Dr. Arvind Kumar Mungray is Professor in the Chemical Engineering Department at Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat (SV-NIT) Surat, Gujarat, India. Dr. Alka A. Mungray is a Professor in Chemical Engineering Department at Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology SV-NIT, Surat, Gujarat, India. Dr. Ambika Arkatkar is an Assistant Professor at Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University (VNSGU), Surat, Gujarat, India. Dr. Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem is a Professor in the Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering at the University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.

• List of Contributors xiPreface xxiAcknowledgments xxiii1 The Centralized Systems and Strategies for Wastewater Treatment: Overview 1Srishti Mishra, Anil Dhanda, Brajesh K. Dubey, and Makarand M. Ghangrekar2 Linear and Circular Economy Strategies for Waste Treatment: Fundamentals 17Abhishek, Anag Katiyar, Ishwar Sharan, Tezna Singh, Hanshika, Parul, Ashish Yadav, and Vimal Chandra Srivastava3 Infrastructure Requirement and Regulatory Framework for Wastewater Management System 73Utkarsh Dubey, Divyani Pathak, Sanjay Kumar Gupta, and Bhaskar Singh4 Sewage Composition and Treatment: Economic Burden and Future Implications 95Soumyajit Chandra, Soumya Pandit, and Abdurrasheed Abubakar Yunus5 Conventional Physical and Chemical Treatment Technologies and Economic Implications 119Mohamed Sameh El-harty, Ahmed Salah Elkomy, and Nabila Shehata6 Conventional Biological Treatment Technologies and Economic Implications 145Sachin Chunchu, Soubhagya Nayak, Nayan Babulal Gadling, Sudipa Bhadra, Soujanya Jonnalagadda, Venkateswara Rao Polisetty, and Surajbhan Sevdav7 Composition of Industrial Wastewater and Its Conventional Treatment Facility 167Heba A. Younes and Nabila Shehata8 Legal Framework and Industrial Insight for Treatment of Waste 189Saji Simon, Bibin K. Suresh, Anusree P. C., Anantha Singh T. S., George K. Varghese, and Nidheesh P. V.9 Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Environmental and Economic Implications 213Mona Ebaid, Ghada Abdallah, Nabila Shehata, and Michael Kornaros10 Case Study for Wastewater Treatment 235Nabila Shehata and Rania Osama11 Sewage a Wasting Resource: Need to Rethink 253Olfat Saied, Tabbi Wilberforce, and Nabila Shehata12 Wastewater as a Source of Different Forms of Energy: Resource Recovery, Circular Economy and/or Cleaner Production Perspectives from the Mining and Food Processing Industry 269Quinnetta Blessing Clement, Abayomi B. C. Grant, Abubakar M. Bilyaminu, Hector García Hernandez, Alka A. Mungray, Arvind Kumar Mungray, Eldon R. Rene, and Anina James13 Utilization of Industrial Wastewater as an Input for Resource Recovery 295Ahmed Salah Elkomy and Nabila Shehata14 Decentralized Systems for Resource Recovery: Water Recovery Strategies from Wastewater 313Upexa Patel, Ambika Arkatkar, Pankaj Pardeshi, Alka A. Mungray, and Arvind Kumar Mungray15 Conversion Strategies for Utilization of Wastewater as a Fertilizer 337Sudeeptha Girijan, K. Hasim Suhaib, M. Devasena, and Praveena Gangadharan16 Contribution of Modern Biological Sewage Resource Recovery Technologies in Circular Economy of Water 369Minh-Ky Nguyen, Quoc-Minh Truong, The-Anh Luu, Van-Giang Le, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Minh-Thuan Pham, and D. Duc Nguyen17 Adopting Conventional and Modern Water Treatment Technologies to Achieve Circular Economy by Resource Recovery 385Hebatullah H. Farghal, Asmaa Ali, Nabila Shehata, and Mayyada El-Sayed18 Resource Recovery from Urine and Fecal Material at On-site Treatment and Its Economic Evaluation: A Case Study 401Zavin Gajera, Monali Chhatbar, Ambika Arkatkar, Alka A. Mungray, and Arvind Kumar Mungray19 Technologies for Treatment of Wastewater: Scale-up Plant 427Nabila Shehata20 Membrane Technology Enhanced by Nanostructures for Wastewater Circular Economy 455Alaa El Din Mahmoud, Nourhan S. Sultan, Nikolay G. Chechenin, Mayar M. Osman, E. M. El-Maghraby, and E. M. Elsehly21 Economic Benefits of Source Separation of Wastewater 495Anushree R. Gahlowt, Ambika Arkatkar, and Anand Kishore Kola22 Integration of Different Technologies to Enhance the Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment 517Nabila Shehata and Davidson Egirani23 Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Modernization of Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery 533Priyanka Ray Choudhury, Muskan Syed, Alakto Choudhury, Sheetal Kumari, Abhishek Sengupta, Priyanka Narad, Smriti Agarwal, and Manoj Chandra Garg24 Sustainability and Interdependency of Multi-step Scale Up of Wastewater Treatment Technologies 561Ambika Arkatkar, Dipak A. Jadhav, Mohammed Hussein, Hai Yen Nguyen, Tasnim Eisa, Ahmed Bahaa, Arvind Kumar Mungray, and Kyu-Jung Chae25 Government Strategies to Economically Support the Cleaning of Water Bodies in India 575Abdul Gani, Athar Hussain, and Shray PathakIndex 597

Dr. Arvind Kumar Mungray is Professor in the Chemical Engineering Department at Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat (SV-NIT) Surat, Gujarat, India. Dr. Alka A. Mungray is a Professor in Chemical Engineering Department at Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology SV-NIT, Surat, Gujarat, India. Dr. Ambika Arkatkar is an Assistant Professor at Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University (VNSGU), Surat, Gujarat, India. Dr. Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem is a Professor in the Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering at the University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.

• List of Contributors xiPreface xxiAcknowledgments xxiii1 The Centralized Systems and Strategies for Wastewater Treatment: Overview 1Srishti Mishra, Anil Dhanda, Brajesh K. Dubey, and Makarand M. Ghangrekar2 Linear and Circular Economy Strategies for Waste Treatment: Fundamentals 17Abhishek, Anag Katiyar, Ishwar Sharan, Tezna Singh, Hanshika, Parul, Ashish Yadav, and Vimal Chandra Srivastava3 Infrastructure Requirement and Regulatory Framework for Wastewater Management System 73Utkarsh Dubey, Divyani Pathak, Sanjay Kumar Gupta, and Bhaskar Singh4 Sewage Composition and Treatment: Economic Burden and Future Implications 95Soumyajit Chandra, Soumya Pandit, and Abdurrasheed Abubakar Yunus5 Conventional Physical and Chemical Treatment Technologies and Economic Implications 119Mohamed Sameh El-harty, Ahmed Salah Elkomy, and Nabila Shehata6 Conventional Biological Treatment Technologies and Economic Implications 145Sachin Chunchu, Soubhagya Nayak, Nayan Babulal Gadling, Sudipa Bhadra, Soujanya Jonnalagadda, Venkateswara Rao Polisetty, and Surajbhan Sevdav7 Composition of Industrial Wastewater and Its Conventional Treatment Facility 167Heba A. Younes and Nabila Shehata8 Legal Framework and Industrial Insight for Treatment of Waste 189Saji Simon, Bibin K. Suresh, Anusree P. C., Anantha Singh T. S., George K. Varghese, and Nidheesh P. V.9 Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Environmental and Economic Implications 213Mona Ebaid, Ghada Abdallah, Nabila Shehata, and Michael Kornaros10 Case Study for Wastewater Treatment 235Nabila Shehata and Rania Osama11 Sewage a Wasting Resource: Need to Rethink 253Olfat Saied, Tabbi Wilberforce, and Nabila Shehata12 Wastewater as a Source of Different Forms of Energy: Resource Recovery, Circular Economy and/or Cleaner Production Perspectives from the Mining and Food Processing Industry 269Quinnetta Blessing Clement, Abayomi B. C. Grant, Abubakar M. Bilyaminu, Hector García Hernandez, Alka A. Mungray, Arvind Kumar Mungray, Eldon R. Rene, and Anina James13 Utilization of Industrial Wastewater as an Input for Resource Recovery 295Ahmed Salah Elkomy and Nabila Shehata14 Decentralized Systems for Resource Recovery: Water Recovery Strategies from Wastewater 313Upexa Patel, Ambika Arkatkar, Pankaj Pardeshi, Alka A. Mungray, and Arvind Kumar Mungray15 Conversion Strategies for Utilization of Wastewater as a Fertilizer 337Sudeeptha Girijan, K. Hasim Suhaib, M. Devasena, and Praveena Gangadharan16 Contribution of Modern Biological Sewage Resource Recovery Technologies in Circular Economy of Water 369Minh-Ky Nguyen, Quoc-Minh Truong, The-Anh Luu, Van-Giang Le, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Minh-Thuan Pham, and D. Duc Nguyen17 Adopting Conventional and Modern Water Treatment Technologies to Achieve Circular Economy by Resource Recovery 385Hebatullah H. Farghal, Asmaa Ali, Nabila Shehata, and Mayyada El-Sayed18 Resource Recovery from Urine and Fecal Material at On-site Treatment and Its Economic Evaluation: A Case Study 401Zavin Gajera, Monali Chhatbar, Ambika Arkatkar, Alka A. Mungray, and Arvind Kumar Mungray19 Technologies for Treatment of Wastewater: Scale-up Plant 427Nabila Shehata20 Membrane Technology Enhanced by Nanostructures for Wastewater Circular Economy 455Alaa El Din Mahmoud, Nourhan S. Sultan, Nikolay G. Chechenin, Mayar M. Osman, E. M. El-Maghraby, and E. M. Elsehly21 Economic Benefits of Source Separation of Wastewater 495Anushree R. Gahlowt, Ambika Arkatkar, and Anand Kishore Kola22 Integration of Different Technologies to Enhance the Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment 517Nabila Shehata and Davidson Egirani23 Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Modernization of Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery 533Priyanka Ray Choudhury, Muskan Syed, Alakto Choudhury, Sheetal Kumari, Abhishek Sengupta, Priyanka Narad, Smriti Agarwal, and Manoj Chandra Garg24 Sustainability and Interdependency of Multi-step Scale Up of Wastewater Treatment Technologies 561Ambika Arkatkar, Dipak A. Jadhav, Mohammed Hussein, Hai Yen Nguyen, Tasnim Eisa, Ahmed Bahaa, Arvind Kumar Mungray, and Kyu-Jung Chae25 Government Strategies to Economically Support the Cleaning of Water Bodies in India 575Abdul Gani, Athar Hussain, and Shray PathakIndex 597

Dr. Arvind Kumar Mungray is Professor in the Chemical Engineering Department at Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat (SV-NIT) Surat, Gujarat, India. Dr. Alka A. Mungray is a Professor in Chemical Engineering Department at Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology SV-NIT, Surat, Gujarat, India. Dr. Ambika Arkatkar is an Assistant Professor at Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University (VNSGU), Surat, Gujarat, India. Dr. Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem is a Professor in the Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering at the University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.

• List of Contributors xiPreface xxiAcknowledgments xxiii1 The Centralized Systems and Strategies for Wastewater Treatment: Overview 1Srishti Mishra, Anil Dhanda, Brajesh K. Dubey, and Makarand M. Ghangrekar2 Linear and Circular Economy Strategies for Waste Treatment: Fundamentals 17Abhishek, Anag Katiyar, Ishwar Sharan, Tezna Singh, Hanshika, Parul, Ashish Yadav, and Vimal Chandra Srivastava3 Infrastructure Requirement and Regulatory Framework for Wastewater Management System 73Utkarsh Dubey, Divyani Pathak, Sanjay Kumar Gupta, and Bhaskar Singh4 Sewage Composition and Treatment: Economic Burden and Future Implications 95Soumyajit Chandra, Soumya Pandit, and Abdurrasheed Abubakar Yunus5 Conventional Physical and Chemical Treatment Technologies and Economic Implications 119Mohamed Sameh El-harty, Ahmed Salah Elkomy, and Nabila Shehata6 Conventional Biological Treatment Technologies and Economic Implications 145Sachin Chunchu, Soubhagya Nayak, Nayan Babulal Gadling, Sudipa Bhadra, Soujanya Jonnalagadda, Venkateswara Rao Polisetty, and Surajbhan Sevdav7 Composition of Industrial Wastewater and Its Conventional Treatment Facility 167Heba A. Younes and Nabila Shehata8 Legal Framework and Industrial Insight for Treatment of Waste 189Saji Simon, Bibin K. Suresh, Anusree P. C., Anantha Singh T. S., George K. Varghese, and Nidheesh P. V.9 Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Environmental and Economic Implications 213Mona Ebaid, Ghada Abdallah, Nabila Shehata, and Michael Kornaros10 Case Study for Wastewater Treatment 235Nabila Shehata and Rania Osama11 Sewage a Wasting Resource: Need to Rethink 253Olfat Saied, Tabbi Wilberforce, and Nabila Shehata12 Wastewater as a Source of Different Forms of Energy: Resource Recovery, Circular Economy and/or Cleaner Production Perspectives from the Mining and Food Processing Industry 269Quinnetta Blessing Clement, Abayomi B. C. Grant, Abubakar M. Bilyaminu, Hector García Hernandez, Alka A. Mungray, Arvind Kumar Mungray, Eldon R. Rene, and Anina James13 Utilization of Industrial Wastewater as an Input for Resource Recovery 295Ahmed Salah Elkomy and Nabila Shehata14 Decentralized Systems for Resource Recovery: Water Recovery Strategies from Wastewater 313Upexa Patel, Ambika Arkatkar, Pankaj Pardeshi, Alka A. Mungray, and Arvind Kumar Mungray15 Conversion Strategies for Utilization of Wastewater as a Fertilizer 337Sudeeptha Girijan, K. Hasim Suhaib, M. Devasena, and Praveena Gangadharan16 Contribution of Modern Biological Sewage Resource Recovery Technologies in Circular Economy of Water 369Minh-Ky Nguyen, Quoc-Minh Truong, The-Anh Luu, Van-Giang Le, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Minh-Thuan Pham, and D. Duc Nguyen17 Adopting Conventional and Modern Water Treatment Technologies to Achieve Circular Economy by Resource Recovery 385Hebatullah H. Farghal, Asmaa Ali, Nabila Shehata, and Mayyada El-Sayed18 Resource Recovery from Urine and Fecal Material at On-site Treatment and Its Economic Evaluation: A Case Study 401Zavin Gajera, Monali Chhatbar, Ambika Arkatkar, Alka A. Mungray, and Arvind Kumar Mungray19 Technologies for Treatment of Wastewater: Scale-up Plant 427Nabila Shehata20 Membrane Technology Enhanced by Nanostructures for Wastewater Circular Economy 455Alaa El Din Mahmoud, Nourhan S. Sultan, Nikolay G. Chechenin, Mayar M. Osman, E. M. El-Maghraby, and E. M. Elsehly21 Economic Benefits of Source Separation of Wastewater 495Anushree R. Gahlowt, Ambika Arkatkar, and Anand Kishore Kola22 Integration of Different Technologies to Enhance the Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment 517Nabila Shehata and Davidson Egirani23 Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Modernization of Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery 533Priyanka Ray Choudhury, Muskan Syed, Alakto Choudhury, Sheetal Kumari, Abhishek Sengupta, Priyanka Narad, Smriti Agarwal, and Manoj Chandra Garg24 Sustainability and Interdependency of Multi-step Scale Up of Wastewater Treatment Technologies 561Ambika Arkatkar, Dipak A. Jadhav, Mohammed Hussein, Hai Yen Nguyen, Tasnim Eisa, Ahmed Bahaa, Arvind Kumar Mungray, and Kyu-Jung Chae25 Government Strategies to Economically Support the Cleaning of Water Bodies in India 575Abdul Gani, Athar Hussain, and Shray PathakIndex 597