Abhishek Barua is pursuing his PhD in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India. He has published more than 60 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings, as well as co-authored one book. He has presented his research work at many national and international conferences and collaborated with many academicians, research scholar professors, and industrialists to carry out research works. Kanchan Kumari, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Parala Maharaja Engineering College, Berhampur, Odisha, India. She has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience and has guided more than 10 research projects. She has published more than 25 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings and has been granted four national patents. Additionally, she has presented her research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists. Sumit Saha, PhD, is a senior scientist in the Materials Chemistry Department at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. He has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience. He has carried out more than three sponsored projects and is currently guiding three PhD scholars. He has published more than 30 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has presented his research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists. Additionally, he is a life member of the Indian Chemical Society, the Indian Science Congress Association, and the Society for Materials Chemistry. Siddharth Jeet, PhD, has more than five years of industrial experience, including product development engineering, project management, quality management, and safety engineering. He has published more than 60 research papers in international refereed journals and conference proceedings. In addition to his publications, he has presented his research work in many national and international conferences and collaborated with many academicians, research scholars, professors and industrialists to carry out his research works. Swastik Pradhan, PhD, is an assistant professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience and has guided more than 15 research projects and published more than 40 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has presented his research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists.

• Preface xviiSection 1: Institutional Safety 11 Introduction to Safety: Philosophy and Terminology 31.1 Background 31.2 Introduction 31.3 Philosophy of Safety 41.4 Safety Terminology 5References 112 Safety and Behavior at Laboratories, Workshop, and Institution 132.1 Background 132.2 Introduction 132.3 Roles and Responsibilities 142.4 Safe Lab Practices 182.5 Workshop Safety 26References 423 Globally Harmonized System (GHS): Classification and Labeling 433.1 Background 433.2 Introduction 433.3 Scope of GHS 443.4 Hazards Covered by the GHS 453.5 Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Labels 46References 574 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 594.1 Background 594.2 Introduction 594.3 Importance of Safety Data Sheet 604.4 Who Produces Safety Data? 604.5 Need of Safety Data Sheet 614.6 Responsibilities Related with the Safety Data Sheet 624.7 Contents of Safety Data Sheets 644.8 When a SDS is Obtained, What Should be Done? 70Bibliography 705 Safety in Chemical Laboratories in Academic Institutions 735.1 Background 735.2 Introduction 735.3 The RAMP Concept 745.4 Incident Prevention 765.5 Protocols for Laboratory 78References 816 First Aid and Compressed Gas Safety in Academic Institution Laboratories 836.1 Background 836.2 Introduction to First Aid at Laboratories 846.3 Introduction to Compressed Gas Cylinder Handling 89References 987 Sharps Safety at Academic Institution Laboratories 1017.1 Background 1017.2 Introduction to Sharps 1017.3 Hazards Associated with Sharps 1027.4 Occurrence of Sharps Injuries 1037.5 Prevention of Injuries Caused by Sharps 1037.6 Handling of Sharps 1047.7 Disposal of Sharps 1057.8 Reduction of Sharps 1067.9 Knowledge About the Environment During Disposal of Sharps 1077.10 First Aid for Accidents Caused Due to Sharps 108References 1108 Safety Equipment in Academic Institution Laboratories and Workshops 1118.1 Background 1118.2 Introduction 1128.3 Importance of Lab and Workshop Safety Equipment 1128.4 Purpose of Lab and Workshop Safety Equipment 1138.5 Different Types of Safety Equipment 1138.6 Regular Maintenance and Inspections of Lab Safety Equipment 172References 177Section 2: Industrial Safety 1799 Introduction to Industrial Safety Engineering 1819.1 Background 1819.2 Introduction 1819.3 Safety Engineering 1829.4 Need for Safety 1839.5 Types of Unsafe Acts 1839.6 Unsafe Working Conditions 1849.7 Safety Programs 1849.8 Stakeholders 1869.9 Accident Causation Model 1869.10 Hazard Theory 1919.11 Hazard Triangle 1929.12 Hazard Recognition 1939.13 Individual Risk and Societal Risk 1939.14 Risk Assessment 1949.15 Prevention Through Design 197Bibliography 19810 Hazard Identification and Analysis Techniques 19910.1 Background 19910.2 Introduction 19910.3 Importance of Hazard Identification 20010.4 When is it Done? 20210.5 Who Prepares Hazard Identification? 20210.6 Some Commonly Used Hazard Identification and Analysis Techniques 204References 26511 Safety Function Deployment and Quantification of Basic Events 26711.1 Background 26711.2 Introduction 26711.3 Safety Function Deployment (SFD) 26811.4 Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) 27511.5 Quantification of Basic Events 280References 28612 Human Errors: Classification, Causes, and Identification 28712.1 Background 28712.2 Introduction 28812.3 Causes of Human Error 28812.4 Identification of Human Error 29012.5 Prevention of Human Error 300References 30213 Accident: Causes, Identification, and Investigation 30313.1 Background 30313.2 Introduction 30413.3 What is an Accident and Why Should it be Investigated? 30413.4 Classification of Accident 30613.5 Different Types of Industrial Accidents 30813.6 Common Causes of Industrial Accidents 31013.7 Accident Investigation 31213.8 Importance of Conducting Accident Investigation 31413.9 Objectives of Accident Investigation 31613.10 Structure of an Accident Report 31713.11 Steps for Conducting Accident Investigation 31913.12 Different Methods of Accident Investigations 32113.13 Structure of an Accident Investigation Report 32313.14 Who Should Conduct the Accident Investigation? 32513.15 What Should be Looked at as the Cause of an Accident? 32713.16 Fact Collection for Industrial Accident Investigations 32913.17 What Should be Done if the Accidental Investigation Reveals Human Error? 331References 33314 Risk-Based Decision-Making 33514.1 Background 33514.2 Introduction 33514.3 Steps Involved in Risk-Based Decision-Making 33814.4 Importance of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34014.5 Classification of Risk in Perspective of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34114.6 Different Types of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34314.7 Advantages of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34514.8 Disadvantages of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34614.9 Applications of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34714.10 How to Make Risk-Based Decision-Making More Effective? 349References 35115 Risk-Based Maintenance 35315.1 Background 35315.2 Introduction 35415.3 Importance of Risk-Based Maintenance 35415.4 How to Conduct Risk-Based Maintenance 35615.5 Advantages of Risk-Based Maintenance 35915.6 Disadvantages of Risk-Based Maintenance 36015.7 Application of Risk-Based Maintenance in Different Areas 36215.8 How to Make Risk-Based Maintenance More Efficient? 364References 36616 Safety Key Performance Indicators 36716.1 Background 36716.2 Introduction 36716.3 Defining and Tracking Safety Key Performance Indicators 36916.4 Advantages of Safety Key Performance Indicators 39016.5 Disadvantages of Safety Key Performance Indicators 39216.6 Application of Safety Key Performance Indicators 39416.7 How to Make Safety Key Performance Indicators More Efficient? 396References 39817 Occupational Health, Safety Management Systems, and Working Conditions 40117.1 Background 40117.2 Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems 40217.3 Introduction to ISO 45001 Standard 40917.4 Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code 418References 424Index 427

Abhishek Barua is pursuing his PhD in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India. He has published more than 60 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings, as well as co-authored one book. He has presented his research work at many national and international conferences and collaborated with many academicians, research scholar professors, and industrialists to carry out research works. Kanchan Kumari, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Parala Maharaja Engineering College, Berhampur, Odisha, India. She has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience and has guided more than 10 research projects. She has published more than 25 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings and has been granted four national patents. Additionally, she has presented her research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists. Sumit Saha, PhD, is a senior scientist in the Materials Chemistry Department at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. He has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience. He has carried out more than three sponsored projects and is currently guiding three PhD scholars. He has published more than 30 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has presented his research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists. Additionally, he is a life member of the Indian Chemical Society, the Indian Science Congress Association, and the Society for Materials Chemistry. Siddharth Jeet, PhD, has more than five years of industrial experience, including product development engineering, project management, quality management, and safety engineering. He has published more than 60 research papers in international refereed journals and conference proceedings. In addition to his publications, he has presented his research work in many national and international conferences and collaborated with many academicians, research scholars, professors and industrialists to carry out his research works. Swastik Pradhan, PhD, is an assistant professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience and has guided more than 15 research projects and published more than 40 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has presented his research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists.

• Preface xviiSection 1: Institutional Safety 11 Introduction to Safety: Philosophy and Terminology 31.1 Background 31.2 Introduction 31.3 Philosophy of Safety 41.4 Safety Terminology 5References 112 Safety and Behavior at Laboratories, Workshop, and Institution 132.1 Background 132.2 Introduction 132.3 Roles and Responsibilities 142.4 Safe Lab Practices 182.5 Workshop Safety 26References 423 Globally Harmonized System (GHS): Classification and Labeling 433.1 Background 433.2 Introduction 433.3 Scope of GHS 443.4 Hazards Covered by the GHS 453.5 Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Labels 46References 574 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 594.1 Background 594.2 Introduction 594.3 Importance of Safety Data Sheet 604.4 Who Produces Safety Data? 604.5 Need of Safety Data Sheet 614.6 Responsibilities Related with the Safety Data Sheet 624.7 Contents of Safety Data Sheets 644.8 When a SDS is Obtained, What Should be Done? 70Bibliography 705 Safety in Chemical Laboratories in Academic Institutions 735.1 Background 735.2 Introduction 735.3 The RAMP Concept 745.4 Incident Prevention 765.5 Protocols for Laboratory 78References 816 First Aid and Compressed Gas Safety in Academic Institution Laboratories 836.1 Background 836.2 Introduction to First Aid at Laboratories 846.3 Introduction to Compressed Gas Cylinder Handling 89References 987 Sharps Safety at Academic Institution Laboratories 1017.1 Background 1017.2 Introduction to Sharps 1017.3 Hazards Associated with Sharps 1027.4 Occurrence of Sharps Injuries 1037.5 Prevention of Injuries Caused by Sharps 1037.6 Handling of Sharps 1047.7 Disposal of Sharps 1057.8 Reduction of Sharps 1067.9 Knowledge About the Environment During Disposal of Sharps 1077.10 First Aid for Accidents Caused Due to Sharps 108References 1108 Safety Equipment in Academic Institution Laboratories and Workshops 1118.1 Background 1118.2 Introduction 1128.3 Importance of Lab and Workshop Safety Equipment 1128.4 Purpose of Lab and Workshop Safety Equipment 1138.5 Different Types of Safety Equipment 1138.6 Regular Maintenance and Inspections of Lab Safety Equipment 172References 177Section 2: Industrial Safety 1799 Introduction to Industrial Safety Engineering 1819.1 Background 1819.2 Introduction 1819.3 Safety Engineering 1829.4 Need for Safety 1839.5 Types of Unsafe Acts 1839.6 Unsafe Working Conditions 1849.7 Safety Programs 1849.8 Stakeholders 1869.9 Accident Causation Model 1869.10 Hazard Theory 1919.11 Hazard Triangle 1929.12 Hazard Recognition 1939.13 Individual Risk and Societal Risk 1939.14 Risk Assessment 1949.15 Prevention Through Design 197Bibliography 19810 Hazard Identification and Analysis Techniques 19910.1 Background 19910.2 Introduction 19910.3 Importance of Hazard Identification 20010.4 When is it Done? 20210.5 Who Prepares Hazard Identification? 20210.6 Some Commonly Used Hazard Identification and Analysis Techniques 204References 26511 Safety Function Deployment and Quantification of Basic Events 26711.1 Background 26711.2 Introduction 26711.3 Safety Function Deployment (SFD) 26811.4 Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) 27511.5 Quantification of Basic Events 280References 28612 Human Errors: Classification, Causes, and Identification 28712.1 Background 28712.2 Introduction 28812.3 Causes of Human Error 28812.4 Identification of Human Error 29012.5 Prevention of Human Error 300References 30213 Accident: Causes, Identification, and Investigation 30313.1 Background 30313.2 Introduction 30413.3 What is an Accident and Why Should it be Investigated? 30413.4 Classification of Accident 30613.5 Different Types of Industrial Accidents 30813.6 Common Causes of Industrial Accidents 31013.7 Accident Investigation 31213.8 Importance of Conducting Accident Investigation 31413.9 Objectives of Accident Investigation 31613.10 Structure of an Accident Report 31713.11 Steps for Conducting Accident Investigation 31913.12 Different Methods of Accident Investigations 32113.13 Structure of an Accident Investigation Report 32313.14 Who Should Conduct the Accident Investigation? 32513.15 What Should be Looked at as the Cause of an Accident? 32713.16 Fact Collection for Industrial Accident Investigations 32913.17 What Should be Done if the Accidental Investigation Reveals Human Error? 331References 33314 Risk-Based Decision-Making 33514.1 Background 33514.2 Introduction 33514.3 Steps Involved in Risk-Based Decision-Making 33814.4 Importance of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34014.5 Classification of Risk in Perspective of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34114.6 Different Types of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34314.7 Advantages of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34514.8 Disadvantages of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34614.9 Applications of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34714.10 How to Make Risk-Based Decision-Making More Effective? 349References 35115 Risk-Based Maintenance 35315.1 Background 35315.2 Introduction 35415.3 Importance of Risk-Based Maintenance 35415.4 How to Conduct Risk-Based Maintenance 35615.5 Advantages of Risk-Based Maintenance 35915.6 Disadvantages of Risk-Based Maintenance 36015.7 Application of Risk-Based Maintenance in Different Areas 36215.8 How to Make Risk-Based Maintenance More Efficient? 364References 36616 Safety Key Performance Indicators 36716.1 Background 36716.2 Introduction 36716.3 Defining and Tracking Safety Key Performance Indicators 36916.4 Advantages of Safety Key Performance Indicators 39016.5 Disadvantages of Safety Key Performance Indicators 39216.6 Application of Safety Key Performance Indicators 39416.7 How to Make Safety Key Performance Indicators More Efficient? 396References 39817 Occupational Health, Safety Management Systems, and Working Conditions 40117.1 Background 40117.2 Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems 40217.3 Introduction to ISO 45001 Standard 40917.4 Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code 418References 424Index 427

Abhishek Barua is pursuing his PhD in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India. He has published more than 60 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings, as well as co-authored one book. He has presented his research work at many national and international conferences and collaborated with many academicians, research scholar professors, and industrialists to carry out research works. Kanchan Kumari, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Parala Maharaja Engineering College, Berhampur, Odisha, India. She has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience and has guided more than 10 research projects. She has published more than 25 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings and has been granted four national patents. Additionally, she has presented her research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists. Sumit Saha, PhD, is a senior scientist in the Materials Chemistry Department at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. He has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience. He has carried out more than three sponsored projects and is currently guiding three PhD scholars. He has published more than 30 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has presented his research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists. Additionally, he is a life member of the Indian Chemical Society, the Indian Science Congress Association, and the Society for Materials Chemistry. Siddharth Jeet, PhD, has more than five years of industrial experience, including product development engineering, project management, quality management, and safety engineering. He has published more than 60 research papers in international refereed journals and conference proceedings. In addition to his publications, he has presented his research work in many national and international conferences and collaborated with many academicians, research scholars, professors and industrialists to carry out his research works. Swastik Pradhan, PhD, is an assistant professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience and has guided more than 15 research projects and published more than 40 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has presented his research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists.

• Preface xviiSection 1: Institutional Safety 11 Introduction to Safety: Philosophy and Terminology 31.1 Background 31.2 Introduction 31.3 Philosophy of Safety 41.4 Safety Terminology 5References 112 Safety and Behavior at Laboratories, Workshop, and Institution 132.1 Background 132.2 Introduction 132.3 Roles and Responsibilities 142.4 Safe Lab Practices 182.5 Workshop Safety 26References 423 Globally Harmonized System (GHS): Classification and Labeling 433.1 Background 433.2 Introduction 433.3 Scope of GHS 443.4 Hazards Covered by the GHS 453.5 Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Labels 46References 574 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 594.1 Background 594.2 Introduction 594.3 Importance of Safety Data Sheet 604.4 Who Produces Safety Data? 604.5 Need of Safety Data Sheet 614.6 Responsibilities Related with the Safety Data Sheet 624.7 Contents of Safety Data Sheets 644.8 When a SDS is Obtained, What Should be Done? 70Bibliography 705 Safety in Chemical Laboratories in Academic Institutions 735.1 Background 735.2 Introduction 735.3 The RAMP Concept 745.4 Incident Prevention 765.5 Protocols for Laboratory 78References 816 First Aid and Compressed Gas Safety in Academic Institution Laboratories 836.1 Background 836.2 Introduction to First Aid at Laboratories 846.3 Introduction to Compressed Gas Cylinder Handling 89References 987 Sharps Safety at Academic Institution Laboratories 1017.1 Background 1017.2 Introduction to Sharps 1017.3 Hazards Associated with Sharps 1027.4 Occurrence of Sharps Injuries 1037.5 Prevention of Injuries Caused by Sharps 1037.6 Handling of Sharps 1047.7 Disposal of Sharps 1057.8 Reduction of Sharps 1067.9 Knowledge About the Environment During Disposal of Sharps 1077.10 First Aid for Accidents Caused Due to Sharps 108References 1108 Safety Equipment in Academic Institution Laboratories and Workshops 1118.1 Background 1118.2 Introduction 1128.3 Importance of Lab and Workshop Safety Equipment 1128.4 Purpose of Lab and Workshop Safety Equipment 1138.5 Different Types of Safety Equipment 1138.6 Regular Maintenance and Inspections of Lab Safety Equipment 172References 177Section 2: Industrial Safety 1799 Introduction to Industrial Safety Engineering 1819.1 Background 1819.2 Introduction 1819.3 Safety Engineering 1829.4 Need for Safety 1839.5 Types of Unsafe Acts 1839.6 Unsafe Working Conditions 1849.7 Safety Programs 1849.8 Stakeholders 1869.9 Accident Causation Model 1869.10 Hazard Theory 1919.11 Hazard Triangle 1929.12 Hazard Recognition 1939.13 Individual Risk and Societal Risk 1939.14 Risk Assessment 1949.15 Prevention Through Design 197Bibliography 19810 Hazard Identification and Analysis Techniques 19910.1 Background 19910.2 Introduction 19910.3 Importance of Hazard Identification 20010.4 When is it Done? 20210.5 Who Prepares Hazard Identification? 20210.6 Some Commonly Used Hazard Identification and Analysis Techniques 204References 26511 Safety Function Deployment and Quantification of Basic Events 26711.1 Background 26711.2 Introduction 26711.3 Safety Function Deployment (SFD) 26811.4 Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) 27511.5 Quantification of Basic Events 280References 28612 Human Errors: Classification, Causes, and Identification 28712.1 Background 28712.2 Introduction 28812.3 Causes of Human Error 28812.4 Identification of Human Error 29012.5 Prevention of Human Error 300References 30213 Accident: Causes, Identification, and Investigation 30313.1 Background 30313.2 Introduction 30413.3 What is an Accident and Why Should it be Investigated? 30413.4 Classification of Accident 30613.5 Different Types of Industrial Accidents 30813.6 Common Causes of Industrial Accidents 31013.7 Accident Investigation 31213.8 Importance of Conducting Accident Investigation 31413.9 Objectives of Accident Investigation 31613.10 Structure of an Accident Report 31713.11 Steps for Conducting Accident Investigation 31913.12 Different Methods of Accident Investigations 32113.13 Structure of an Accident Investigation Report 32313.14 Who Should Conduct the Accident Investigation? 32513.15 What Should be Looked at as the Cause of an Accident? 32713.16 Fact Collection for Industrial Accident Investigations 32913.17 What Should be Done if the Accidental Investigation Reveals Human Error? 331References 33314 Risk-Based Decision-Making 33514.1 Background 33514.2 Introduction 33514.3 Steps Involved in Risk-Based Decision-Making 33814.4 Importance of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34014.5 Classification of Risk in Perspective of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34114.6 Different Types of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34314.7 Advantages of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34514.8 Disadvantages of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34614.9 Applications of Risk-Based Decision-Making 34714.10 How to Make Risk-Based Decision-Making More Effective? 349References 35115 Risk-Based Maintenance 35315.1 Background 35315.2 Introduction 35415.3 Importance of Risk-Based Maintenance 35415.4 How to Conduct Risk-Based Maintenance 35615.5 Advantages of Risk-Based Maintenance 35915.6 Disadvantages of Risk-Based Maintenance 36015.7 Application of Risk-Based Maintenance in Different Areas 36215.8 How to Make Risk-Based Maintenance More Efficient? 364References 36616 Safety Key Performance Indicators 36716.1 Background 36716.2 Introduction 36716.3 Defining and Tracking Safety Key Performance Indicators 36916.4 Advantages of Safety Key Performance Indicators 39016.5 Disadvantages of Safety Key Performance Indicators 39216.6 Application of Safety Key Performance Indicators 39416.7 How to Make Safety Key Performance Indicators More Efficient? 396References 39817 Occupational Health, Safety Management Systems, and Working Conditions 40117.1 Background 40117.2 Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems 40217.3 Introduction to ISO 45001 Standard 40917.4 Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code 418References 424Index 427