Smart Hospitals

Arun Kumar, PhD is an associate professor in Electronics and Communication Engineering at the New Horizon College of Engineering in Bengaluru, India. He has over nine years of teaching experience and has published more than 80 research articles in SCI-E and Scopus Index journals. Additionally, he has successfully implemented different reduction techniques for multi-carrier waveforms such as non-orthogonal multiple-access, filterbank multicarrier, and universal filtered multicarrier waveforms and has also implemented and compared different waveform techniques for the 5G system. Currently, he is working on the requirements of a 5G-based smart hospital system. Manoj Gupta, PhD is a professor in the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Andhra Pradesh, Amravati, India. He has over 18 years of experience and has published more than 50 research papers in international journals and national and international conferences and book chapters, as well as two patent grants, five published patents, and two Indian Research Copyrights. Additionally, he is a member of numerous professional societies, serves as an editor for several reputed journals, and has been a keynote speaker at various international conferences. Sanjeev Sharma, PhD is a professor and the Dean of the Quality Assurance and Skill Development Center at the New Horizon College of Engineering. He has over seven years of industrial, 10 years of research, and 15 years of academic experience and has published more than 52 technical papers in reputed journals and conference proceedings with four international book chapters and authored books and five provisionally published patents out of 11 filed patents. Er. Himanshu Sharma, PhD is an assistant professor at the Jaipur Engineering College and Research Centre with over ten years of experience. He has published 13 SCI/Scopus Indexed international journals, as well as a patent at the national level and application for another patent with the German Patent Office. His areas of interest in research include wireless communication, spectrum sensing, detection techniques and networking. Khursheed Aurangzeb, PhD is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Engineering at the College of Computer and Information Sciences at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He has more than fifteen years of experience as an instructor and researcher in data analytics, machine and deep learning, signal processing, electronics circuits and systems, and embedded systems. He has authored and co-authored more than 70 publications and been involved in many research projects as a principal investigator and a co-principal investigator.

• 1 Smart Hospitals: Integrating Connectivity and Intelligence 1Yashwanth S., Varshini Kulkarni, Chethana H. T. and Chaitra N. C.1.1 Introduction 21.2 Implementation of Smart Hospitals 41.3 Literature Review 141.4 Conclusion 19References 202 Evolution of 5G and 6G Cellular Systems 23Kama Ramudu, Bodla Rushikesh, Pingili Shiva Chandana, B. Jagadish Kumar and Venkat Tulasi Krishna Gannavaram2.1 Introduction 242.2 Objectives of the Study 262.3 Scope and Significance 272.4 Basics of Cellular Technology 272.5 5G Technology 282.6 Towards 6G 302.7 Technologies Enabling 6G 312.8 Challenges in 6G Developments 332.9 Future Prospects and Industry Impacts 342.10 Comparative Analysis: 5G Versus 6G 362.11 Main Contribution of 5G and 6G Evolution 372.12 Limitations of 5G and 6G Cellular System 392.13 Conclusion 40References 413 A Review on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technologies in the Field of Healthcare 45Deekshitha S. Nayak and R. ShivarudraswamyAbbreviation 453.1 Introduction 463.2 Augmented Reality in Healthcare 493.3 Virtual Reality in Healthcare 523.4 Advantages of AR and VR in the Healthcare 543.5 Challenges and Future Scope 573.6 Conclusion 58References 584 Compressed Sensing Reconstruction Algorithms for Medical Images – A Comparison 61Kavitha K. J., Vishwaraj B. Manur, Suprith P. G., Mahendra S. Naik and Chaitra S. N.4.1 Introduction 614.2 Concept of Compressed Sensing Theory 724.3 Comprehensive Sensing Reconstruction Algorithms 754.4 Results and Discussion 864.5 Contribution of the Work 884.6 Limitations 884.7 Conclusion 88References 895 Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) 91Gobinath A., Rajeswari P., Suresh Kumar N. and Anandan M.5.1 Introduction: Internet of Medical Things 925.2 Wearable Devices and Sensors for IoMT 965.3 Challenges Faced in Customizing Wearable Devices 995.4 Real-World Examples of IoMT Implementation 1015.5 Conclusions 103References 1046 The Impact of 5G and 6G on Healthcare 107Rajeswari P., Gobinath A., Suresh Kumar N. and Anandan M.6.1 Introduction: The Evolution of Wireless Connectivity: A Journey from 4G to 6G 1086.2 Telemedicine and Remote Patient Monitoring 1106.3 IoT in Healthcare and Advanced Medical Imaging 1106.4 Anticipated Impact of 6G in Healthcare 1116.5 Current State of Healthcare Connectivity 1126.6 Limitations and Hurdles in Current Healthcare Communication Systems 1146.7 Impact of 5G on Healthcare 1166.8 The 6G Horizon: Unveiling the Potential Frontiers of Advanced Connectivity 1176.9 Terahertz-Frequency Communication 1176.10 Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) 1186.11 Holographic Communication 1186.12 Advanced Artificial Intelligence Integration 1196.13 Massive Device Connectivity 1196.14 Environmental and Energy Efficiency 1196.15 Designing an Antenna for Healthcare Applications 1206.16 Conclusion 122References 1237 Design and Fabrication of Vehicle Automation Systems 125Dhivya V., Karthikeyan M. and Selvam M.Nomenclatures 1267.1 Introduction 1267.2 Related Work 1277.3 Design of the Project 1287.4 Fabrication 1347.5 Conclusion 1367.6 Future Scope 137References 1378 Design and Optimization of Antennas with Improved ON–OFF Body Performance for Biomedical Applications 139A.B. Gurulakshmi, Bhawna Khokher, G. Rajesh, Sanjeev Sharma, S. Meghana, Y. Veni, S. Bhavishya and Mohammed H. Alsharif8.1 Introduction 1408.2 Literature Review 1418.3 Antenna Design 1428.4 Comparison Results 1638.5 Limitations 1668.6 Conclusion 166References 1679 Beyond 5G-Based Smart Hospitals: Integrating Connectivity and Intelligence 169Kiran Chand Ravi, G. Kavitha, Lakkakula Hari Prasad, Narni V. V. S. Srinivasa Rao, Shanmugavel Deivasigamani, Janjhyam Venkata Naga Ramesh and Shams Tabrez Siddiqui9.1 Introduction 1709.2 Related Works 1739.3 Methodology 1779.4 6G-Enabled SHS Applications and Challenges 1799.5 Future Research Directions and Recommendations 1859.6 Conclusions 188References 18810 Patient Monitoring Using 5G, with MIMO-NOMA for mm-Wave Communications in Heterogeneous Networks 195Suprith P. G., Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed, Mahendra Shridhar Naik, Kavitha K. J. and Chaitra S. N.10.1 Introduction 19610.2 Related Works 19710.3 NOMA Architecture 20210.4 Power Allocation to the 5G-Enabled NOMA Users and Hospital 20410.5 NOMA-MIMO System 20410.6 Results and Discussion 20810.7 Conclusion and Future Scope 211References 21111 A Review on the Internet of Medical Things 215Sowmith Prajwal, Tharun Salgar S., Chethana H.T. and Karthik R.11.1 Introduction 21611.2 Architecture of IoMT 21711.3 IoMT – Applications, Benefits and Challenges 22411.4 Literature Review 22911.5 Conclusion 231References 23112 6G Networks Technology: An Exhaustive Survey 235Nishant Gaur, Sumit Chakravarty and Aziz Nanthaamornphong12.1 Introduction 23612.2 Wireless Networks Evolution: 1G to 6G 24012.3 Methods 24512.4 Results and Discussion 25012.5 Conclusion 252References 25313 Smart Hospitals: Integrating Connectivity and Intelligence: A Comprehensive Study and Challenges 257Nishi Singh, Nidhi Gour and Ankit Kumar Tiwari13.1 Introduction 25813.2 Smart Hospital Challenges and Opportunities 26513.3 Smart Hospital System Design 26713.4 Smart and Connect Health 27113.5 IoT Design Architecture for Healthcare 27813.6 Conclusion 283References 28414 Exploring the Role of 6G Technology in Smart Healthcare Systems: Challenges, and Future Trends 287Sajja Suneel, Manjula K., Sowmya B. K., Venkateshmurthy B. S., Shams Tabrez Siddiqui and Lakshmana Phaneendra Maguluri14.1 Introduction 28814.2 Theoretical Background 29214.3 Taxonomy 29414.4 Key Enabling Technologies for 6G Smart Healthcare 30214.5 Research Challenges and Future Directions 30514.6 Conclusion 310References 311Index 315