakash Verma and Poonam Rajesh Prasad8.1 Introduction 1668.2 Principle of Biocatalysis 1688.3 Recent Development in Biocatalysis 1698.4 Future in Biocatalysis 1778.5 Conclusion 179Acknowledgments 179References 1809 Synthesis and Functionalization of Natural Products with Light-Driven Reactions 183Kanchanbala Sahoo, Gitanjali Mishra and Barla Thirupathi9.1 Introduction 1849.2 Visible Light-Driven Total Synthesis of Natural Products 1869.3 Visible Light-Driven Functionalization of Natural Products 2139.4 Conclusion 217Acknowledgements 218References 21810 Metrics of Green Chemistry and Sustainability 225Ramuel John I. Tamargo, Hannah Shamina O. Cosiñero, Don Nelson C. Potato and Apraile Hope P. Dumrigue10.1 Green Metrics 22610.2 Tools and Applications of Green Metrics 24410.3 Life Cycle Assessment 25510.4 Conclusions 256References 25711 Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy 259Gyanendra Kumar, Nitanshu Dhama, Rohit Yadav and Dhanraj T. Masram11.1 Introduction of Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy 25911.2 Carbon-Based Biocomposites 26111.3 Waste Biomass 26211.4 Enzymes as Catalytically Active 26411.5 Immobilization of Enzymes in Biocatalysts 26511.6 Biopolymer 26611.7 Catalytic Applications in Biocatalysts 26811.8 Computational Approaches in Biocatalyst 26911.9 Conclusion and Future Prospects 270References 27112 Chemistry and Technology Innovation to Advance Green and Sustainable Chemistry 273Prabitha Prabhakaran, Sakshi Bhardwaj, Bhawna Chopra, Ashwani K. Dhingra and Madhur Kant12.1 Introduction 27412.2 Computational Chemistry Methods in Green and Sustainable Drug Design and Development 27612.3 Green Chemistry Principles in Computational Drug Design 28012.4 Case Studies in Green and Sustainable Drug Design Using Computational Approaches 28612.5 Technology Innovations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design 28912.6 Challenges and Limitations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design 29212.7 Future Directions and Conclusion 294References 29513 Green Chemistry: The Emergence of a Transformative Framework 301Priyanka Chaudhary, Rapelly Venkatesh and Reena Singh13.1 Introduction 30213.2 Synthetic Routes with Catalysts in Stoichiometric Amounts with the Higher Selectivity of the Chemistry Showcasing Its Advancement 30313.3 Solvent-Free Syntheses or Alternative Environmental Benign Solvents 30513.4 Overcoming the Conventional Methods by Switching to Microwave, Ball Milling, and Photochemical Synthesis 30813.5 Preventing the Usage of Toxic Chemicals, Use of Alternative Chemicals 317Conclusion 319References 32014 Sustainable Therapeutic Approaches with Nanophotocatalyst 329Rajarshi Sarkar, Dripta De Joarder and Dilip K. Maiti14.1 Introduction 33014.2 Cancer Therapeutics 33014.3 Photocatalysis and Drug Delivery 33414.4 Challenges and Perspectives 33614.5 Conclusion 338References 33815 Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste Into Green Fuels 343Poulami Hota and Dilip K. Maiti15.1 Introduction 34415.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 34515.3 Conventional Approach for the Generation of Liquid Fuels From Lignocellulosic Biomass 34715.4 Selective Transformations of Platform Chemicals 36215.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 368References 36916 Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater by Catalytic (Photo/Bio/Nano) Techniques 377Mohd Ehtesham, Naushad Ansari, Gyanendra Kumar, Satendra Kumar, Panmei Gaijon, Sudipta Ghosh, M. Ramananda Singh and Arun KantAbbreviations 37816.1 Introduction 37816.2 Detoxification of Wastewater 38016.3 Miscellaneous Types of Adsorbent 38716.4 Adsorption Isotherm and Its Kinetics 39016.5 Significance of Adsorption Technique for Remediation of Hazardous Effluents 39016.6 Future Prospects of Detoxification of Wastewater Through Catalysis 39116.7 Conclusion 391References 39217 New Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Compounds as Green and Sustainable Catalysts 397Vikas Yadav, Rohit Kumar, Amrit Gond, Ashvani Yadav, Mitushree Ghosh, Ram Singh Kuri and Virendra Prasad17.1 Introduction 39817.2 Role of Hypervalent Iodines in Asymmetric Synthetic Approach 39917.3 Synthesis and Reactivity 40717.4 Conclusion 438References 43818 High-Turnover Palladium Catalysts: Accelerating C-H Activation for Sustainable Green Catalysis 447Biswajit Panda18.1 Introduction 44818.2 High-TON Pd Catalysis for C-H Arylation of Arenes 45218.3 Palladium-Catalyzed Activation of Csp3 -H Bonds 45718.4 Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling 45718.5 Oxidative Alkynylation Reactions 46018.6 Tandem C–H and N–H Activation 46518.7 Conclusions 467References 46719 Thin-Film Fabrication Techniques in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells for Energy Harvesting 473Aman Kumar, Anamika Chaudhari, Sudhanshu Kumar, Suman Kushwaha and Sudip Mandal19.1 Introduction 47419.1.1 Energy Crisis and the World Scenario 47419.2 Structure and Operation Principle of DSSCs 47619.3 Various Methods for Fabricating Thin Films for DSSCs 47719.4 Concluding Remarks 508References 508Index 521

Mousumi Sen, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India. She obtained her doctorate in bioinorganic chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. Her research focuses on sustainable development, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processes. Her research interest is focused on the development of sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processes for processing and converting waste to generate energy, fuels, and biobased chemicals. She has published many peer-reviewed research articles in journals, edited book chapters, and authored one book.

• Preface xv1 Green and Sustainable Catalytic Reaction Processes Including New Reaction Medium-Enriched Atom Utilization 1Amit and Mousumi Sen1.1 Introduction 21.2 Background 31.3 Literature Review 71.4 Environmental Impact of Catalytic Reactions 91.5 Experimental Section 131.6 Results and Discussion 161.7 Summary and Outlook 21References 222 Green Catalysis for Chemical Transformation: Need for the Sustainable Development 29Dripta De Joarder, Rajarshi Sarkar and Dilip K. Maiti2.1 Introduction 302.2 Conclusion 46References 463 Green Avenues in Controlled Radical Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Macromolecules 59Pratibha Sharma and Amit Kumar3.1 Introduction 593.2 Green Advances in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Technique 613.3 Green Advances in Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Technique 653.4 Green Advances in Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization Technique 673.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective 69References 704 Catalytic Synthesis and Application of Heterocyclic and Heteroatom Compounds: Recent Advances 79Nayeem Ahmed, Zeba N. Siddiqui, Waqas A. Khan and Hinna Hamid4.1 Introduction 804.2 Conclusion 92References 935 The Novel Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Green and Sustainable Catalysts 97Surya Prakash Verma, Devashish Singh and Poonam Rajesh Prasad5.1 Introduction 985.2 Role of Green Synthesis and Catalyst 1005.3 Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Transition Metals 1015.4 Asymmetric Cross-Couplings Catalyzed by TM 1045.5 Approaches to Profens Through Organocatalysis 1135.6 Conclusions 116Acknowledgments 116References 1166 Application of Nanocatalysts in Greener Synthesis of Chemical Compounds 121Karan Chaudhary and Dhanraj T. Masram6.1 Introduction 1226.2 Green Strategies 1236.3 Nanocatalysts for Green Synthesis of Organic Compounds 1256.4 Conclusion 135References 1357 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Recent Advances and Applications 141Sher Mohd and Amjad Mumtaz Khan7.1 Introduction 1427.2 Fundamental Principles of Photocatalysis 1447.3 Photocatalytic Mechanisms 1457.4 Factors Affecting Photocatalytic Efficiency 1467.5 Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalysts 1487.6 Applications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 1497.7 Recent Advances in Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance 1537.8 Prospects and Pioneering Challenges in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 1567.9 Conclusion 158References 1588 Role of Biocatalysis-Biotransformations in Sustainable Chemistry 165Devashish Singh, Surya Prakash Verma and Poonam Rajesh Prasad8.1 Introduction 1668.2 Principle of Biocatalysis 1688.3 Recent Development in Biocatalysis 1698.4 Future in Biocatalysis 1778.5 Conclusion 179Acknowledgments 179References 1809 Synthesis and Functionalization of Natural Products with Light-Driven Reactions 183Kanchanbala Sahoo, Gitanjali Mishra and Barla Thirupathi9.1 Introduction 1849.2 Visible Light-Driven Total Synthesis of Natural Products 1869.3 Visible Light-Driven Functionalization of Natural Products 2139.4 Conclusion 217Acknowledgements 218References 21810 Metrics of Green Chemistry and Sustainability 225Ramuel John I. Tamargo, Hannah Shamina O. Cosiñero, Don Nelson C. Potato and Apraile Hope P. Dumrigue10.1 Green Metrics 22610.2 Tools and Applications of Green Metrics 24410.3 Life Cycle Assessment 25510.4 Conclusions 256References 25711 Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy 259Gyanendra Kumar, Nitanshu Dhama, Rohit Yadav and Dhanraj T. Masram11.1 Introduction of Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy 25911.2 Carbon-Based Biocomposites 26111.3 Waste Biomass 26211.4 Enzymes as Catalytically Active 26411.5 Immobilization of Enzymes in Biocatalysts 26511.6 Biopolymer 26611.7 Catalytic Applications in Biocatalysts 26811.8 Computational Approaches in Biocatalyst 26911.9 Conclusion and Future Prospects 270References 27112 Chemistry and Technology Innovation to Advance Green and Sustainable Chemistry 273Prabitha Prabhakaran, Sakshi Bhardwaj, Bhawna Chopra, Ashwani K. Dhingra and Madhur Kant12.1 Introduction 27412.2 Computational Chemistry Methods in Green and Sustainable Drug Design and Development 27612.3 Green Chemistry Principles in Computational Drug Design 28012.4 Case Studies in Green and Sustainable Drug Design Using Computational Approaches 28612.5 Technology Innovations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design 28912.6 Challenges and Limitations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design 29212.7 Future Directions and Conclusion 294References 29513 Green Chemistry: The Emergence of a Transformative Framework 301Priyanka Chaudhary, Rapelly Venkatesh and Reena Singh13.1 Introduction 30213.2 Synthetic Routes with Catalysts in Stoichiometric Amounts with the Higher Selectivity of the Chemistry Showcasing Its Advancement 30313.3 Solvent-Free Syntheses or Alternative Environmental Benign Solvents 30513.4 Overcoming the Conventional Methods by Switching to Microwave, Ball Milling, and Photochemical Synthesis 30813.5 Preventing the Usage of Toxic Chemicals, Use of Alternative Chemicals 317Conclusion 319References 32014 Sustainable Therapeutic Approaches with Nanophotocatalyst 329Rajarshi Sarkar, Dripta De Joarder and Dilip K. Maiti14.1 Introduction 33014.2 Cancer Therapeutics 33014.3 Photocatalysis and Drug Delivery 33414.4 Challenges and Perspectives 33614.5 Conclusion 338References 33815 Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste Into Green Fuels 343Poulami Hota and Dilip K. Maiti15.1 Introduction 34415.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 34515.3 Conventional Approach for the Generation of Liquid Fuels From Lignocellulosic Biomass 34715.4 Selective Transformations of Platform Chemicals 36215.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 368References 36916 Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater by Catalytic (Photo/Bio/Nano) Techniques 377Mohd Ehtesham, Naushad Ansari, Gyanendra Kumar, Satendra Kumar, Panmei Gaijon, Sudipta Ghosh, M. Ramananda Singh and Arun KantAbbreviations 37816.1 Introduction 37816.2 Detoxification of Wastewater 38016.3 Miscellaneous Types of Adsorbent 38716.4 Adsorption Isotherm and Its Kinetics 39016.5 Significance of Adsorption Technique for Remediation of Hazardous Effluents 39016.6 Future Prospects of Detoxification of Wastewater Through Catalysis 39116.7 Conclusion 391References 39217 New Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Compounds as Green and Sustainable Catalysts 397Vikas Yadav, Rohit Kumar, Amrit Gond, Ashvani Yadav, Mitushree Ghosh, Ram Singh Kuri and Virendra Prasad17.1 Introduction 39817.2 Role of Hypervalent Iodines in Asymmetric Synthetic Approach 39917.3 Synthesis and Reactivity 40717.4 Conclusion 438References 43818 High-Turnover Palladium Catalysts: Accelerating C-H Activation for Sustainable Green Catalysis 447Biswajit Panda18.1 Introduction 44818.2 High-TON Pd Catalysis for C-H Arylation of Arenes 45218.3 Palladium-Catalyzed Activation of Csp3 -H Bonds 45718.4 Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling 45718.5 Oxidative Alkynylation Reactions 46018.6 Tandem C–H and N–H Activation 46518.7 Conclusions 467References 46719 Thin-Film Fabrication Techniques in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells for Energy Harvesting 473Aman Kumar, Anamika Chaudhari, Sudhanshu Kumar, Suman Kushwaha and Sudip Mandal19.1 Introduction 47419.1.1 Energy Crisis and the World Scenario 47419.2 Structure and Operation Principle of DSSCs 47619.3 Various Methods for Fabricating Thin Films for DSSCs 47719.4 Concluding Remarks 508References 508Index 521