WILLIAM J. CRAWFORD is a Professor of Applied Linguistics at Northern Arizona University and Director of the Program in Intensive English. His research spans corpus linguistics, second language writing, and task-based language teaching. His recent works include Doing Corpus Linguistics and Teaching Grammar. MARCELLA CAPRARIO is an Assistant Professor of TESOL at Wenzhou-Kean University. Her research interests include Global Englishes, pragmatics, and language attitudes at the crossroads of applied linguistics, intercultural communication, and language education. Her work has appeared in journals such as TESOL Quarterly, Contrastive Pragmatics, and The Language Learning Journal.

• Preface ixAcknowledgments xiPart I Understanding English as a Lingua Franca 11 Introduction: Doing English as a Lingua Franca Research 32 What Is English as a Lingua Franca? 113 Historical Perspectives on English as a Lingua Franca. 334 English as a Lingua Franca and Linguistic Systems 565 English as a Lingua Franca: Language Attitudes and Educational Policy 79Part II Doing English as a Lingua Franca Research 1056 Survey of Research on English as a Lingua Franca. 1077 Choosing a Topic and Structuring Your Project. 1328 Sharing Your Project 1499 Looking Forward in English as a Lingua Franca Research 159Selected Sources 165Glossary 171References 181Index 190

WILLIAM J. CRAWFORD is a Professor of Applied Linguistics at Northern Arizona University and Director of the Program in Intensive English. His research spans corpus linguistics, second language writing, and task-based language teaching. His recent works include Doing Corpus Linguistics and Teaching Grammar. MARCELLA CAPRARIO is an Assistant Professor of TESOL at Wenzhou-Kean University. Her research interests include Global Englishes, pragmatics, and language attitudes at the crossroads of applied linguistics, intercultural communication, and language education. Her work has appeared in journals such as TESOL Quarterly, Contrastive Pragmatics, and The Language Learning Journal.

• Preface ixAcknowledgments xiPart I Understanding English as a Lingua Franca 11 Introduction: Doing English as a Lingua Franca Research 32 What Is English as a Lingua Franca? 113 Historical Perspectives on English as a Lingua Franca. 334 English as a Lingua Franca and Linguistic Systems 565 English as a Lingua Franca: Language Attitudes and Educational Policy 79Part II Doing English as a Lingua Franca Research 1056 Survey of Research on English as a Lingua Franca. 1077 Choosing a Topic and Structuring Your Project. 1328 Sharing Your Project 1499 Looking Forward in English as a Lingua Franca Research 159Selected Sources 165Glossary 171References 181Index 190

WILLIAM J. CRAWFORD is a Professor of Applied Linguistics at Northern Arizona University and Director of the Program in Intensive English. His research spans corpus linguistics, second language writing, and task-based language teaching. His recent works include Doing Corpus Linguistics and Teaching Grammar. MARCELLA CAPRARIO is an Assistant Professor of TESOL at Wenzhou-Kean University. Her research interests include Global Englishes, pragmatics, and language attitudes at the crossroads of applied linguistics, intercultural communication, and language education. Her work has appeared in journals such as TESOL Quarterly, Contrastive Pragmatics, and The Language Learning Journal.

• Preface ixAcknowledgments xiPart I Understanding English as a Lingua Franca 11 Introduction: Doing English as a Lingua Franca Research 32 What Is English as a Lingua Franca? 113 Historical Perspectives on English as a Lingua Franca. 334 English as a Lingua Franca and Linguistic Systems 565 English as a Lingua Franca: Language Attitudes and Educational Policy 79Part II Doing English as a Lingua Franca Research 1056 Survey of Research on English as a Lingua Franca. 1077 Choosing a Topic and Structuring Your Project. 1328 Sharing Your Project 1499 Looking Forward in English as a Lingua Franca Research 159Selected Sources 165Glossary 171References 181Index 190