Blockchain in Health Sciences

Aryan Chaudhary is the Chief Scientific Advisor, BioTech Sphere Research, India. He has published academic papers on public and digital health in international journals and participated as a keynote speaker in many national and international conferences. His research includes the integration of Internet of Things and sensor technology for gathering vital signs through ambulatory monitoring, the functionality of artificial intelligence, machine learning for big data analytics for faster intervention, and tracking of prognosis and research for effective clinical research for the future development of treatments, drugs, pathological tests, and the supply system. Rashmi Singh, PhD is a professor and placement coordinator at the Amity Institute of Applied Sciences with over 20 years of experience. She has published two books, 40 patents, and 18 articles in national and international journals of repute. Her research interests include fuzzy, soft, and rough set theory, near structures, and mathematics in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Gaurav Agarwal, PhD is an associate professor and program chair in the School of Computer Science and Engineering at Galgotias University with over 20 years of teaching experience. He has published ten articles in international journals and conferences and eight patents. His research interests include web usability and accessibility, deep learning, machine learning, and large language models.

• Preface xviiPart I: Foundational Concepts 11 Introduction to Blockchain Technology 3Vivek Tomar, Swati Sharma and Sangeeta Arora1.1 Introduction 41.2 Evolution of Blockchain 71.3 Working of Blockchain 101.4 Applications of Blockchain 181.5 Future of Blockchain 221.6 Conclusion 242 IoT Integration in Health Sciences 29Bharti Chugh, Karnika Dwivedi, Preeti Garg, Pankaj Bhatt and Sachi Gupta2.1 Introduction 302.2 IoT Health Sciences Framework 332.3 IoT Health Sciences Applications 362.4 Challenges 382.5 Internet of Things (IoT) Health Security Concerns 412.6 Summary 453 Transforming of Healthcare with IoT 49Oroos Arshi and Aryan Chaudhary3.1 Introduction 493.2 Related Works 513.3 Key Features Internet of Things for Healthcare Management 533.4 Application of IoT in Healthcare 563.5 IoT Based Healthcare Challenges 593.6 Patient Empowerment Through IoT in Healthcare 613.7 Conclusion 63Part II: Blockchain in Healthcare 674 Blockchain-Enabled Health Platforms: Mitigating Vitamin D Deficiency through Decentralized Health Data Management 69Reepu, Gaganjot and Preethi John4.1 Introduction 704.2 Method 704.3 Literature Review 724.4 Health Promotion and the HBM 744.5 Blockchain Integration 774.6 Challenges 794.7 Discussion 794.8 Future Work and Research Opportunities 804.9 Conclusion 825 Exploring the Potentiality of Blockchain Technology in Healthcare and Data Security: Perceptions of General and Engineering College Students in West Bengal 87Mazhar Shamsi Ansary, Indrajit Mahato and Santosh Kumar Behera5.1 Introduction 885.2 Literature Review 915.3 Objectives of the Study 935.4 Hypotheses of the Study 945.5 Method of the Study 955.6 Results and Discussion 965.7 Future Research Opportunities 1055.8 Conclusion 1066 Implementing Blockchain, IoT and Cloud in Healthcare 111M. Dhurgadevi, D. VimalKumar, R. Senthilkumar and K. Gunasekaran6.1 Introduction 1126.2 Related Work 1156.3 Cloud Services in the Healthcare Industry 1176.4 Emergence of Blockchain in Cloud Technology 1186.5 IoT-Assisted Healthcare System 1196.6 Blockchain Integration with IoT and Cloud Technology 1206.7 Results and Discussion 1226.8 Future Work and Research Opportunities 1246.9 Conclusion 1257 E-Health Using AI with Blockchain 129Sunil Gautam, Pooja Patel, Heer Ramavat and Gaurav Agarwal7.1 Introduction 1307.2 Related Works 1347.3 Discussion About Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence 1397.4 Conclusion 1527.5 Future Works 1538 Current Developments of Blockchain Technology in Bioinformatics and Healthcare 159Sneha Roy, Saurav Kumar Mishra, Tabsum Chhetri, Kusum Gurung, Anagha Balakrishnan, Jeba Praba and John Johnros Georrge9 Blockchain Technology Protocols, Applications and Use Cases 187Oroos Arshi and Aryan Chaudhary9.1 Introduction 1889.2 An Overview of Blockchain Technology 1889.3 Key Challenges of Blockchain Technology 1939.4 Working With Distributed Ledger Technology and Blockchain 1949.5 Blockchain, Digital Currency, Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin 1969.6 Blockchain Examples and Use Cases 1979.7 Conclusion 199Part III: Blockchain in Pharmaceuticals 20110 Blockchain Empowered Pharmaceuticals: A Paradigm Shift in Drug Development and Supply Chain Management 203Parthasarathi P., Suresh Kumar K., Girimurugan R., Ravivarman G., Vigneshwaran M. and Perumal A.10.1 Introduction 20410.2 Literature Review 21010.3 Proposed Solution 21310.4 Results and Discussions 21910.5 Conclusions 22511 IoT and Blockchain Security for Medical Data 229S. Pavithra, Pavani M. and Harini D.11.1 Introduction 23011.2 Related Works 23111.3 Background 23311.4 Proposed System 23511.5 Experimental Result and Discussion 24311.6 Conclusion 24912 Blockchain in Pharmaceutical Research 253Soma Saha and Bodhisatwa Mazumdar12.1 Introduction 25412.2 Salient Features of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain 25812.3 Blockchain for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management 26112.4 Blockchain-Based Existing PSC: Case Studies 26712.5 Conclusion 27013 Transforming Pharmaceutical Research with Blockchain Technology 275Karnika Dwivedi, Preeti Garg, Bharti Chugh, Pankaj Bhatt and Ashish Kumar13.1 Introduction 27613.2 Blockchain Technology: A New Era of Pharmaceutical Research 27813.3 Blockchain for Securing Pharmaceutical Trades: A Layered Approach 28313.4 Applications of Blockchain in Pharmaceutical Research 28513.5 Challenges 28713.6 Summary 28913.7 Future Research Work 28914 Blockchain Applications in Pharmaceutical Research: A Comprehensive Overview 293Bhavna Sharma and Susheela Hooda14.1 Introduction 29414.2 Related Work 29714.3 Landscape of Pharmaceutical Research 30014.4 Role of Blockchain in Supply Chain Management 30314.5 Aspects Related to Regulation 30614.6 Comparative Analysis 30814.7 Conclusion 31015 Blockchain Innovations in Pharmaceutical Applications 313Dinesh Kumar, Rajni, Puja Gulati, Savita Deokar, Rajib Singh and Debarshi Kar Mahapatra15.1 Introduction 31415.2 Blockchain and Supply Chain 31415.3 Blockchain Networks 31615.4 Data Governance 32015.5 Data Quality 32015.6 Pharmaceutical Turnover 32115.7 Prescription Drug Monitoring 32115.8 Blockchain: Distributed Ledger Technology 32215.9 Conclusion 324Part IV: Integration of AI, IoT and Blockchain 32916 Using AI with Blockchain: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions in Health Sciences 331Sheena Mohammed, Kaneez Fatima and Swathi Tejah Yalla16.1 Introduction 33216.2 Benefits of Integrating AI with Blockchain 33416.3 Innovative Applications Across Industries 33516.4 Current Challenges Confronting Healthcare Organizations in Both Managing Their Operations and Delivering Quality Medical Care 33616.5 AI and Blockchain Have Immense Potential in Resolving These Obstacles Currently Faced 33616.6 AI and Blockchain Uses in the Healthcare Industry 33716.7 Realtime Applications in Healthcare Based on AI and Blockchain Technology 34116.8 Challenges of Integrating AI with Blockchain in Health Sciences 34216.9 Addressing the Challenges 34316.10 Future Potential and Directions 34516.11 Conclusion 34617 Implementing CNN Algorithm for Medical Image Analysis 349Vaishali Chourey, Mohd. Arsh, Jahnvi Chourey and Sunil Gautam17.1 Introduction 35017.2 Medical Imaging and Deep Learning 35117.3 Fundamentals of Deep Learning and CNN 35218 Smart Healthcare Systems with IoT and Blockchain 369Ashish Kumar, Sachi Gupta and Vrinda Sachdeva18.1 Introduction 37018.2 Foundations of IoT Based Healthcare 37218.3 IoT Solutions in Health Monitoring 37218.4 Fog Computing and Cloud Integration 37718.5 Blockchain Applications in Healthcare Systems 37818.6 Security Features and Challenges 37918.7 Future Advances in IoT-Powered Healthcare 38118.8 Conclusion 383Part V: Blockchain in Genomics & Blockchain Goverance 38719 Blockchain Technology and Genomic Research 389Odangowei Inetiminebi Ogidi and Ebimobotei Mao Bunu19.1 Introduction 39019.2 Overview of Blockchain Technology 39219.3 An Overview of Genomics Research 39519.4 Challenges in Genomics 39619.5 Incorporation of Blockchain Technology into Genomics 39819.6 Current Blockchain Technological Applications in Genomics 39919.7 Challenges of Implementing Blockchain in Genomic Research 40019.8 Future Directions 40419.9 Conclusion 40620 The Role of Blockchain in Genomics Sciences 411Sunil Gautam, Mansi Menon and Roshni Rana20.1 Introduction 41220.2 General Applications of Blockchain 41620.3 Related Works 41920.4 Application of Blockchain Technology in Genomics 42620.5 Current Blockchain-Based Approaches and Methods in Genomics 43020.6 Limitations 43420.7 Future Scenarios 43521 Revealing Blockchain Governance and Intellectual Property Protection Unleashing Innovation in Drug Discovery and Traceability: Scaling Legal Framework in Smart Health Science 441Bhupinder Singh and Christian Kaunert21.1 Introduction 44221.2 Blockchain Technology in Healthcare 44621.3 Drug Discovery and Traceability 44821.4 Blockchain Governance in Drug Discovery 45021.5 Intellectual Property Protection in Health Sector: Blockchain Implementation 45121.6 Challenges and Concerns 45221.7 Conclusion and Future Scope 453References 454Index 465