From the reviews: "...An excellent collection of essays in the philosophy of medicine. Whereas most philosophical work about medicine has been concerned with medical ethics, this volume focuses more on key questions in epistemology and metaphysics, although many of these are also relevant to ethical issues. Some of the chapters are among the best I have read in the philosophy of medicine on their respective topics." (Professor Paul Thagard, Philosophy Department, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada) "Establishing Medical Reality: Essays in the Metaphysics and Epistemology of Biomedical Science contains exactly what its sub-title promises: a collection of essays on topics in the philosophy of medicine. ... In sum, this collection contains a number of clear and thoughtful essays on core issues in the philosophy of medicine, particularly issues related to health and disease. ... Bioethicists with an interest in metaphysical and epistemological issues within medicine ... would be well served by reading this collection ... ." (Kirstin Borgerson, Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, January, 2010)

• Normality, Disease and Enhancement.- Holistic Theories of Health as Applicable to Non-Human Living Beings.- Disease and the Concept of Supervenience.- Decision and Discovery in Defining ‘Disease’.- Race and Scientific Reduction.- Towards an Adequate Account of Genetic Disease.- Why Disease Persists: An Evolutionary Nosology.- Creating Mental Illness in Non-Disordered Community Populations.- Gender Identity Disorder.- Clinical Trials as Nomological Machines: Implications for Evidence-Based Medicine.- The Social Epistemology of NIH Consensus Conferences.- Maternal Agency and the Immunological Paradox of Pregnancy.- Violence and Public Health: Exploring the Relationship Between Biological Perspectives on Violent Behavior and Public Health Approaches to Violence Prevention.- Taking Equipoise Seriously: The Failure of Clinical or Community Equipoise to Resolve the Ethical Dilemmas in Randomized Clinical Trials.

From the reviews: "...An excellent collection of essays in the philosophy of medicine. Whereas most philosophical work about medicine has been concerned with medical ethics, this volume focuses more on key questions in epistemology and metaphysics, although many of these are also relevant to ethical issues. Some of the chapters are among the best I have read in the philosophy of medicine on their respective topics." (Professor Paul Thagard, Philosophy Department, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada) "Establishing Medical Reality: Essays in the Metaphysics and Epistemology of Biomedical Science contains exactly what its sub-title promises: a collection of essays on topics in the philosophy of medicine. ... In sum, this collection contains a number of clear and thoughtful essays on core issues in the philosophy of medicine, particularly issues related to health and disease. ... Bioethicists with an interest in metaphysical and epistemological issues within medicine ... would be well served by reading this collection ... ." (Kirstin Borgerson, Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, January, 2010)

• Normality, Disease and Enhancement.- Holistic Theories of Health as Applicable to Non-Human Living Beings.- Disease and the Concept of Supervenience.- Decision and Discovery in Defining ‘Disease’.- Race and Scientific Reduction.- Towards an Adequate Account of Genetic Disease.- Why Disease Persists: An Evolutionary Nosology.- Creating Mental Illness in Non-Disordered Community Populations.- Gender Identity Disorder.- Clinical Trials as Nomological Machines: Implications for Evidence-Based Medicine.- The Social Epistemology of NIH Consensus Conferences.- Maternal Agency and the Immunological Paradox of Pregnancy.- Violence and Public Health: Exploring the Relationship Between Biological Perspectives on Violent Behavior and Public Health Approaches to Violence Prevention.- Taking Equipoise Seriously: The Failure of Clinical or Community Equipoise to Resolve the Ethical Dilemmas in Randomized Clinical Trials.

From the reviews: "...An excellent collection of essays in the philosophy of medicine. Whereas most philosophical work about medicine has been concerned with medical ethics, this volume focuses more on key questions in epistemology and metaphysics, although many of these are also relevant to ethical issues. Some of the chapters are among the best I have read in the philosophy of medicine on their respective topics." (Professor Paul Thagard, Philosophy Department, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada) "Establishing Medical Reality: Essays in the Metaphysics and Epistemology of Biomedical Science contains exactly what its sub-title promises: a collection of essays on topics in the philosophy of medicine. ... In sum, this collection contains a number of clear and thoughtful essays on core issues in the philosophy of medicine, particularly issues related to health and disease. ... Bioethicists with an interest in metaphysical and epistemological issues within medicine ... would be well served by reading this collection ... ." (Kirstin Borgerson, Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, January, 2010)

• Normality, Disease and Enhancement.- Holistic Theories of Health as Applicable to Non-Human Living Beings.- Disease and the Concept of Supervenience.- Decision and Discovery in Defining ‘Disease’.- Race and Scientific Reduction.- Towards an Adequate Account of Genetic Disease.- Why Disease Persists: An Evolutionary Nosology.- Creating Mental Illness in Non-Disordered Community Populations.- Gender Identity Disorder.- Clinical Trials as Nomological Machines: Implications for Evidence-Based Medicine.- The Social Epistemology of NIH Consensus Conferences.- Maternal Agency and the Immunological Paradox of Pregnancy.- Violence and Public Health: Exploring the Relationship Between Biological Perspectives on Violent Behavior and Public Health Approaches to Violence Prevention.- Taking Equipoise Seriously: The Failure of Clinical or Community Equipoise to Resolve the Ethical Dilemmas in Randomized Clinical Trials.