Sumita Mishra, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department at the Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India. Nishu Gupta, PhD, is a Senior Scientist in the Future Communication Networks research unit at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Oulu, Finland. Polat Goktas, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Turkey.

• Preface xxvAbout the Editors xxviiAcknowledgments xxixAbout the Companion Website xxxiiiPart I Fundamentals of IoT, AI, and ML for Sustainable Development 11 Introduction to IoT, AI, and ML in Sustainable Communication 3Shumukh Alharrani, Amani Ibraheem, and Polat Goktas1.1 Introduction 31.2 Foundational Principles of IoT, AI, and ML 41.3 Synergistic Integration of IoT, AI, and ML for Sustainable Communication Systems 101.4 Challenges in Implementation 141.5 Emerging Trends and Future Perspectives 171.6 Conclusion 212 AI/ML Techniques for Enhancing IoT-based Communication 33Kushagra Agrawal, Muhammet Anil Yagiz, and Polat Goktas2.1 Introduction 332.2 Background and Fundamentals 352.3 AI/ML Techniques for Enhancing IoT Communication 402.4 Architectures Integrating AI/ML in IoT Communication 462.5 Challenges, Limitations, and Open Issues 492.6 Conclusion 513 IoT and AI in Sustainable Agriculture 59Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Srushti Khomane, Komal Suryawanshi, and Shachi Kokare3.1 Introduction 593.2 Fruit Quality Monitoring 603.3 Crop Growth Monitoring Using IoT 643.4 Case Study 693.5 Drones in Agriculture 693.6 Benefits of ICT in Agriculture 723.7 Blockchain in Agriculture 723.8 Summary 744 AI and IoT-based Robust and Resilient Healthcare Services 77Shilpi, Sachin Kumar, Sudhanshu Tyagi, and Sumita Mishra4.1 Introduction 774.2 Role of IoT in Predictive Healthcare 814.3 Improved Decision-making and Treatment Planning 834.4 Personalized Healthcare 844.5 Remote Diagnostics and Efficient Resource Allocation 854.6 Benefits 874.7 Applications in Specific Areas 894.8 Challenges and Opportunities 904.9 Conclusion 92Part II Practical Applications of IoT and AI in Key Sectors Including Smart Infrastructure and Industrial Applications 955 Applications and Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Agriculture, Education, Healthcare, and Administration 97Virender Kumar and Mohammad Derawi5.1 Introduction 975.2 Application of AI in Several Fields of Agriculture 995.3 AI in Education 1035.4 AI in the Field of Healthcare 1065.5 AI in the Field of Administration and Governance 1105.6 Results and Discussion 1145.7 Conclusion 1156 IoT-based Communication in Smart Cities for SDGs: Enhancing Urban Resilience Through Human-centric Hypernetwork Models 119Yuhan Zheng and Zeyu Zhao6.1 Introduction 1196.2 Literature Review 1216.3 Methodology 1226.4 Results 1276.5 Discussion 1376.6 Conclusion 1417 Industrial IoT and Sustainable Development 147Keshav Gupta, Nishu Gupta, and Polat Goktas7.1 Foundations of Industrial Internet of Things in the Context of Sustainable Development 1477.2 Smart Manufacturing and Resource Efficiency 1487.3 Data-driven Decision-making and Environmental Monitoring 1567.4 Cybersecurity, Ethics, and Governance in Sustainable IIoT Systems 1627.5 Future Outlook: Scalable and Resilient IIoT Ecosystems for 2030 and Beyond 1657.6 Conclusion 1668 Energy Management and Smart Grid Communication 179Polat Goktas and Shaibu Ibrahim8.1 Introduction to Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy Management 1798.2 Role of IoT in Smart Grid Communication 1818.3 ML for Predictive Energy Management 1878.4 AI-enabled Optimization in Grid Operations and Load Balancing 1928.5 Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Outlook 1968.6 Conclusion 2019 Urban Environmental Sensing for Sustainable Development: A Focus on Air Quality, Temperature, and Humidity 213Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Siddhant Kamlaskar, Tarun Dhote, and Aditya Chougule9.1 Introduction 2139.2 Flowchart 2159.3 Methodology 2169.4 Pollution and Their Impacts 2179.5 Hardware Setup 2209.6 Different Types of Communication Interfaces 2229.7 Ways to Encounter the Problem 2259.8 Summary 228Part III Security, Privacy, and Ethical Aspects 23110 IoT Security and Privacy in Sustainable Communication 233Polat Goktas and Sumita Mishra10.1 Introduction: The Intersection of Security, Privacy, and Sustainable IoT Communication 23310.2 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-enabled Security Mechanisms in IoT Networks 23410.3 Privacy-preserving Frameworks and Data Governance in Sustainable IoT 24310.4 Energy-aware and Resource-efficient Security Protocols 25010.5 Future Directions and Ethical Considerations in IoT Security for Sustainability 25210.6 Conclusion 25511 Machine Learning-empowered Physical Layer Security Techniques Toward 6G Wireless Communication 267Aditya Verma, Sumita Mishra, Sachin Kumar, and Jyoti Grover11.1 Introduction 26711.2 6G Technologies: Security and Privacy Issues 27011.3 The Role of ML in PLS for 6G 27311.4 AI-driven Extensions for PLS in 6G 27811.5 Applications of ML-powered PLS in 6G 28111.6 Open Challenges and Future Directions in ML-empowered PLS for 6G 28511.7 Conclusion 28912 Justice in IoT and AI for Sustainable Development 293George Belsian, Hrishikesh Tamhane, Binesh Asok Kumar, and Geraldine Shirley Nicholas12.1 Introduction 29312.2 Foundations and Ethical Frameworks 29412.3 Ethical Governance and Implementation 30212.4 Security Architecture and Privacy 31012.5 Resource Justice and Equitable Access 32012.6 Regulatory Frameworks and Compliance 33012.7 Implementation Roadmap 334Part IV Future Directions and Innovations 34113 Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in IoT Architectures for Smart Environments: A Comprehensive Review 343Manuel J.C.S. Reis, Carlos Serôdio, and Nishu Gupta13.1 Introduction 34313.2 Scalability and Interoperability 34513.3 Energy Efficiency 34913.4 Data Privacy and Security 35313.5 Real-time Data Processing and Analytics 35513.6 Edge Computing and Fog Computing Integration 35713.7 Context Awareness and Adaptability 35813.8 Standardization 36213.9 Network Management and Optimization 36413.10 Conclusion 36714 Future Trends and Innovations in IoT-based Communication Through AI/ML for SDG 375Shriram K. Vasudevan, Sini Raj Pulari, and Subashri V.14.1 Introduction 37514.2 Role of AI/ML in IoT-based Communication 37614.3 Emerging Trends in IoT-based Communication Through AI/ML 38014.4 Challenges and Ethical Considerations 38114.5 Future Directions and Innovations 3824.6 Conclusion 382Index 385

Sumita Mishra, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department at the Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India. Nishu Gupta, PhD, is a Senior Scientist in the Future Communication Networks research unit at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Oulu, Finland. Polat Goktas, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Turkey.

• Preface xxvAbout the Editors xxviiAcknowledgments xxixAbout the Companion Website xxxiiiPart I Fundamentals of IoT, AI, and ML for Sustainable Development 11 Introduction to IoT, AI, and ML in Sustainable Communication 3Shumukh Alharrani, Amani Ibraheem, and Polat Goktas1.1 Introduction 31.2 Foundational Principles of IoT, AI, and ML 41.3 Synergistic Integration of IoT, AI, and ML for Sustainable Communication Systems 101.4 Challenges in Implementation 141.5 Emerging Trends and Future Perspectives 171.6 Conclusion 212 AI/ML Techniques for Enhancing IoT-based Communication 33Kushagra Agrawal, Muhammet Anil Yagiz, and Polat Goktas2.1 Introduction 332.2 Background and Fundamentals 352.3 AI/ML Techniques for Enhancing IoT Communication 402.4 Architectures Integrating AI/ML in IoT Communication 462.5 Challenges, Limitations, and Open Issues 492.6 Conclusion 513 IoT and AI in Sustainable Agriculture 59Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Srushti Khomane, Komal Suryawanshi, and Shachi Kokare3.1 Introduction 593.2 Fruit Quality Monitoring 603.3 Crop Growth Monitoring Using IoT 643.4 Case Study 693.5 Drones in Agriculture 693.6 Benefits of ICT in Agriculture 723.7 Blockchain in Agriculture 723.8 Summary 744 AI and IoT-based Robust and Resilient Healthcare Services 77Shilpi, Sachin Kumar, Sudhanshu Tyagi, and Sumita Mishra4.1 Introduction 774.2 Role of IoT in Predictive Healthcare 814.3 Improved Decision-making and Treatment Planning 834.4 Personalized Healthcare 844.5 Remote Diagnostics and Efficient Resource Allocation 854.6 Benefits 874.7 Applications in Specific Areas 894.8 Challenges and Opportunities 904.9 Conclusion 92Part II Practical Applications of IoT and AI in Key Sectors Including Smart Infrastructure and Industrial Applications 955 Applications and Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Agriculture, Education, Healthcare, and Administration 97Virender Kumar and Mohammad Derawi5.1 Introduction 975.2 Application of AI in Several Fields of Agriculture 995.3 AI in Education 1035.4 AI in the Field of Healthcare 1065.5 AI in the Field of Administration and Governance 1105.6 Results and Discussion 1145.7 Conclusion 1156 IoT-based Communication in Smart Cities for SDGs: Enhancing Urban Resilience Through Human-centric Hypernetwork Models 119Yuhan Zheng and Zeyu Zhao6.1 Introduction 1196.2 Literature Review 1216.3 Methodology 1226.4 Results 1276.5 Discussion 1376.6 Conclusion 1417 Industrial IoT and Sustainable Development 147Keshav Gupta, Nishu Gupta, and Polat Goktas7.1 Foundations of Industrial Internet of Things in the Context of Sustainable Development 1477.2 Smart Manufacturing and Resource Efficiency 1487.3 Data-driven Decision-making and Environmental Monitoring 1567.4 Cybersecurity, Ethics, and Governance in Sustainable IIoT Systems 1627.5 Future Outlook: Scalable and Resilient IIoT Ecosystems for 2030 and Beyond 1657.6 Conclusion 1668 Energy Management and Smart Grid Communication 179Polat Goktas and Shaibu Ibrahim8.1 Introduction to Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy Management 1798.2 Role of IoT in Smart Grid Communication 1818.3 ML for Predictive Energy Management 1878.4 AI-enabled Optimization in Grid Operations and Load Balancing 1928.5 Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Outlook 1968.6 Conclusion 2019 Urban Environmental Sensing for Sustainable Development: A Focus on Air Quality, Temperature, and Humidity 213Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Siddhant Kamlaskar, Tarun Dhote, and Aditya Chougule9.1 Introduction 2139.2 Flowchart 2159.3 Methodology 2169.4 Pollution and Their Impacts 2179.5 Hardware Setup 2209.6 Different Types of Communication Interfaces 2229.7 Ways to Encounter the Problem 2259.8 Summary 228Part III Security, Privacy, and Ethical Aspects 23110 IoT Security and Privacy in Sustainable Communication 233Polat Goktas and Sumita Mishra10.1 Introduction: The Intersection of Security, Privacy, and Sustainable IoT Communication 23310.2 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-enabled Security Mechanisms in IoT Networks 23410.3 Privacy-preserving Frameworks and Data Governance in Sustainable IoT 24310.4 Energy-aware and Resource-efficient Security Protocols 25010.5 Future Directions and Ethical Considerations in IoT Security for Sustainability 25210.6 Conclusion 25511 Machine Learning-empowered Physical Layer Security Techniques Toward 6G Wireless Communication 267Aditya Verma, Sumita Mishra, Sachin Kumar, and Jyoti Grover11.1 Introduction 26711.2 6G Technologies: Security and Privacy Issues 27011.3 The Role of ML in PLS for 6G 27311.4 AI-driven Extensions for PLS in 6G 27811.5 Applications of ML-powered PLS in 6G 28111.6 Open Challenges and Future Directions in ML-empowered PLS for 6G 28511.7 Conclusion 28912 Justice in IoT and AI for Sustainable Development 293George Belsian, Hrishikesh Tamhane, Binesh Asok Kumar, and Geraldine Shirley Nicholas12.1 Introduction 29312.2 Foundations and Ethical Frameworks 29412.3 Ethical Governance and Implementation 30212.4 Security Architecture and Privacy 31012.5 Resource Justice and Equitable Access 32012.6 Regulatory Frameworks and Compliance 33012.7 Implementation Roadmap 334Part IV Future Directions and Innovations 34113 Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in IoT Architectures for Smart Environments: A Comprehensive Review 343Manuel J.C.S. Reis, Carlos Serôdio, and Nishu Gupta13.1 Introduction 34313.2 Scalability and Interoperability 34513.3 Energy Efficiency 34913.4 Data Privacy and Security 35313.5 Real-time Data Processing and Analytics 35513.6 Edge Computing and Fog Computing Integration 35713.7 Context Awareness and Adaptability 35813.8 Standardization 36213.9 Network Management and Optimization 36413.10 Conclusion 36714 Future Trends and Innovations in IoT-based Communication Through AI/ML for SDG 375Shriram K. Vasudevan, Sini Raj Pulari, and Subashri V.14.1 Introduction 37514.2 Role of AI/ML in IoT-based Communication 37614.3 Emerging Trends in IoT-based Communication Through AI/ML 38014.4 Challenges and Ethical Considerations 38114.5 Future Directions and Innovations 3824.6 Conclusion 382Index 385

Sumita Mishra, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department at the Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India. Nishu Gupta, PhD, is a Senior Scientist in the Future Communication Networks research unit at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Oulu, Finland. Polat Goktas, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Turkey.

• Preface xxvAbout the Editors xxviiAcknowledgments xxixAbout the Companion Website xxxiiiPart I Fundamentals of IoT, AI, and ML for Sustainable Development 11 Introduction to IoT, AI, and ML in Sustainable Communication 3Shumukh Alharrani, Amani Ibraheem, and Polat Goktas1.1 Introduction 31.2 Foundational Principles of IoT, AI, and ML 41.3 Synergistic Integration of IoT, AI, and ML for Sustainable Communication Systems 101.4 Challenges in Implementation 141.5 Emerging Trends and Future Perspectives 171.6 Conclusion 212 AI/ML Techniques for Enhancing IoT-based Communication 33Kushagra Agrawal, Muhammet Anil Yagiz, and Polat Goktas2.1 Introduction 332.2 Background and Fundamentals 352.3 AI/ML Techniques for Enhancing IoT Communication 402.4 Architectures Integrating AI/ML in IoT Communication 462.5 Challenges, Limitations, and Open Issues 492.6 Conclusion 513 IoT and AI in Sustainable Agriculture 59Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Srushti Khomane, Komal Suryawanshi, and Shachi Kokare3.1 Introduction 593.2 Fruit Quality Monitoring 603.3 Crop Growth Monitoring Using IoT 643.4 Case Study 693.5 Drones in Agriculture 693.6 Benefits of ICT in Agriculture 723.7 Blockchain in Agriculture 723.8 Summary 744 AI and IoT-based Robust and Resilient Healthcare Services 77Shilpi, Sachin Kumar, Sudhanshu Tyagi, and Sumita Mishra4.1 Introduction 774.2 Role of IoT in Predictive Healthcare 814.3 Improved Decision-making and Treatment Planning 834.4 Personalized Healthcare 844.5 Remote Diagnostics and Efficient Resource Allocation 854.6 Benefits 874.7 Applications in Specific Areas 894.8 Challenges and Opportunities 904.9 Conclusion 92Part II Practical Applications of IoT and AI in Key Sectors Including Smart Infrastructure and Industrial Applications 955 Applications and Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Agriculture, Education, Healthcare, and Administration 97Virender Kumar and Mohammad Derawi5.1 Introduction 975.2 Application of AI in Several Fields of Agriculture 995.3 AI in Education 1035.4 AI in the Field of Healthcare 1065.5 AI in the Field of Administration and Governance 1105.6 Results and Discussion 1145.7 Conclusion 1156 IoT-based Communication in Smart Cities for SDGs: Enhancing Urban Resilience Through Human-centric Hypernetwork Models 119Yuhan Zheng and Zeyu Zhao6.1 Introduction 1196.2 Literature Review 1216.3 Methodology 1226.4 Results 1276.5 Discussion 1376.6 Conclusion 1417 Industrial IoT and Sustainable Development 147Keshav Gupta, Nishu Gupta, and Polat Goktas7.1 Foundations of Industrial Internet of Things in the Context of Sustainable Development 1477.2 Smart Manufacturing and Resource Efficiency 1487.3 Data-driven Decision-making and Environmental Monitoring 1567.4 Cybersecurity, Ethics, and Governance in Sustainable IIoT Systems 1627.5 Future Outlook: Scalable and Resilient IIoT Ecosystems for 2030 and Beyond 1657.6 Conclusion 1668 Energy Management and Smart Grid Communication 179Polat Goktas and Shaibu Ibrahim8.1 Introduction to Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy Management 1798.2 Role of IoT in Smart Grid Communication 1818.3 ML for Predictive Energy Management 1878.4 AI-enabled Optimization in Grid Operations and Load Balancing 1928.5 Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Outlook 1968.6 Conclusion 2019 Urban Environmental Sensing for Sustainable Development: A Focus on Air Quality, Temperature, and Humidity 213Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Siddhant Kamlaskar, Tarun Dhote, and Aditya Chougule9.1 Introduction 2139.2 Flowchart 2159.3 Methodology 2169.4 Pollution and Their Impacts 2179.5 Hardware Setup 2209.6 Different Types of Communication Interfaces 2229.7 Ways to Encounter the Problem 2259.8 Summary 228Part III Security, Privacy, and Ethical Aspects 23110 IoT Security and Privacy in Sustainable Communication 233Polat Goktas and Sumita Mishra10.1 Introduction: The Intersection of Security, Privacy, and Sustainable IoT Communication 23310.2 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-enabled Security Mechanisms in IoT Networks 23410.3 Privacy-preserving Frameworks and Data Governance in Sustainable IoT 24310.4 Energy-aware and Resource-efficient Security Protocols 25010.5 Future Directions and Ethical Considerations in IoT Security for Sustainability 25210.6 Conclusion 25511 Machine Learning-empowered Physical Layer Security Techniques Toward 6G Wireless Communication 267Aditya Verma, Sumita Mishra, Sachin Kumar, and Jyoti Grover11.1 Introduction 26711.2 6G Technologies: Security and Privacy Issues 27011.3 The Role of ML in PLS for 6G 27311.4 AI-driven Extensions for PLS in 6G 27811.5 Applications of ML-powered PLS in 6G 28111.6 Open Challenges and Future Directions in ML-empowered PLS for 6G 28511.7 Conclusion 28912 Justice in IoT and AI for Sustainable Development 293George Belsian, Hrishikesh Tamhane, Binesh Asok Kumar, and Geraldine Shirley Nicholas12.1 Introduction 29312.2 Foundations and Ethical Frameworks 29412.3 Ethical Governance and Implementation 30212.4 Security Architecture and Privacy 31012.5 Resource Justice and Equitable Access 32012.6 Regulatory Frameworks and Compliance 33012.7 Implementation Roadmap 334Part IV Future Directions and Innovations 34113 Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in IoT Architectures for Smart Environments: A Comprehensive Review 343Manuel J.C.S. Reis, Carlos Serôdio, and Nishu Gupta13.1 Introduction 34313.2 Scalability and Interoperability 34513.3 Energy Efficiency 34913.4 Data Privacy and Security 35313.5 Real-time Data Processing and Analytics 35513.6 Edge Computing and Fog Computing Integration 35713.7 Context Awareness and Adaptability 35813.8 Standardization 36213.9 Network Management and Optimization 36413.10 Conclusion 36714 Future Trends and Innovations in IoT-based Communication Through AI/ML for SDG 375Shriram K. Vasudevan, Sini Raj Pulari, and Subashri V.14.1 Introduction 37514.2 Role of AI/ML in IoT-based Communication 37614.3 Emerging Trends in IoT-based Communication Through AI/ML 38014.4 Challenges and Ethical Considerations 38114.5 Future Directions and Innovations 3824.6 Conclusion 382Index 385