Corrosion in Concrete Structures

Ruby Aslam, PhD is a Postdoctoral fellow in the School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China. She has authored and co-authored more than 100 research articles in international peer-reviewed journals and edited 17 books. Her research focuses on corrosion inhibitors, ionic liquids, and colloid and surface science. Qihui Wang, PhD works in the School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China. His research focuses on the development and application of green corrosion inhibitors and theoretical calculations to explain the anti-corrosion mechanism of green corrosion inhibitors against metals. Zhitao Yan, PhD is a Professor in the School of Civil Engineering and Architecture at the Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China. He has authored and co-authored more than 170 research articles in international peer-reviewed journals, authorized 57 Chinese patents, and published three monographs. His research interests include structure wind engineering, nonlinear vibration, and transmission tower line systems. Afroz Aslam, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, the Constituent Government College, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P. India. She has published many research articles and chapters in peer-reviewed international journals. Her research is mainly focused on organic synthesis, materials and corrosion, phytochemistry, and heterocyclic catalysis.

• Preface xv1 Corrosion Fundamentals: Understanding the Science Behind the Damage 1Kaoutar Zaidi, Walid Daoudi, Selma Lamghafri, Omar Dagdag, Abdelmalik El Aatiaoui and Abdelouahad Aouinti1.1 Introduction 21.2 Basic Chemistry of Corrosion 31.3 Types of Corrosion 51.4 Electrochemical Corrosion Mechanisms 81.5 Corrosion-Inducing Factors 101.6 Conclusion 112 Concrete Material Properties and Corrosion 13Rajae Salim, Jamila Lazrak, Elhachmia Ech-chihbi, Walid Ettahiri, Charafeddine Jama, Belkheir Hammouti and Mustapha Taleb2.1 Introduction 142.2 Importance of Steel in Concrete 182.4 Corrosion Properties of Steel in Concrete 282.5 Causes of Concrete Corrosion 332.6 Consequences of Concrete Corrosion 352.7 Methods of Protecting Concrete against Corrosion 372.8 Techniques for Assessing Corrosion Concrete 482.9 Future Perspectives and Research Directions 522.10 Conclusion 523 Fundamentals and Understanding of Corrosion-Prone Environments in Concrete Corrosion 59Demian I. Njoku, Annuncieta C. Njoku, Paul C. Uzoma, Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim and Inime I. Udoh3.1 Introduction 603.2 Factors That Contribute to Concrete Corrosion 613.3 Concrete Corrosion-Prone Environments 633.4 Distinctive Analysis of the Process of Concrete Corrosion 683.5 Current Practices Used to Minimize Corrosion in Different Environments 713.6 Cases of Failures due to Corrosion of Concrete Structures in Different Environments and the Mitigations 743.7 Conclusions 764 Corrosion Assessment and Inspection in Concrete Corrosion 85Ichraq Bouhouche, Khalid Bouiti, Nabil Lahrache, Najoua Labjar, Hamid Nasrellah, Said Laasri, Ayoub Cherrat and Souad El Hajjaji4.1 Introduction to Corrosion Assessment and Inspection 864.2 Forms of Corrosion in Concrete 884.3 Visual Assessment Methods 904.4 Electrochemical Assessment Methods 934.5 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques 984.6 Advanced Technologies in Corrosion Inspection 1004.7 Case Studies in Corrosion Assessment 1014.8 Discussion on Assessment and Inspection Results 1044.9 Conclusion 1055 Impact of Concrete Corrosion on Environmental Sustainability 119Abhinay Thakur, Valentine C. Anadebe, Elyor Berdimurodov, Abdelkader Zarrouk, Omar Dagdag and Ashish Kumar5.1 Introduction 1205.2 Types of Concrete Corrosion 1235.3 Impact on Structural Integrity and Concrete Durability 1255.4 Environmental Consequences 1295.5 Sustainability Challenges 1335.6 Mitigation Strategies and Recent Advancements 1365.7 Challenges and Future Directions 1465.8 Conclusion 1496 Role of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealants in Preventing Concrete Corrosion 163Humira Assad, Richika Ganjoo, Shveta Sharma, Praveen Kumar Sharma, Femiana Gapsari and Ashish Kumar6.1 Introduction 1646.2 Concrete Corrosion 1666.3 Overview of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealant Systems 1686.4 Role of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealants in Concrete Corrosion 1776.5 Conclusion 1807 Role of Cathodic Protection Systems in Preventing Concrete Corrosion 187Samir H. Shafek, Ahmed H. Elged, Mohamed A. Shenashen, Emad A. Badr and Hassan H. H. Hefni7.1 Introduction 1887.2 Cathodic Protection 1897.3 Cathodic Protection (CP) Monitoring Techniques in Concrete Structures 1907.4 Anode Installation and Replacement 1947.5 Anode Materials 1977.6 Factors Affecting Cathodic Protection Design in Concrete Corrosion 2037.7 New Trends of Cathodic Protection in Concrete Corrosion 2047.8 Challenges in Implementing Cathodic Protection in Concrete and Addressing Environmental and Sustainability Considerations 2087.9 Conclusion 2088 Role of Corrosion Inhibitors in Preventing Concrete Corrosion 213Shweta Goyal, Vijay Luxami and Sonia Rani8.1 Introduction 2148.2 Definition of Corrosion Inhibitors 2158.3 Mechanism of Action of Inhibitor 2168.4 Classification of Corrosion Inhibitors 2178.5 Classification Based on Mechanism of Action 2178.6 Classification Based on Field Application 2208.7 Classification Based on Chemical Composition 2228.8 Green Inhibitors 2388.9 Smart Inhibitors 2438.10 Testing and Evaluation Methods of Inhibitors 2458.11 Challenges and Future Perspectives 2478.12 Conclusion 2489 Case Studies on Concrete Corrosion 257Ali Dashan, Hedieh Kazemi, Bahram Ramezanzadeh and Ghasem Bahlakeh9.1 Introduction 2589.2 Principles of Cathodic Protection: An Examination of Case Studies 2599.3 Corrosion Protection Based on Anti-Corrosion Coating: An Examination of Case Studies 2699.4 Utilizing Corrosion Inhibitors: An Examination of Case Studies 2769.5 Comparative Analysis, Challenges, and Outlooks 28510 Innovations in Concrete Corrosion Control 291Ruby Aslam, Zhitao Yan, Qihui Wang, Yi Sun, Afroz Aslam and Jeenat Aslam10.1 Introduction 29210.2 Innovative Materials for Corrosion Control 29310.3 Nanomaterials in Concrete 29910.4 Advanced Coatings and Sealants 30010.5 Chemical Admixtures for Corrosion Protection 30110.6 Electrochemical Techniques 30410.7 Role of AI and ML in Designing Corrosion-Resistant Concrete 30710.8 Future Considerations 30810.9 Conclusion 31011 Role of Nanotechnology in Concrete Corrosion Prevention 317Nabil Lahrache, Khalid Bouiti, Ichraq Bouhouche, Najoua Labjar, Hamid Nasrellah, Said Laasri, Ayoub Cherrat and Souad El Hajjaji11.1 Introduction 31811.2 Role of Nanotechnology in Corrosion Prevention 31911.3 Types of Nanomaterials Used in Concrete Corrosion Prevention 32311.4 Challenges and Limitations 33111.5 Future Perspectives 33111.6 Conclusion 331References 332Index 343