PERMA+4

Stewart I. Donaldson, PhD, is a Distinguished University Professor, President of the Claremont Flourishing Center, and Executive Director of the Claremont Evaluation Center and The Evaluators’ Institute at Claremont Graduate University. His leadership in advancing well-being research has earned him numerous awards and accolades worldwide. Vicki Cabrera, PhD, is a Research Fellow at Claremont Graduate University and Principal Well-being and Social Impact Consultant, Evaluator, and Researcher at Vicki Cabrera Consulting. She is an expert in well-being science, positive psychology, organizational psychology, and program evaluation and design. An award-winning scholar-practitioner, Dr. Cabrera also conducts scholarly research and has published articles and book chapters in leading journals.

• About the Authors xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgements xix1 A Fresh Look at the Science of Well- Being and Positive Functioning 1A Fresh New Look at Feeling and Doing Well in Life 1PERMA+4 Building Blocks of Well-Being and Optimal Functioning 2Human Flourishing 4Human Suffering 6Human Struggling 7Human Languishing 8Human Thriving 9Measuring Human Flourishing 10Why Is Well-Being Important? 12How to Use This Book 14Conclusion 14References 152 Positive Emotions 17What Are Positive Emotions? 18Circumplex Model of Emotions 19Why Positive Emotions Are a Building Block of Well-Being 22The Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions 23How to Leverage the Power of Positive Emotions to Improve Well-Being 24Apply What You Learned About Positive Emotions 26Learn More About Positive Emotions 26Key Takeaways 26References 273 Engagement and Flow 31What Are Engagement and Flow? 33The Difference Between Engagement and Flow 34Why Is Flow a Building Block of Well-Being? 35How to Create More Experiences of Engagement and Flow to Care for Your Well-Being 36How to Create the Conditions of Flow for Others 38Apply What You Learned About Engagement and Flow 38Learn More About Engagement and Flow 39Key Takeaways 39References 394 Positive Relationships 41What Are Positive Relationships? 42What About at School or Work? 42Why are Positive Relationships a Building Block of Well-Being 43How to Build and Nurture More Positive Relationships 44Apply What You Learned About Positive Relationships 45Learn More About Positive Relationships 45Key Takeaways 46References 465 Meaning and Purpose 49What Is Meaning and Purpose? 50What Exactly Is Meaning? 50Why Does Meaning and Purpose Matter? 51Why Is Meaning and Purpose a Building Block of Human Flourishing? 51How to Develop Meaning and Purpose 52Apply What You Learned About Meaning and Purpose 53Learn More About Meaning and Purpose 54Key Takeaways 54References 556 Achievement 57What Is Achievement? 58Why Is Achievement a Building Block of Human Flourishing? 59Achievement in the Workplace 60How to Nurture Achievement 61Apply What You Learned About Achievement 61Learn More About Achievement 62Key Takeaways 62References 637 Physical Health 65What Is Physical Health? 66Why Is Physical Health Important for Well-Being? 67How to Improve and Maintain Physical Health 68Take It One Step at a Time 69Apply What You Learned About Physical Health 70Learn More About Physical Health 70Key Takeaways 70References 718 Positive Mindset 73A Real-World Journey of Growth 73What Is a Positive Mindset? 74Why Is a Positive Mindset Important for Well-Being? 76How to Develop and Maintain a Positive Mindset 77The Psychological Capital Intervention (PCI) Model 79Apply What You Learned About Mindset 81Learn More About Mindset 81Key Takeaways 81References 829 Environment 85What Is the Environment Building Block? 87Why Your Environment Is a Building Block of Human Flourishing 87How to Improve Your Environment to Support Your Well-Being 88Apply What You Learned About Your Environment 90Learn More About Environment 90Key Takeaways 90References 9110 Economic Security 93What Is Economic Security? 94Why Economic Security Is Crucial for Well-Being 95The Research on Economic Security and Life Satisfaction 96How to Improve Economic Security 96Apply What You Learned About Economic Security 98Learn More About Economic Security 98Key Takeaways 98References 9911 PERMA+4 Science: Why It Is Important to Monitor & Assess Well- Being 101Science: A Simple Guide 102The Science of Positive Psychology and PERMA+4 103Validated Research Measures 106The PERMA+4 Scale 106The PERMA+4 Short Scale 108The Satisfaction with Life Scale 108The Flourishing Scale 109The Global Flourishing Index 109Practical Tools for Developing and Monitoring Your PERMA+ 4 and Well-Being 110How to Score the Cantril’s Ladder 113How to Interpret Your Cantril’s Ladder Scores 113Conclusion 114Key Takeaways 115References 11612 Activities to Develop PERMA + 4 119How to Use This Chapter 120How This Chapter Is Organized 120Positive Emotions 120Personal Activities 120Activities for Others 121Engagement and Flow 122Personal Activities 122Activities for Others 123Positive Relationships 123Personal Activities 123Activities for Others 124Meaning and Purpose 125Personal Activities 125Activities for Others 125Achievement 126Personal Activities 126Activities for Others 127Physical Health 127Personal Activities 127Activities for Others 128Mindset 129Personal Activities 129Activities for Others 130Environment 130Personal Activities 130Activities for Others 131Economic Security 132Personal Activities 132Activities for Others 133Activities That Develop Multiple PERMA + 4 Building Blocks 133Personal Activities 133Activities for Others 134Resources for More Activities to Strengthen PERMA + 4 Building Blocks 135Key Takeaways 135PERMA+4 Activities Resources 135Books 135Journal Articles 136References 13913 More PERMA+4 Resources 143The PERMA Framework 144Journal Articles 144Books 145Measures 145Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video, and Audio Materials 145The PERMA+4 Framework 146Journal Articles 146Books 147Measures 148PERMA+4 Short Scale 148Positive Functioning at Work Scale—Spanish Version 148Positive Functioning at Work Scale – German Version (PFW-DE) 148Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video and Audio Materials 148Positive Emotions 149Journal Articles 149Books 150Measures 151Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video and Audio Materials 152Engagement and Flow 153Journal Articles 153Books and Book Chapters 154Chapters 154Measures 155Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video and Audio Materials 156Positive Relationships 157Journal Articles 158Books and Book Chapters 158Books 159Measures 159Digital Resources: Websites, Video & Audio Materials 160Meaning and Purpose 161Journal Articles 161Books 162Measures 163Digital Resources: Websites, Video & Audio Materials 163Achievement 164Journal Articles 164Books 165Measures 166Digital Resources: Videos, Podcasts, and Websites 166Physical Health 167Journal Articles 167Books 168Measures 168Digital Resources: Videos, Podcasts, and Websites 169Mindset 170Journal Articles 170Books 171Measures 172Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video and Audio Materials 172Environment 173Journal Articles 173Books 174Measures 174Digital Resources: Videos, Podcasts, and Websites 175Economic Security 175Journal Articles 175Books 176Measures 176Digital Resources: Videos, Podcasts, and Websites 177Key Takeaways 177References 178Index 179