Jeyaprakash Natarajan, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Global College of Engineering and Technology, Muscat, Oman. He has published more than 120 peer-reviewed research articles, 25 book chapters, and five books. He teaches various postgraduate courses in automotive, mechanical, manufacturing, and laser ultrasound, and conducts academic research and consultancy. Milon Selvam Dennison, PhD is an Associate Professor and Associate Dean of Research at Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda. He has authored more than 60 research papers, five book chapters, and contributed significantly to sustainability research, including a publication on circular economy principles in manufacturing. His expertise lies in sustainable manufacturing, circular economy in manufacturing, and green machining. M. Bhuvanesh Kumar, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Kongu Engineering College, Erode, India. He has published several articles in national and international journals of repute. His research interests include manufacturing engineering, fuzzy multi-criteria decision making, production and operations management, lean production systems, and supply chain management. Ganapathy Thirukkotti, PhD is an Associate Professor at PSR Engineering College. With over nine years of experience in both the academic and industrial sectors, he has published 12 research papers and holds three patents. His expertise spans natural fibre composites, 3D printing, and friction stir welding.

• Preface xxi1 Introduction to Circular Economy in the Manufacturing Sector 1Uma Sankar Behera and Sourav Poddar1.1 Introduction 21.2 Role of CE in the Manufacturing Sector 61.3 Benefits of CE in the Manufacturing Sector 81.4 Challenges in Implementing CE 101.5 Global Case Studies 111.6 Policies and Regulatory Frameworks 191.7 Future Outlook and Opportunities Involved 231.8 Conclusion 242 Understanding Circular Design and Product Lifecycle 35Milad Heidari, Jeyaprakash Natarajan, Khalid Anwar and Amirhossein Ali Memari2.1 Introduction 362.2 Importance of Circular Design in Sustainable Manufacturing 392.3 Design Principles: Durability, Modularity, and Recyclability 442.4 Product Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Eco-Design Strategies 492.5 Case Studies of Circular Design in Practice 552.6 Conclusion and Future Outlook 593 Material Flow Optimization and Resource Efficiency 65N. Prakash, P. Karthikeyan, M. Dharshne, K. Nakul, T. Soundaryalaksmi and M. Tishitaa3.1 Introduction 663.2 Strategies for Minimizing Material Consumption 693.3 Efficient Use of Raw Materials and Sustainable Sourcing 743.4 Technologies for Improving Material Efficiency 783.5 Best Practices for Reducing Material Waste in Manufacturing 833.6 Challenges and Barriers 873.7 Case Studies and Industrial Applications 923.8 Strategic Recommendations 953.9 Conclusion 1004 Impact on Closed-Loop Supply Chains and Reverse Logistics in Modern Sustainable Business Practices 107N. Prakash, P. Karthikeyan, M. Dharshne, S. Nithish and S. Sangavi4.1 Introduction 1084.2 Concept of Closed-Loop Supply Chains and Their Significance 1114.3 Reverse Logistics for Product Returns, Remanufacturing, and Recycling 1144.4 Implementation Strategies for Creating Circular Supply Chains 1204.5 Case Studies on Companies Implementing Closed-Loop Supply Chains 1244.6 Challenges in CLSC and Reverse Logistics 1304.7 Strategic Recommendations 1344.8 Conclusion 1365 Remanufacturing and Product Refurbishment 141Awafung Emmanuel Adie, George Uwadiegwu Alaneme, Sharon Kiprotich, Peter O. Ohiero and Val Hyginus Udoka Eze5.1 Introduction 1425.2 Objectives 1445.3 Definition of Remanufacturing and Refurbishment 1445.4 Core Processes in Remanufacturing 1465.5 Applications of Remanufacturing in Key Industries 1615.6 Economic and Environmental Impacts of Remanufacturing 1625.7 Problems and Issues of Remanufacturing 1645.8 Best Practices of an Efficient Remanufacturing 1655.9 Effective Distribution in Remanufacturing: Examples and Sustainability Integration 1655.10 Linkage with Sustainability Goals 1655.11 Remanufacturing and Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence 1665.12 Circular Economy Integration in Remanufacturing 1706 Waste Reduction and Recycling Strategies 179Ismaila Mahmud, Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Mutiu Shola Bakare and Ibrahim Sani Madugu6.1 General Introduction 1806.2 Waste Management Initiatives 1826.3 Issues on Reliable Data on Waste 1916.4 Waste Management Technologies 1956.5 Conclusion 2047 Collaborative Partnerships and Ecosystem Building 213A.U. Lawan, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Ibrahim Sani Madugu and Mutiu Shola Bakare7.1 Introduction 2147.2 The Strategic Importance of Collaboration in Circular Economy Implementation 2157.3 Forms of Collaboration and Thematic Synthesis of Collaboration Trends 2187.4 Actor Roles in Circular Ecosystems 2227.5 Industrial Symbiosis and Shared Platforms 2297.6 Case Studies of Circular Partnerships 2337.7 Barriers and Enablers to Effective Collaboration and Sectoral Insights into CE Adoption 2397.8 Digital Tools and Platforms for Ecosystem Integration and Collaboration 2437.9 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations 2448 Metrics and Performance Measurement for Circular Economy 253N. Prakash, M. Dharshne, P. Karthikeyan, A. Kaviya Sree and S. Krishnashree8.1 Introduction 2548.2 The Role of Metrics in CE 2568.3 KPIs for CE Success 2598.4 Tools and Frameworks for Circular Performance Assessment 2638.5 LCA and MFA 2698.6 Benchmarking and Reporting Best Practices 2748.7 Future Directions in Measuring Circularity 2788.8 Conclusion 2829 Regulatory Compliance and Policy Considerations 289Milad Heidari, Jeyaprakash Natarajan, Sivasakthivel Thangavel, Pooyan Rahmanivahid and Lojin Jawad9.1 Introduction 2899.2 Regulatory Landscape for Circular Economy 2929.3 National and Regional Compliance Strategies 2979.4 Policy Instruments Supporting the Circular Economy 3009.5 Policy Challenges and Barriers 3059.6 Policy Recommendations and Future Directions 3059.7 Conclusion 30910 Optimizing Material Handling in Manufacturing Production Shops 313Milad Heidari, Jeyaprakash Natarajan, Khalid Anwar, Amirhossein Ali Memari and Mohammad Ali Valikhani10.1 Introduction 31410.2 Fundamentals of Material Handling 31710.3 Strategies for Optimization 31910.4 Role of Technology in Modern Material Handling 32110.5 Lean and Sustainable Approaches 32610.6 Performance Metrics and Evaluation 32610.7 Case Studies and Best Practices 32910.8 Future Trends and Research Directions 33310.9 Conclusion 33611 Future Trends and Opportunities in Circular Manufacturing 341S. Arivazhagan, Thirukkotti Ganapathy, B. Arulmurugan and N. Muthukumaran11.1 Introduction 34211.2 Technological Enablers for CM 34511.3 Sectoral Innovations and Future Applications 35311.4 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks 35611.5 Strategic Opportunities 36011.6 Conclusion 36212 Circular Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering Applications 369V. Sivaprakash, R. Narayanan, A. Revathi, S. Balakrishnan and Thirukkotti Ganapathy12.1 Introduction 36912.2 Biocompatibility Property 37012.3 Biomaterials 37112.4 Metals Biomaterials 37112.5 Ceramics Biomaterials 37312.6 Polymers Biomaterials 37412.7 Composites Biomaterials 37512.8 Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering 37612.9 Three-Dimensional Printing of Biomaterials 37612.10 Smart Biomaterials 37812.11 Antimicrobial Features of Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications 37912.12 Biomaterials Fabrication Process 38012.13 Tissue Engineering 39112.14 Conclusion 39413 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Procurement Strategies 407S. Deepika13.1 Introduction 40813.2 Role of Sustainable Procurement 41113.3 Green Procurement Strategies 41313.4 Supplier Engagement and Collaboration in Sustainable Procurement 41513.5 Ethical Procurement Framework 41613.6 Sustainable Procurement Metrics & Tools 41913.7 Challenges and Future Directions 42214 Integration of Digital Technologies (AI, IoT, and Blockchain) for Circular Manufacturing 429Val Hyginus Udoka Eze, George Uwadiegwu Alaneme, Vincent Chukwudi Chijindu, Awafung Emmanuel Adie and N. Poyyamozhi14.1 Introduction 43014.2 Role of AI in Circular Manufacturing 44114.3 IoT Applications in Circular Manufacturing 44714.4 Blockchain for Transparency and Traceability 45014.5 Integration of AI, IoT, and Blockchain 45414.6 Predictive Maintenance and Smart Manufacturing 46314.7 Case Studies of Digital Circular Manufacturing 47014.8 Challenges and Future Directions 47714.9 Concluding Remarks 47914.10 Exercise Questions 48015 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Utilization in Circular Manufacturing 495Mutiu Shola Bakare, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Ismail Muhamud, Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman, Ibrahim Sani Madugu and Val Hyginus Udoka Eze15.1 General Introduction 49615.2 Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Circular Economy Transitions 50915.3 Strategies for Reducing Energy Consumption in Production Processes 51415.4 Case Studies of Energy-Efficient Manufacturing Facilities 51815.5 Conclusion 52416 Human Capital, Workforce Training, and Circular Economy Skills Development 535Val Hyginus Udoka Eze, Addah Kyarisiima, Zaina Kalyankolo, Josephine Najjobyo and Eze Chidinma Esther16.1 Introduction 53616.2 Program Design Principles 54016.3 The Role of Universities and Research Institutions 54616.4 Case Studies: Industry–Academic Collaboration for AI Skills 55016.5 AI Implementation Toolkit for Firms, Clusters, and Policymakers 55416.6 Concluding Remarks 56217 Investment, Business Models, and Financial Strategies for Circular Manufacturing 569N. Prakash, P. Karthikeyan, M. Dharshne, S. Brinda and M. Logitha17.1 Introduction 57017.2 Financial Benefits of Transitioning to Circular Manufacturing 57217.3 Investment Opportunities in Circular Business Models 58517.4 Risk Management and Financial Incentives for Circular Manufacturing 59517.5 CE Case Studies 598Conclusion 600References 601Index 605

Jeyaprakash Natarajan, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Global College of Engineering and Technology, Muscat, Oman. He has published more than 120 peer-reviewed research articles, 25 book chapters, and five books. He teaches various postgraduate courses in automotive, mechanical, manufacturing, and laser ultrasound, and conducts academic research and consultancy. Milon Selvam Dennison, PhD is an Associate Professor and Associate Dean of Research at Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda. He has authored more than 60 research papers, five book chapters, and contributed significantly to sustainability research, including a publication on circular economy principles in manufacturing. His expertise lies in sustainable manufacturing, circular economy in manufacturing, and green machining. M. Bhuvanesh Kumar, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Kongu Engineering College, Erode, India. He has published several articles in national and international journals of repute. His research interests include manufacturing engineering, fuzzy multi-criteria decision making, production and operations management, lean production systems, and supply chain management. Ganapathy Thirukkotti, PhD is an Associate Professor at PSR Engineering College. With over nine years of experience in both the academic and industrial sectors, he has published 12 research papers and holds three patents. His expertise spans natural fibre composites, 3D printing, and friction stir welding.

• Preface xxi1 Introduction to Circular Economy in the Manufacturing Sector 1Uma Sankar Behera and Sourav Poddar1.1 Introduction 21.2 Role of CE in the Manufacturing Sector 61.3 Benefits of CE in the Manufacturing Sector 81.4 Challenges in Implementing CE 101.5 Global Case Studies 111.6 Policies and Regulatory Frameworks 191.7 Future Outlook and Opportunities Involved 231.8 Conclusion 242 Understanding Circular Design and Product Lifecycle 35Milad Heidari, Jeyaprakash Natarajan, Khalid Anwar and Amirhossein Ali Memari2.1 Introduction 362.2 Importance of Circular Design in Sustainable Manufacturing 392.3 Design Principles: Durability, Modularity, and Recyclability 442.4 Product Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Eco-Design Strategies 492.5 Case Studies of Circular Design in Practice 552.6 Conclusion and Future Outlook 593 Material Flow Optimization and Resource Efficiency 65N. Prakash, P. Karthikeyan, M. Dharshne, K. Nakul, T. Soundaryalaksmi and M. Tishitaa3.1 Introduction 663.2 Strategies for Minimizing Material Consumption 693.3 Efficient Use of Raw Materials and Sustainable Sourcing 743.4 Technologies for Improving Material Efficiency 783.5 Best Practices for Reducing Material Waste in Manufacturing 833.6 Challenges and Barriers 873.7 Case Studies and Industrial Applications 923.8 Strategic Recommendations 953.9 Conclusion 1004 Impact on Closed-Loop Supply Chains and Reverse Logistics in Modern Sustainable Business Practices 107N. Prakash, P. Karthikeyan, M. Dharshne, S. Nithish and S. Sangavi4.1 Introduction 1084.2 Concept of Closed-Loop Supply Chains and Their Significance 1114.3 Reverse Logistics for Product Returns, Remanufacturing, and Recycling 1144.4 Implementation Strategies for Creating Circular Supply Chains 1204.5 Case Studies on Companies Implementing Closed-Loop Supply Chains 1244.6 Challenges in CLSC and Reverse Logistics 1304.7 Strategic Recommendations 1344.8 Conclusion 1365 Remanufacturing and Product Refurbishment 141Awafung Emmanuel Adie, George Uwadiegwu Alaneme, Sharon Kiprotich, Peter O. Ohiero and Val Hyginus Udoka Eze5.1 Introduction 1425.2 Objectives 1445.3 Definition of Remanufacturing and Refurbishment 1445.4 Core Processes in Remanufacturing 1465.5 Applications of Remanufacturing in Key Industries 1615.6 Economic and Environmental Impacts of Remanufacturing 1625.7 Problems and Issues of Remanufacturing 1645.8 Best Practices of an Efficient Remanufacturing 1655.9 Effective Distribution in Remanufacturing: Examples and Sustainability Integration 1655.10 Linkage with Sustainability Goals 1655.11 Remanufacturing and Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence 1665.12 Circular Economy Integration in Remanufacturing 1706 Waste Reduction and Recycling Strategies 179Ismaila Mahmud, Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Mutiu Shola Bakare and Ibrahim Sani Madugu6.1 General Introduction 1806.2 Waste Management Initiatives 1826.3 Issues on Reliable Data on Waste 1916.4 Waste Management Technologies 1956.5 Conclusion 2047 Collaborative Partnerships and Ecosystem Building 213A.U. Lawan, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Ibrahim Sani Madugu and Mutiu Shola Bakare7.1 Introduction 2147.2 The Strategic Importance of Collaboration in Circular Economy Implementation 2157.3 Forms of Collaboration and Thematic Synthesis of Collaboration Trends 2187.4 Actor Roles in Circular Ecosystems 2227.5 Industrial Symbiosis and Shared Platforms 2297.6 Case Studies of Circular Partnerships 2337.7 Barriers and Enablers to Effective Collaboration and Sectoral Insights into CE Adoption 2397.8 Digital Tools and Platforms for Ecosystem Integration and Collaboration 2437.9 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations 2448 Metrics and Performance Measurement for Circular Economy 253N. Prakash, M. Dharshne, P. Karthikeyan, A. Kaviya Sree and S. Krishnashree8.1 Introduction 2548.2 The Role of Metrics in CE 2568.3 KPIs for CE Success 2598.4 Tools and Frameworks for Circular Performance Assessment 2638.5 LCA and MFA 2698.6 Benchmarking and Reporting Best Practices 2748.7 Future Directions in Measuring Circularity 2788.8 Conclusion 2829 Regulatory Compliance and Policy Considerations 289Milad Heidari, Jeyaprakash Natarajan, Sivasakthivel Thangavel, Pooyan Rahmanivahid and Lojin Jawad9.1 Introduction 2899.2 Regulatory Landscape for Circular Economy 2929.3 National and Regional Compliance Strategies 2979.4 Policy Instruments Supporting the Circular Economy 3009.5 Policy Challenges and Barriers 3059.6 Policy Recommendations and Future Directions 3059.7 Conclusion 30910 Optimizing Material Handling in Manufacturing Production Shops 313Milad Heidari, Jeyaprakash Natarajan, Khalid Anwar, Amirhossein Ali Memari and Mohammad Ali Valikhani10.1 Introduction 31410.2 Fundamentals of Material Handling 31710.3 Strategies for Optimization 31910.4 Role of Technology in Modern Material Handling 32110.5 Lean and Sustainable Approaches 32610.6 Performance Metrics and Evaluation 32610.7 Case Studies and Best Practices 32910.8 Future Trends and Research Directions 33310.9 Conclusion 33611 Future Trends and Opportunities in Circular Manufacturing 341S. Arivazhagan, Thirukkotti Ganapathy, B. Arulmurugan and N. Muthukumaran11.1 Introduction 34211.2 Technological Enablers for CM 34511.3 Sectoral Innovations and Future Applications 35311.4 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks 35611.5 Strategic Opportunities 36011.6 Conclusion 36212 Circular Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering Applications 369V. Sivaprakash, R. Narayanan, A. Revathi, S. Balakrishnan and Thirukkotti Ganapathy12.1 Introduction 36912.2 Biocompatibility Property 37012.3 Biomaterials 37112.4 Metals Biomaterials 37112.5 Ceramics Biomaterials 37312.6 Polymers Biomaterials 37412.7 Composites Biomaterials 37512.8 Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering 37612.9 Three-Dimensional Printing of Biomaterials 37612.10 Smart Biomaterials 37812.11 Antimicrobial Features of Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications 37912.12 Biomaterials Fabrication Process 38012.13 Tissue Engineering 39112.14 Conclusion 39413 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Procurement Strategies 407S. Deepika13.1 Introduction 40813.2 Role of Sustainable Procurement 41113.3 Green Procurement Strategies 41313.4 Supplier Engagement and Collaboration in Sustainable Procurement 41513.5 Ethical Procurement Framework 41613.6 Sustainable Procurement Metrics & Tools 41913.7 Challenges and Future Directions 42214 Integration of Digital Technologies (AI, IoT, and Blockchain) for Circular Manufacturing 429Val Hyginus Udoka Eze, George Uwadiegwu Alaneme, Vincent Chukwudi Chijindu, Awafung Emmanuel Adie and N. Poyyamozhi14.1 Introduction 43014.2 Role of AI in Circular Manufacturing 44114.3 IoT Applications in Circular Manufacturing 44714.4 Blockchain for Transparency and Traceability 45014.5 Integration of AI, IoT, and Blockchain 45414.6 Predictive Maintenance and Smart Manufacturing 46314.7 Case Studies of Digital Circular Manufacturing 47014.8 Challenges and Future Directions 47714.9 Concluding Remarks 47914.10 Exercise Questions 48015 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Utilization in Circular Manufacturing 495Mutiu Shola Bakare, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Ismail Muhamud, Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman, Ibrahim Sani Madugu and Val Hyginus Udoka Eze15.1 General Introduction 49615.2 Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Circular Economy Transitions 50915.3 Strategies for Reducing Energy Consumption in Production Processes 51415.4 Case Studies of Energy-Efficient Manufacturing Facilities 51815.5 Conclusion 52416 Human Capital, Workforce Training, and Circular Economy Skills Development 535Val Hyginus Udoka Eze, Addah Kyarisiima, Zaina Kalyankolo, Josephine Najjobyo and Eze Chidinma Esther16.1 Introduction 53616.2 Program Design Principles 54016.3 The Role of Universities and Research Institutions 54616.4 Case Studies: Industry–Academic Collaboration for AI Skills 55016.5 AI Implementation Toolkit for Firms, Clusters, and Policymakers 55416.6 Concluding Remarks 56217 Investment, Business Models, and Financial Strategies for Circular Manufacturing 569N. Prakash, P. Karthikeyan, M. Dharshne, S. Brinda and M. Logitha17.1 Introduction 57017.2 Financial Benefits of Transitioning to Circular Manufacturing 57217.3 Investment Opportunities in Circular Business Models 58517.4 Risk Management and Financial Incentives for Circular Manufacturing 59517.5 CE Case Studies 598Conclusion 600References 601Index 605

Jeyaprakash Natarajan, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Global College of Engineering and Technology, Muscat, Oman. He has published more than 120 peer-reviewed research articles, 25 book chapters, and five books. He teaches various postgraduate courses in automotive, mechanical, manufacturing, and laser ultrasound, and conducts academic research and consultancy. Milon Selvam Dennison, PhD is an Associate Professor and Associate Dean of Research at Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda. He has authored more than 60 research papers, five book chapters, and contributed significantly to sustainability research, including a publication on circular economy principles in manufacturing. His expertise lies in sustainable manufacturing, circular economy in manufacturing, and green machining. M. Bhuvanesh Kumar, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Kongu Engineering College, Erode, India. He has published several articles in national and international journals of repute. His research interests include manufacturing engineering, fuzzy multi-criteria decision making, production and operations management, lean production systems, and supply chain management. Ganapathy Thirukkotti, PhD is an Associate Professor at PSR Engineering College. With over nine years of experience in both the academic and industrial sectors, he has published 12 research papers and holds three patents. His expertise spans natural fibre composites, 3D printing, and friction stir welding.

• Preface xxi1 Introduction to Circular Economy in the Manufacturing Sector 1Uma Sankar Behera and Sourav Poddar1.1 Introduction 21.2 Role of CE in the Manufacturing Sector 61.3 Benefits of CE in the Manufacturing Sector 81.4 Challenges in Implementing CE 101.5 Global Case Studies 111.6 Policies and Regulatory Frameworks 191.7 Future Outlook and Opportunities Involved 231.8 Conclusion 242 Understanding Circular Design and Product Lifecycle 35Milad Heidari, Jeyaprakash Natarajan, Khalid Anwar and Amirhossein Ali Memari2.1 Introduction 362.2 Importance of Circular Design in Sustainable Manufacturing 392.3 Design Principles: Durability, Modularity, and Recyclability 442.4 Product Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Eco-Design Strategies 492.5 Case Studies of Circular Design in Practice 552.6 Conclusion and Future Outlook 593 Material Flow Optimization and Resource Efficiency 65N. Prakash, P. Karthikeyan, M. Dharshne, K. Nakul, T. Soundaryalaksmi and M. Tishitaa3.1 Introduction 663.2 Strategies for Minimizing Material Consumption 693.3 Efficient Use of Raw Materials and Sustainable Sourcing 743.4 Technologies for Improving Material Efficiency 783.5 Best Practices for Reducing Material Waste in Manufacturing 833.6 Challenges and Barriers 873.7 Case Studies and Industrial Applications 923.8 Strategic Recommendations 953.9 Conclusion 1004 Impact on Closed-Loop Supply Chains and Reverse Logistics in Modern Sustainable Business Practices 107N. Prakash, P. Karthikeyan, M. Dharshne, S. Nithish and S. Sangavi4.1 Introduction 1084.2 Concept of Closed-Loop Supply Chains and Their Significance 1114.3 Reverse Logistics for Product Returns, Remanufacturing, and Recycling 1144.4 Implementation Strategies for Creating Circular Supply Chains 1204.5 Case Studies on Companies Implementing Closed-Loop Supply Chains 1244.6 Challenges in CLSC and Reverse Logistics 1304.7 Strategic Recommendations 1344.8 Conclusion 1365 Remanufacturing and Product Refurbishment 141Awafung Emmanuel Adie, George Uwadiegwu Alaneme, Sharon Kiprotich, Peter O. Ohiero and Val Hyginus Udoka Eze5.1 Introduction 1425.2 Objectives 1445.3 Definition of Remanufacturing and Refurbishment 1445.4 Core Processes in Remanufacturing 1465.5 Applications of Remanufacturing in Key Industries 1615.6 Economic and Environmental Impacts of Remanufacturing 1625.7 Problems and Issues of Remanufacturing 1645.8 Best Practices of an Efficient Remanufacturing 1655.9 Effective Distribution in Remanufacturing: Examples and Sustainability Integration 1655.10 Linkage with Sustainability Goals 1655.11 Remanufacturing and Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence 1665.12 Circular Economy Integration in Remanufacturing 1706 Waste Reduction and Recycling Strategies 179Ismaila Mahmud, Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Mutiu Shola Bakare and Ibrahim Sani Madugu6.1 General Introduction 1806.2 Waste Management Initiatives 1826.3 Issues on Reliable Data on Waste 1916.4 Waste Management Technologies 1956.5 Conclusion 2047 Collaborative Partnerships and Ecosystem Building 213A.U. Lawan, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Ibrahim Sani Madugu and Mutiu Shola Bakare7.1 Introduction 2147.2 The Strategic Importance of Collaboration in Circular Economy Implementation 2157.3 Forms of Collaboration and Thematic Synthesis of Collaboration Trends 2187.4 Actor Roles in Circular Ecosystems 2227.5 Industrial Symbiosis and Shared Platforms 2297.6 Case Studies of Circular Partnerships 2337.7 Barriers and Enablers to Effective Collaboration and Sectoral Insights into CE Adoption 2397.8 Digital Tools and Platforms for Ecosystem Integration and Collaboration 2437.9 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations 2448 Metrics and Performance Measurement for Circular Economy 253N. Prakash, M. Dharshne, P. Karthikeyan, A. Kaviya Sree and S. Krishnashree8.1 Introduction 2548.2 The Role of Metrics in CE 2568.3 KPIs for CE Success 2598.4 Tools and Frameworks for Circular Performance Assessment 2638.5 LCA and MFA 2698.6 Benchmarking and Reporting Best Practices 2748.7 Future Directions in Measuring Circularity 2788.8 Conclusion 2829 Regulatory Compliance and Policy Considerations 289Milad Heidari, Jeyaprakash Natarajan, Sivasakthivel Thangavel, Pooyan Rahmanivahid and Lojin Jawad9.1 Introduction 2899.2 Regulatory Landscape for Circular Economy 2929.3 National and Regional Compliance Strategies 2979.4 Policy Instruments Supporting the Circular Economy 3009.5 Policy Challenges and Barriers 3059.6 Policy Recommendations and Future Directions 3059.7 Conclusion 30910 Optimizing Material Handling in Manufacturing Production Shops 313Milad Heidari, Jeyaprakash Natarajan, Khalid Anwar, Amirhossein Ali Memari and Mohammad Ali Valikhani10.1 Introduction 31410.2 Fundamentals of Material Handling 31710.3 Strategies for Optimization 31910.4 Role of Technology in Modern Material Handling 32110.5 Lean and Sustainable Approaches 32610.6 Performance Metrics and Evaluation 32610.7 Case Studies and Best Practices 32910.8 Future Trends and Research Directions 33310.9 Conclusion 33611 Future Trends and Opportunities in Circular Manufacturing 341S. Arivazhagan, Thirukkotti Ganapathy, B. Arulmurugan and N. Muthukumaran11.1 Introduction 34211.2 Technological Enablers for CM 34511.3 Sectoral Innovations and Future Applications 35311.4 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks 35611.5 Strategic Opportunities 36011.6 Conclusion 36212 Circular Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering Applications 369V. Sivaprakash, R. Narayanan, A. Revathi, S. Balakrishnan and Thirukkotti Ganapathy12.1 Introduction 36912.2 Biocompatibility Property 37012.3 Biomaterials 37112.4 Metals Biomaterials 37112.5 Ceramics Biomaterials 37312.6 Polymers Biomaterials 37412.7 Composites Biomaterials 37512.8 Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering 37612.9 Three-Dimensional Printing of Biomaterials 37612.10 Smart Biomaterials 37812.11 Antimicrobial Features of Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications 37912.12 Biomaterials Fabrication Process 38012.13 Tissue Engineering 39112.14 Conclusion 39413 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Procurement Strategies 407S. Deepika13.1 Introduction 40813.2 Role of Sustainable Procurement 41113.3 Green Procurement Strategies 41313.4 Supplier Engagement and Collaboration in Sustainable Procurement 41513.5 Ethical Procurement Framework 41613.6 Sustainable Procurement Metrics & Tools 41913.7 Challenges and Future Directions 42214 Integration of Digital Technologies (AI, IoT, and Blockchain) for Circular Manufacturing 429Val Hyginus Udoka Eze, George Uwadiegwu Alaneme, Vincent Chukwudi Chijindu, Awafung Emmanuel Adie and N. Poyyamozhi14.1 Introduction 43014.2 Role of AI in Circular Manufacturing 44114.3 IoT Applications in Circular Manufacturing 44714.4 Blockchain for Transparency and Traceability 45014.5 Integration of AI, IoT, and Blockchain 45414.6 Predictive Maintenance and Smart Manufacturing 46314.7 Case Studies of Digital Circular Manufacturing 47014.8 Challenges and Future Directions 47714.9 Concluding Remarks 47914.10 Exercise Questions 48015 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Utilization in Circular Manufacturing 495Mutiu Shola Bakare, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Ismail Muhamud, Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman, Ibrahim Sani Madugu and Val Hyginus Udoka Eze15.1 General Introduction 49615.2 Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Circular Economy Transitions 50915.3 Strategies for Reducing Energy Consumption in Production Processes 51415.4 Case Studies of Energy-Efficient Manufacturing Facilities 51815.5 Conclusion 52416 Human Capital, Workforce Training, and Circular Economy Skills Development 535Val Hyginus Udoka Eze, Addah Kyarisiima, Zaina Kalyankolo, Josephine Najjobyo and Eze Chidinma Esther16.1 Introduction 53616.2 Program Design Principles 54016.3 The Role of Universities and Research Institutions 54616.4 Case Studies: Industry–Academic Collaboration for AI Skills 55016.5 AI Implementation Toolkit for Firms, Clusters, and Policymakers 55416.6 Concluding Remarks 56217 Investment, Business Models, and Financial Strategies for Circular Manufacturing 569N. Prakash, P. Karthikeyan, M. Dharshne, S. Brinda and M. Logitha17.1 Introduction 57017.2 Financial Benefits of Transitioning to Circular Manufacturing 57217.3 Investment Opportunities in Circular Business Models 58517.4 Risk Management and Financial Incentives for Circular Manufacturing 59517.5 CE Case Studies 598Conclusion 600References 601Index 605