Fundamentals of Building Construction

Edward Allen, FAIA, taught for more than thirty-five years as a faculty member at Yale University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He designed more than fifty constructed buildings and was an invited guest at institutions in the United States, South America, Europe, and Asia. Joseph Iano is a practicing architect, author, and photographer. He has taught design and technology in schools of architecture throughout the United States and is the founder of a Seattle-based firm that provides technical and quality management consulting to the design and construction industry.

• Preface to the Eighth Edition xvAbout the Companion Website xvii1 Making Buildings 3Learning to Build 4Buildings and the Environment 4Other Sustainable Building Programs and Standards 8The Work of the Design Professional 12The Work of the Construction Professional 20Trends in the Delivery of Design and Construction Services 272 Foundations and Sitework 33Foundation Requirements 34Earth Materials 35Sustainability and Foundations and Sitework 41Earthwork and Excavation 42Foundations 50Foundations as Building Enclosure 63Sitework 70Designing Foundations 74Foundations and the Building Code 743 Wood 79Trees 80Sustainability and Wood 84Lumber 84Wood Fasteners and Adhesives 96Wood Product Adhesives and Formaldehyde 102Manufactured Wood Components 103Protecting Wood from Decay and Fire 112Chemical Wood Preservative Treatments 113Factory Prefabrication 114Case Study 121French American School                           4 Heavy Timber and Mass Timber Construction 125Building with Large Wood Members 126Calculating the Fire Resistance of Wood Members 130Heavy Timber and Mass Timber in the Building Code 130Connecting Large Wood Members 132Sustainability and Heavy Timber and Mass Timber Construction 134Connecting Mass Timber Panels 139Heavy Timber and Mass Timber Floors and Walls 142Lateral Stability 144Accommodating Building Services 145Mass Timber–Concrete Composite Construction 145Constructing Mass Timber Buildings 147Long Spans with Mass Timber Construction 147Preliminary Design of Heavy Timber and Mass Timber Structures 1515 Wood Light Frame Construction 155History 157The Platform Frame 158Sustainability and Wood Light Frame Construction 160Foundations for Wood Light Frame Structures 160Building the Frame 169Variations on Wood Light Frame Construction 194Preliminary Design of Wood Light Frame Structures 203Wood Light Frame Construction and the Building Codes 204Uniqueness of Wood Light Frame Construction 2066 Exterior Finishes for Wood Light Frame Construction 213Protection from the Weather 214Roofing 215Windows and Doors 221Paints and Coatings 224Siding 228Exterior Trim 235Sealing Exterior Joints 235Sustainability and Exterior Finishes for Wood Light Frame Construction 237Exterior Painting, Finish Grading, and Landscaping 237Protection from Wildfire 237Exterior Construction 2387 Interior Finishes for Wood Light Frame Construction 243Completing the Building Enclosure 251Sustainability and Insulation Materials for Wood Light Frame Construction 258Wall and Ceiling Finish 261Millwork and Finish Carpentry 261Proportioning Stairs 270Fireplaces and Stoves 272Flooring and Ceramic Tile Work 272Finishing Touches 2768 Brick Masonry 281History 282Mortar 284Sustainability and Brick Masonry 287Brick 288Earthen and Bio- Based Material Construction 294Brick Masonry 297Masonry Wall Construction 3129 Stone and Concrete Masonry 321Stone Masonry 322Sustainability and Stone and Concrete Masonry 336Concrete Masonry 337Other Types of Masonry Units 347Masonry Wall Construction 34810 Masonry Wall Construction 353Types of Masonry Walls 354Preliminary Design of Loadbearing Masonry Structures 362Spanning Systems for Masonry Bearing Wall Construction 362Detailing Masonry Walls 366Special Problems of Masonry Construction 369Movement Joints in Buildings 372Masonry Paving 376Masonry and the Building Codes 378Uniqueness of Masonry 37811 Steel Frame Construction 383History 384The Material Steel 386Preliminary Design of Steel Structures 389Joining Steel Members 397Details of Steel Framing 402The Construction Process 412Fire Protection of Steel Framing 426Longer Spans and Higher- Capacity Columns in Steel 430Fabric Structures 437Steel and the Building Codes 440Sustainability and Steel Frame Construction 441Uniqueness of Steel 44112 Light Gauge Steel Frame Construction 447The Concept of Light Gauge Steel Construction 448Sustainability and Light Gauge Steel Framing 449Light Gauge Steel Framing 450Other Uses of Light Gauge Steel Framing 459Preliminary Design of Light Gauge Steel Frame Structures 461Insulating Light Gauge Steel Frame Structures 461Finishes for Light Gauge Steel Framing 462Advantages and Disadvantages of Light Gauge Steel Framing 462Light Gauge Steel Framing and the Building Codes 462Metals in Architecture 464Case Study 470Camera Obscura at Mitchell Park, Greenport, New York13 Concrete Construction 475History 476Cement and Concrete 477Sustainability and Concrete Construction 480Making and Placing Concrete 483Formwork 487Reinforcing 488Concrete Creep 502Prestressing 502Concrete Standards 507Innovations in Concrete 50714 Sitecast Concrete Framing Systems 513Casting a Concrete Slab on Grade 515Casting a Concrete Wall 520Casting a Concrete Column 524One- Way Floor and Roof Framing Systems 525Two- Way Floor and Roof Framing Systems 534Sitecast Posttensioned Framing Systems 541Other Types of Sitecast Concrete 542Cutting Concrete, Stone, and Masonry 548Longer Spans in Sitecast Concrete 550Designing Economical Sitecast Concrete Buildings 552Preliminary Design of Sitecast Concrete Structures 553Sitecast Concrete and the Building Codes 553Uniqueness of Sitecast Concrete 55315 Precast Concrete Framing Systems 559Precast, Prestressed Concrete Structural Elements 561Preliminary Design of Precast Concrete Structures 563Assembly Concepts for Precast Concrete Buildings 563Manufacture of Precast Concrete Structural Elements 564Fastening to Concrete 570Joining Precast Concrete Members 572Composite Precast/Sitecast Concrete Construction 584The Construction Process 584Precast Concrete and the Building Codes 584Sustainability and Precast Concrete Framing Systems 585Uniqueness of Precast Concrete 58616 Designing the Building Enclosure 595Requirements of the Building Enclosure 596Keeping Water Out 600Sustainability and the Building Enclosure 603Controlling the Flow of Heat 605Controlling Air Leakage 608Controlling the Diffusion of Water Vapor 611Control Layers in the Building Enclosure 615Sealing Joints 615          Case Study 622Developing Mass Timber Curtain Wall Systems17 Roofing 627Low- Slope Roofs 629Sustainability and Roofing 634Steep Roofs 648Cool Roofs 662Green Roofs 663Dissimilar Metals and Galvanic Corrosion 664Photovoltaic Systems 667Roofing and the Building Codes 66918 Glass and Glazing 673History 674The Material Glass 677Sustainability and Glass 677Other Types of Glass 687Glazing 687Glass and Energy 690Glass and the Building Codes 697Case Study: 702Skating Rink at Yerba Buena Gardens19 Windows and Doors 707Windows 708Plastics in Building Construction 715Sustainability and Windows and Doors 721Doors 721Other Window and Door Requirements 72720 Cladding with Masonry and Concrete 735Brick and Other Clay Masonry Curtain Walls 736Stone Curtain Walls 743Precast Concrete Curtain Walls 747Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems 750Case Study 754Seattle University School of Law21 Cladding with Metal and Glass 759Aluminum 760Sustainability and Cladding with Metal and Glass 765Aluminum and Glass Framing Systems 766An Outside Glazed Curtain Wall System 772Other Metal and Glass Cladding Systems 775The Curtain Wall Design Process 775Metal Panel Cladding 77622 Selecting Interior Finishes 785Installation of Mechanical and Electrical Services 786Sustainability and Interior Finishes 788The Sequence of Interior Finishing Operations 788Selecting Interior Finishes 789Other Surface Flammability Criteria 793Long- Term Trends in Interior Finish Systems 79623 Interior Walls and Partitions 799Interior Walls and Fire Criteria 800Partition Framing 801Sustainability and Gypsum and Other Wall Covering Products 804Plaster Partitions 805Gypsum Board Partitions 815Plaster Ornament 816Masonry Partitions 825Wall and Partition Facings 82624 Finish Ceilings and Floors 833Finish Ceilings 834Types of Ceilings 835Sustainability and Finish Ceilings and Floors 843Finish Flooring 844Finish Flooring Materials 846Appendix 862Glossary 864Index 895