Dr. Renu Mishra is an Associate Professor at Sharda University, Greater Noida, India. She holds a Ph.D. in Information Technology and has more than 17 years of teaching experience. Her research focuses on blockchain technology, cryptography, wireless sensor networks, and cybersecurity. She has published extensively in international journals and conferences. Girdhar Mishra is a MuleSoft Integration Architect at IBM Pvt, Noida, India, with expertise in system architecture and blockchain integration. His professional experience spans enterprise-level IT solutions, system security, and decentralized applications. Dr. Sandeep Saxena is the Head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Greater Noida Institute of Technology (GNIOT), India. With over 16 years of academic and research experience, he specializes in security and privacy in blockchain, cloud computing, and AI applications in healthcare. He has authored numerous publications and book chapters on emerging technologies. Dr. Parma Nand is the Dean of the School of Engineering and Technology at Sharda University, India. With nearly three decades of experience in academia and industry, he has published more than 150 research papers and is active in international research collaborations. His research focuses on distributed computing, algorithm design, and wireless networking.

• List of Contributors xixAbout the Editors xxiiiPreface xxvAcknowledgments xxvii1 Revolutionizing Healthcare: Smart Electronic Health Records in the Digital Age 1Saumya Chaturvedi, Deeba Shamim Jairajpuri, and Raveena Yadav1.1 Introduction 11.2 Background Concept of EHRs 21.3 The Evolution of EHRs 31.4 Modern EHRs and Intelligent Health Ecosystem 41.5 Components of the EHR 121.6 Technologies Involved in Electronic Health Records 151.7 EHR Systems and Challenges 171.8 Foundational Technologies Powering Current EHR Systems 221.9 Emerging and Future Paradigms Shaping EHR Innovation 241.10 Conclusion 29References 302 Understanding Patient Trust and Cybersecurity in Healthcare 31Sandeep Saxena, Arun Kumar Singh, and Lokendra Tiwari2.1 Introduction 312.2 Cyberthreats and Their Impact on Patient Trust in Healthcare 332.3 Literature Survey 362.4 Core Principles of Patient Trust 402.5 Trust and Privacy-Preserving Mechanism in Modern Healthcare 422.6 Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Modern Healthcare 432.7 Conclusion 47References 483 Artificial Intelligence in e-Healthcare 51Mamta Narwaria, Ramneet Kaur, Deepshikha Patel, and Amrit Agrawal3.1 Introduction 513.2 Features of AI in e-Health 563.3 Trustworthy and Responsible AI in e-Healthcare 583.4 Personalized Treatment Plans 703.5 Robotic Surgery 713.6 Opportunity, Challenges, and Considerations of AI in e-Health 713.7 Case Studies and Success Stories 733.8 Future Trends and Innovations 793.9 Conclusion and Future Directions 80References 804 Blockchain in e-Healthcare 83Renu Mishra, Vimal Kumar Dwivedi, Alex Norta, and Sushmita Mandal4.1 Introduction 834.2 Blockchain as the Foundation of Next-Generation Healthcare Systems 844.3 Blockchain Models and Their Applications in Healthcare 874.4 Enhancing Patient Data Privacy and Access Control with Blockchain 934.5 Real-World Use Cases and Future Directions 984.6 Integration with IoT and AI for Smart Healthcare Ecosystems 1034.7 Estonia’s Blockchain-Powered eHealth System: A National Model for Secure and Interoperable Healthcare 1044.8 Conclusion and Future Work 108References 1095 Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain 113Nitima Malsa, Mridula Verma, Mayank Dixit, and Komal Malsa5.1 Introduction 1135.2 Decentralized AI Training and Blockchain 1175.3 Case Studies 1215.4 Future Trends in AI-Blockchain for Healthcare 1285.5 Challenges in Integrating AI-Blockchain in Global Healthcare 1305.6 Regulatory and Policy Implications of AI-Blockchain in Healthcare 1325.7 Best Practices for Secure and Ethical AI-Blockchain Implementation 1355.8 Conclusion 135References 1366 Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Telemedicine 141Sahil Kumar Aggarwal, Meena Sachdeva, and Davinder Kumar6.1 Introduction to the IoMT 1416.2 Extracting Knowledge from Point-of-Care (POC) Machines 1436.3 Lightweight Cryptography 1466.4 Blockchain-Based Integrity Management in IoT Monitoring 1516.5 Securing Medical IoT: Challenges and Solutions 1566.6 Regulatory and Policy Implications for IoMT and Telemedicine 1616.7 Future Trends in IoMT and Telemedicine 1676.8 Challenges in Global Integration of IoMT and Telemedicine 1706.9 Conclusion and Recommendations 174References 1777 Achieving Interoperability in Healthcare Organizations Through Enterprise Tools 179Girdhar Mishra, Shami Khan, and Aleksandr Kormiltsõn7.1 Introduction to Healthcare Interoperability 1797.2 How Interoperability Supports Healthcare 1817.3 Levels and Challenges in Establishing Interoperability 1847.4 Different Ways to Achieve Interoperability in Healthcare 1877.5 The Power of Modern and Smart APIs in Healthcare 1907.6 REST in Healthcare Interoperability 1937.7 API-Led Approach for Interoperability in MuleSoft 1957.8 Regulatory and Policy Implications of Healthcare Interoperability 1997.9 Future Trends in Healthcare Interoperability 2017.10 Challenges in Global Integration of Healthcare Interoperability 2047.11 Conclusion and Recommendations 206References 2088 Demystifying Big Data for Healthcare 217Arti Ranjan, Inderpreet Kaur, and Vishnu Sharma8.1 Introduction 2178.2 Techniques, Methodologies, and Algorithms in Big Data 2218.3 Big Data-Based Frameworks for Healthcare Systems 2298.4 Predictive Analysis and Modeling in Healthcare Systems 2308.5 The Development of Healthcare Decision Support Systems 2358.6 Conclusion 2418.7 Future Scope 242References 242Index 245

Dr. Renu Mishra is an Associate Professor at Sharda University, Greater Noida, India. She holds a Ph.D. in Information Technology and has more than 17 years of teaching experience. Her research focuses on blockchain technology, cryptography, wireless sensor networks, and cybersecurity. She has published extensively in international journals and conferences. Girdhar Mishra is a MuleSoft Integration Architect at IBM Pvt, Noida, India, with expertise in system architecture and blockchain integration. His professional experience spans enterprise-level IT solutions, system security, and decentralized applications. Dr. Sandeep Saxena is the Head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Greater Noida Institute of Technology (GNIOT), India. With over 16 years of academic and research experience, he specializes in security and privacy in blockchain, cloud computing, and AI applications in healthcare. He has authored numerous publications and book chapters on emerging technologies. Dr. Parma Nand is the Dean of the School of Engineering and Technology at Sharda University, India. With nearly three decades of experience in academia and industry, he has published more than 150 research papers and is active in international research collaborations. His research focuses on distributed computing, algorithm design, and wireless networking.

• List of Contributors xixAbout the Editors xxiiiPreface xxvAcknowledgments xxvii1 Revolutionizing Healthcare: Smart Electronic Health Records in the Digital Age 1Saumya Chaturvedi, Deeba Shamim Jairajpuri, and Raveena Yadav1.1 Introduction 11.2 Background Concept of EHRs 21.3 The Evolution of EHRs 31.4 Modern EHRs and Intelligent Health Ecosystem 41.5 Components of the EHR 121.6 Technologies Involved in Electronic Health Records 151.7 EHR Systems and Challenges 171.8 Foundational Technologies Powering Current EHR Systems 221.9 Emerging and Future Paradigms Shaping EHR Innovation 241.10 Conclusion 29References 302 Understanding Patient Trust and Cybersecurity in Healthcare 31Sandeep Saxena, Arun Kumar Singh, and Lokendra Tiwari2.1 Introduction 312.2 Cyberthreats and Their Impact on Patient Trust in Healthcare 332.3 Literature Survey 362.4 Core Principles of Patient Trust 402.5 Trust and Privacy-Preserving Mechanism in Modern Healthcare 422.6 Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Modern Healthcare 432.7 Conclusion 47References 483 Artificial Intelligence in e-Healthcare 51Mamta Narwaria, Ramneet Kaur, Deepshikha Patel, and Amrit Agrawal3.1 Introduction 513.2 Features of AI in e-Health 563.3 Trustworthy and Responsible AI in e-Healthcare 583.4 Personalized Treatment Plans 703.5 Robotic Surgery 713.6 Opportunity, Challenges, and Considerations of AI in e-Health 713.7 Case Studies and Success Stories 733.8 Future Trends and Innovations 793.9 Conclusion and Future Directions 80References 804 Blockchain in e-Healthcare 83Renu Mishra, Vimal Kumar Dwivedi, Alex Norta, and Sushmita Mandal4.1 Introduction 834.2 Blockchain as the Foundation of Next-Generation Healthcare Systems 844.3 Blockchain Models and Their Applications in Healthcare 874.4 Enhancing Patient Data Privacy and Access Control with Blockchain 934.5 Real-World Use Cases and Future Directions 984.6 Integration with IoT and AI for Smart Healthcare Ecosystems 1034.7 Estonia’s Blockchain-Powered eHealth System: A National Model for Secure and Interoperable Healthcare 1044.8 Conclusion and Future Work 108References 1095 Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain 113Nitima Malsa, Mridula Verma, Mayank Dixit, and Komal Malsa5.1 Introduction 1135.2 Decentralized AI Training and Blockchain 1175.3 Case Studies 1215.4 Future Trends in AI-Blockchain for Healthcare 1285.5 Challenges in Integrating AI-Blockchain in Global Healthcare 1305.6 Regulatory and Policy Implications of AI-Blockchain in Healthcare 1325.7 Best Practices for Secure and Ethical AI-Blockchain Implementation 1355.8 Conclusion 135References 1366 Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Telemedicine 141Sahil Kumar Aggarwal, Meena Sachdeva, and Davinder Kumar6.1 Introduction to the IoMT 1416.2 Extracting Knowledge from Point-of-Care (POC) Machines 1436.3 Lightweight Cryptography 1466.4 Blockchain-Based Integrity Management in IoT Monitoring 1516.5 Securing Medical IoT: Challenges and Solutions 1566.6 Regulatory and Policy Implications for IoMT and Telemedicine 1616.7 Future Trends in IoMT and Telemedicine 1676.8 Challenges in Global Integration of IoMT and Telemedicine 1706.9 Conclusion and Recommendations 174References 1777 Achieving Interoperability in Healthcare Organizations Through Enterprise Tools 179Girdhar Mishra, Shami Khan, and Aleksandr Kormiltsõn7.1 Introduction to Healthcare Interoperability 1797.2 How Interoperability Supports Healthcare 1817.3 Levels and Challenges in Establishing Interoperability 1847.4 Different Ways to Achieve Interoperability in Healthcare 1877.5 The Power of Modern and Smart APIs in Healthcare 1907.6 REST in Healthcare Interoperability 1937.7 API-Led Approach for Interoperability in MuleSoft 1957.8 Regulatory and Policy Implications of Healthcare Interoperability 1997.9 Future Trends in Healthcare Interoperability 2017.10 Challenges in Global Integration of Healthcare Interoperability 2047.11 Conclusion and Recommendations 206References 2088 Demystifying Big Data for Healthcare 217Arti Ranjan, Inderpreet Kaur, and Vishnu Sharma8.1 Introduction 2178.2 Techniques, Methodologies, and Algorithms in Big Data 2218.3 Big Data-Based Frameworks for Healthcare Systems 2298.4 Predictive Analysis and Modeling in Healthcare Systems 2308.5 The Development of Healthcare Decision Support Systems 2358.6 Conclusion 2418.7 Future Scope 242References 242Index 245

Dr. Renu Mishra is an Associate Professor at Sharda University, Greater Noida, India. She holds a Ph.D. in Information Technology and has more than 17 years of teaching experience. Her research focuses on blockchain technology, cryptography, wireless sensor networks, and cybersecurity. She has published extensively in international journals and conferences. Girdhar Mishra is a MuleSoft Integration Architect at IBM Pvt, Noida, India, with expertise in system architecture and blockchain integration. His professional experience spans enterprise-level IT solutions, system security, and decentralized applications. Dr. Sandeep Saxena is the Head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Greater Noida Institute of Technology (GNIOT), India. With over 16 years of academic and research experience, he specializes in security and privacy in blockchain, cloud computing, and AI applications in healthcare. He has authored numerous publications and book chapters on emerging technologies. Dr. Parma Nand is the Dean of the School of Engineering and Technology at Sharda University, India. With nearly three decades of experience in academia and industry, he has published more than 150 research papers and is active in international research collaborations. His research focuses on distributed computing, algorithm design, and wireless networking.

• List of Contributors xixAbout the Editors xxiiiPreface xxvAcknowledgments xxvii1 Revolutionizing Healthcare: Smart Electronic Health Records in the Digital Age 1Saumya Chaturvedi, Deeba Shamim Jairajpuri, and Raveena Yadav1.1 Introduction 11.2 Background Concept of EHRs 21.3 The Evolution of EHRs 31.4 Modern EHRs and Intelligent Health Ecosystem 41.5 Components of the EHR 121.6 Technologies Involved in Electronic Health Records 151.7 EHR Systems and Challenges 171.8 Foundational Technologies Powering Current EHR Systems 221.9 Emerging and Future Paradigms Shaping EHR Innovation 241.10 Conclusion 29References 302 Understanding Patient Trust and Cybersecurity in Healthcare 31Sandeep Saxena, Arun Kumar Singh, and Lokendra Tiwari2.1 Introduction 312.2 Cyberthreats and Their Impact on Patient Trust in Healthcare 332.3 Literature Survey 362.4 Core Principles of Patient Trust 402.5 Trust and Privacy-Preserving Mechanism in Modern Healthcare 422.6 Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Modern Healthcare 432.7 Conclusion 47References 483 Artificial Intelligence in e-Healthcare 51Mamta Narwaria, Ramneet Kaur, Deepshikha Patel, and Amrit Agrawal3.1 Introduction 513.2 Features of AI in e-Health 563.3 Trustworthy and Responsible AI in e-Healthcare 583.4 Personalized Treatment Plans 703.5 Robotic Surgery 713.6 Opportunity, Challenges, and Considerations of AI in e-Health 713.7 Case Studies and Success Stories 733.8 Future Trends and Innovations 793.9 Conclusion and Future Directions 80References 804 Blockchain in e-Healthcare 83Renu Mishra, Vimal Kumar Dwivedi, Alex Norta, and Sushmita Mandal4.1 Introduction 834.2 Blockchain as the Foundation of Next-Generation Healthcare Systems 844.3 Blockchain Models and Their Applications in Healthcare 874.4 Enhancing Patient Data Privacy and Access Control with Blockchain 934.5 Real-World Use Cases and Future Directions 984.6 Integration with IoT and AI for Smart Healthcare Ecosystems 1034.7 Estonia’s Blockchain-Powered eHealth System: A National Model for Secure and Interoperable Healthcare 1044.8 Conclusion and Future Work 108References 1095 Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain 113Nitima Malsa, Mridula Verma, Mayank Dixit, and Komal Malsa5.1 Introduction 1135.2 Decentralized AI Training and Blockchain 1175.3 Case Studies 1215.4 Future Trends in AI-Blockchain for Healthcare 1285.5 Challenges in Integrating AI-Blockchain in Global Healthcare 1305.6 Regulatory and Policy Implications of AI-Blockchain in Healthcare 1325.7 Best Practices for Secure and Ethical AI-Blockchain Implementation 1355.8 Conclusion 135References 1366 Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Telemedicine 141Sahil Kumar Aggarwal, Meena Sachdeva, and Davinder Kumar6.1 Introduction to the IoMT 1416.2 Extracting Knowledge from Point-of-Care (POC) Machines 1436.3 Lightweight Cryptography 1466.4 Blockchain-Based Integrity Management in IoT Monitoring 1516.5 Securing Medical IoT: Challenges and Solutions 1566.6 Regulatory and Policy Implications for IoMT and Telemedicine 1616.7 Future Trends in IoMT and Telemedicine 1676.8 Challenges in Global Integration of IoMT and Telemedicine 1706.9 Conclusion and Recommendations 174References 1777 Achieving Interoperability in Healthcare Organizations Through Enterprise Tools 179Girdhar Mishra, Shami Khan, and Aleksandr Kormiltsõn7.1 Introduction to Healthcare Interoperability 1797.2 How Interoperability Supports Healthcare 1817.3 Levels and Challenges in Establishing Interoperability 1847.4 Different Ways to Achieve Interoperability in Healthcare 1877.5 The Power of Modern and Smart APIs in Healthcare 1907.6 REST in Healthcare Interoperability 1937.7 API-Led Approach for Interoperability in MuleSoft 1957.8 Regulatory and Policy Implications of Healthcare Interoperability 1997.9 Future Trends in Healthcare Interoperability 2017.10 Challenges in Global Integration of Healthcare Interoperability 2047.11 Conclusion and Recommendations 206References 2088 Demystifying Big Data for Healthcare 217Arti Ranjan, Inderpreet Kaur, and Vishnu Sharma8.1 Introduction 2178.2 Techniques, Methodologies, and Algorithms in Big Data 2218.3 Big Data-Based Frameworks for Healthcare Systems 2298.4 Predictive Analysis and Modeling in Healthcare Systems 2308.5 The Development of Healthcare Decision Support Systems 2358.6 Conclusion 2418.7 Future Scope 242References 242Index 245