Next-Generation Technologies in Cloud Computing

Bishwajeet Pandey, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Computer Application at GL Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. He is also a Senior Member of the IEEE and a Life Member of the Computer Society of India (CSI), India. Advait Patel is a Senior Site Reliability Engineer at Broadcom Inc., United States. He is a Conference Chair for the IEEE Chicago section.

• About the Editors xxvList of Contributors xxviiPreface xxixAcknowledgments xxxi1 Introduction: Reimagining Cloud Computing in the Age of AI and Sustainability 1Karan Alang and Anant Kumar1.1 Introduction 11.2 The Evolution of Cloud Computing: From Mainframes to AI-Powered Everything 11.3 The Sustainability Imperative 71.4 Challenges and Opportunities 91.5 Conclusion 111.6 Future Scope 11References 122 The Evolution of Cloud Computing: From Virtual Machines to Serverless 15Anuj Ashok Potdar and Pronnoy Goswami2.1 Introduction 152.2 The Definition of Cloud Computing 162.3 Historical Context and Significance 172.4 Evolution Timeline Overview 182.5 The Foundations: Virtual Machines and Early Virtualization 202.6 The Birth of Modern Cloud Computing 232.7 The Serverless Paradigm 262.8 Conclusion 27References 273 Exploring Cloud-Native Microservices Architectures and Design Patterns 31Prashanthi Matam and Venkata Naga Kartik Pidatala3.1 Introduction 313.2 Fundamentals of Cloud-Native Computing 333.3 Microservices Architecture (MSA) Overview 363.4 Cloud-Native Migration Strategies to Microservices 383.5 Core Design Patterns in Microservices 393.6 Data Management Patterns 403.7 Event-Driven Architectures and Microservices 423.8 Practical Considerations and Best Practices 433.9 Emerging Trends and Future Directions 453.10 Case Studies and Real-World Applications 493.11 Conclusion 51References 514 Multicloud and Hybrid Cloud Strategies for Resilient Infrastructure: An Observability-Driven Framework for Modern Distributed Systems 55Aditya Gupta and Pronnoy Goswami4.1 Introduction 554.2 Related Work and Theoretical Foundations 564.3 Multicloud Observability Architecture Framework 584.4 Distributed Tracing Implementation Strategy 614.5 Multimodal Data Fusion and Analytics 634.6 Cross-Cloud Security and Compliance Observability 654.7 Implementation Guidelines and Best Practices 674.8 Performance Evaluation and Verification 684.9 Future Directions and Emerging Technological Developments 704.10 Conclusion 72References 725 Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS): Enabling Scalable AI 75Raghuram Katakam and Ashwin Prakash Nalwade5.1 Introduction 755.2 The Evolution of Machine Learning 765.3 Frameworks and Tools in MLaaS 775.4 Challenges and Future Outlook 865.5 Conclusion 87References 886 Cloud Cost Optimization and the Rise of FinOps 91Dhivya Nagasubramanian6.1 Introduction: Cloud Cost Complexity and the Capital Expenditures (CapEx)-to-Operating Expenditures (OpEx) Shift 916.2 From CapEx Comfort to OpEx Chaos 916.3 The Rise of FinOps: Making Cloud Spending Make Sense 926.4 You’re Not Alone—The Data Tells the Story 926.5 ANewMindsetforaNewEra 926.6 The Emergence and Evolution of FinOps 946.7 Core FinOps Principles and Lifecycle 956.8 Holistic Cost Management Framework 986.9 Beyond Single-Workload Optimization 986.10 Cost-Aware Architecture and Operations 996.11 AI/ML for Predictive Cloud Cost Management 1006.12 FinOps in Action: Real-World Case Studies 1016.13 The Future of FinOps: Sustainability, Cross-Cloud Arbitrage, and Decentralized Models 1046.14 Agentic AI Orchestration: The Next Frontier in FinOps 1086.15 Conclusion 109References 1107 FinOps for AI Workloads 113Anaranya Bagchi7.1 Introduction 1137.2 Types of AI Workloads and Cost Drivers 1147.3 FinOps Principles Applied to AI 1177.4 Challenges in FinOps for AI Workloads 1257.5 Conclusion 126References 1278 AI-Driven Cloud Services and Intelligence Automation 129Prashanthi Matam and Venkata Naga Kartik Pidatala8.1 Introduction 1298.2 Evolution of Cloud Computing: From Virtualization to Cloud-Native Architectures 1328.3 Intelligent Automation in Cloud Operations 1378.4 Emerging Paradigms: Generative and Agentic AI in Cloud Services 1438.5 Foundations of Multimodal AI 1458.6 Future Trends and Opportunities 1478.7 Conclusion 148References 1489 AIOps: Intelligent Cloud Observability and Incident Management 151Milankumar Rana and Jyoti Kunal Shah9.1 Introduction 1519.2 Background and Evolution of AIOps 1529.3 Cloud Observability Fundamentals 1549.4 Architecture of AIOps Platforms 1569.5 Data Pipelines and Telemetry Management 1619.6 AI/ML Techniques for Intelligent Observability 1659.7 Anomaly Detection and Root Cause Analysis 1699.8 Incident Management Workflow 1729.9 Case Studies and Industry Implementations 1759.10 Best Practices for AIOps Adoption 1799.11 Challenges and Limitations 1829.12 Future Directions in AIOps 1839.13 Conclusion 185References 18610 Cloud-Native DevSecOps and Shift-Left Security Practices 187Jay Shah and Garima Bajpai10.1 Introduction 18710.2 State of DevSecOps and Shift-Left Security 18810.3 Adoption of DevSecOps 19210.4 Implementing DevSecOps with Frameworks 19210.5 What Is a Maturity Model? 19310.6 Best Practices 19410.7 Challenges and Future Outlook 19610.8 Conclusion 197References 19711 Autonomous Cloud Infrastructure and Self-Healing Systems 199Vinod Goje and Manoj Ravi11.1 Introduction 19911.2 Background and Context 20311.3 Self-Healing Mechanisms and Implementation Strategies 21011.4 Case Study: Netflix’s Implementation 21411.5 Conclusion 215References 21612 Serverless Computing and Event-Driven Cloud Architectures 219Jyoti Shah and Milankumar Rana12.1 Introduction 21912.2 Background and Related Work 22012.3 Challenges 22412.4 Proposed Framework 22612.5 Architecture Overview 22912.6 Implementation Considerations 23212.7 Case Study 23512.8 Challenges and Limitations 23912.9 Future Work 24112.10 Conclusions 243References 24513 Zero Trust Architecture in Cloud Environments 247Aparna Achanta and Vinod Goje13.1 Introduction 24713.2 Zero Trust in the Cloud 24913.3 Threat Actors in the Cloud 25013.4 How the Cloud Embraces Zero Trust 25013.5 Zero Trust Governance for IAM 25213.6 Micro-Segmentation for Network Control 25313.7 Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) 25413.8 How Micro-Segmentation Prevents Lateral Movement 25513.9 The Role of Unified Endpoint Management (UEM) 25513.10 Continuous Authentication and Session Monitoring 25613.11 SaaS-Specific Zero Trust Strategies 25713.12 PaaS Security Controls 25713.13 Visibility, Logging, and Threat Detection 25813.14 Centralized Log Aggregation Architecture 25813.15 SIEM/SOAR Integration for Zero Trust 25913.16 Cloud-Native Threat Detection Services 26013.17 Data-Centric Security 26013.18 Conclusions 26113.19 Future Work 262References 26214 Predictive Risk Intelligence and Governance Framework in Multicloud Environments 265Priya Ranjani Mohan and Yugandhar Suthari14.1 Introduction: From Reactive to Predictive 26514.2 Core Challenges in Multicloud Governance 26614.3 PRIG Framework Architecture and Components 26814.4 Building Your Organization’s PRIG Infrastructure 27014.5 Out-of-the-Box Tools for Predictive Decisions 27114.6 Building Custom ML Models and Risk Prediction 27314.7 Making Predictive Decisions and Taking Action 27414.8 The Glue That Holds It Together 27614.9 Considerations for Potential Issues When Implementing PRIG Framework 27714.10 Real-World Case Studies 27714.11 Outlook and Recommendations 27914.12 Conclusion 281References 28115 Security and Compliance for Cloud-Native Applications 283Vaishnavi Gudur and Ashish Kattamuri15.1 Introduction 28315.2 Background/Context 28415.3 Core Content 28715.4 Challenges 29215.5 Future Outlook 29415.6 Conclusion 296References 29716 Data Privacy, Sovereignty, and Cloud Localization Laws 299Dhivya Nagasubramanian and Kiran Kumar Reddy Puram16.1 Introduction: When the Cloud Hits the Ground 29916.2 Global Trends in Data Privacy and Localization 30016.3 Regional Regulatory Landscape 30116.4 Industry Case Studies: Impact of Sovereignty Requirements 30616.5 Architecting for Compliance: Technical Approaches to Sovereignty 30916.6 Evolution and Future Outlook 31316.7 Conclusion 315References 31617 Sustainable Cloud Computing and Carbon-Aware Architectures 319Vamsi Alla and Ashish Kattamuri17.1 Introduction 31917.2 Evolution of Cloud Computing: The Foundation for Sustainability 32117.3 Principles of Sustainable Cloud Computing 32217.4 Core Frameworks for Sustainable Cloud Computing 32517.5 Use Cases and Industry Relevance 33217.6 Difficulties and Future Vision 33417.7 Sustainable Cloud Computing’s Prospect 33717.8 Conclusion 338References 33918 Quantum Computing in the Cloud: Opportunities and Challenges 341Ashwin Prakash Nalwade and Khan Shariya Hasan Upoma18.1 Introduction 34118.2 Background 34218.3 Quantum Computing in the Cloud 34518.4 Quantum Computing—Key Strengths 35018.5 Challenges and the Future 35118.6 Conclusion 353References 35319 Cloud Platforms for Scientific Research and HPC Workloads 355Anant Kumar19.1 Introduction 35519.2 Background and Context 35619.3 Core Content: Frameworks, Use Cases, and Technical Depth 35819.4 Container Orchestration for Scientific Workloads 36019.5 Workflow Management Systems 36119.6 Challenges and Future Outlook 36519.7 Emerging Trends 36619.8 Conclusion 369References 37020 Ethics, Bias, and Responsible AI in Cloud Environments 373Sreekanth B. Narayan and Karan Alang20.1 Introduction 37320.2 Key Ethical Principles 37520.3 Bias in AI 37720.4 Responsible AI Practices 37920.5 Implementation Considerations and Good Practices 38220.6 Cloud Environments and AI 38320.7 Case Studies 38520.8 Future Directions 388References 39021 Conclusion—The Future Cloud: Ethical, Autonomous, and Planet-Aware 393Pronnoy Goswami and Aditya Gupta21.1 Introduction 39321.2 The Enduring Arc of Abstraction and Its Unseen Costs 39421.3 From Monitoring Silos to Multicloud Operational Resilience 39521.4 The Challenge of Governance-Aware Autonomy 39721.5 From Optimization to Obligation: The Rise of Ethical and Planet-Aware Architectures 39821.6 Redefining the Economics: Financial Operations, Sovereignty, and Zero Trust 40021.7 Synthesis and a Forward-Looking Research Agenda 40221.8 Conclusion and Future Scope 403References 403Glossary 405Index 407