Architectural Theory, Volume 2

Harry Francis Mallgrave is Associate Professor of History and Theory at the Illinois Institute of Technology. His 1996 book Gottfried Semper: Architect of the Nineteenth Century was awarded the Alice Davis Hitchcock Award by the Society of Architectural Historians. He is also the author of Modern Architectural Theory 1673–1968 (2005) and the editor of Architectural Theory: Volume I: An Anthology From Vitruvius to 1870 (Blackwell, 2006).Christina Contandriopoulos was trained as an architect at Université de Montréal (Canada) and practiced architecture in Montreal and Paris. She is currently completing her Ph.D Thesis at McGill University.

“An invaluable resource and a great read. The different voices of many generations of modernists come alive in their struggles to shape themselves and their times. Rich, inclusive, and surprising.” Professor Detlef Mertins, Chair of the Architecture Program, University of Pennsylvania. "This book is a collection of extraordinary readings for those with an interest in Architectural Theory. It is a critically conceived resource of great value, an indispensable source to professors and students of architecture and professionals interested in architectural theory." Marco Frascari, Director, Azrieli School of Architecture, Carleton University

• Acknowledgements. General Introduction.Part I: Early Modernism.A. The Arts and Crafts Movement in Great Britain.Introduction.1. John Ruskin from Fors Clavigera (1871).2. Christopher Dresser from Studies in Design (1874-76).3. Richard Redgrave from Manual of Design (1876).4. William Morris from The Prospects of Architecture in Civilization (1881).5. Christopher Dresser from Japan: Its Architecture, Art, and Art Manufacturers (1882).6. Oscar Wilde from Art and the Handicraftsman (1882).7. Arthur H. Mackmurdo from Arbitrary Conditions of Art (1884).8. William Morris from The Revival of Architecture (1888).9. Walter Crane from The Claims of Decorative Art (1892).10. John D. Sedding from Design (1891?).11. Charles Rennie Mackintosh from Architecture (1893).12. C. Robert Ashbee from A Few Chapters in Workshop Re-Construction and Citizenship (1894).B. Continental Reforms.Introduction.13. Jakob Falke from Art in the House (1871).14. George Hirth from The German Renaissance Room (1880).15. Robert Dohme from The English House (1888).16. Cornelius Gurlitt from Inside the Middle-Class House (1888).17. Louis-Charles Boileau from Shops of the Bon Marché in Paris—Grand Staircase (1876).18. Charles Blanc from The Fine Arts at the Universal Exposition of 1878 (1878).19. Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc from The Buildings of the Universal Exposition of 1878 (1878).20. Émile Zola from Au Bonheur des Dames (1883).21. Joris-Karl Huysmans from Against Nature (1884).22. Samuel Bing from Artistic Japan (1888).23. Joseph Eugene Anatole de Baudot from The Architecture of the Universal Exposition of 1889 (1889).24. Louis Gonse from The Architecture of the Universal Exposition of 1889 (1889).25. Edmond de Goncourt from Journal, mémoires de la vie littéraire (1895).C. Reforms in the United States.Introduction.26. Henry Hudson Holly from Modern Dwellings: Their Construction, Decoration, and Furniture (1876).27. Robert Swain Peabody from Georgian Homes of New England (1877).28. Clarence Cook from House Beautiful (1877).29. Leopold Eidlitz from The Nature and Function of Art: More Especially of Architecture (1881).30. Louis Sullivan from Characteristic and Tendencies of American Architecture (1885).31. George William Sheldon from Artistic Country-Seats (1886).32. John Root, et al from What are the Present Tendencies in Architectural Design in America (1887).33. Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer from Henry Hobson Richardson and His Works (1888).34. Friedrich Baumann from Thoughts on Architecture (1889).35. Louis Sullivan from Ornament in Architecture (1892).36. Montgomery Schuler from Last Words about the World's Fair (1894).37. Louis Sullivan from Emotion Architecture as Compared with Intellectual (1894).D. Conceptual Underpinnings of German Modernism: Space, Form, and Realism.Introduction.38. Richard Lucae from On the Aesthetic Development of Iron Construction, especially its Use in Spaces of a Significant Span (1870).39. Friedrich Nietzsche from The Use and Abuse of History (1872).40. Robert Vischer from On the Optical Sense of Form (1872).41. Constantine Lipsius from On the Aesthetic Treatment of Iron in Tall Building (1878).42. Conrad Fiedler from Observations on the Nature and History of Architecture (1878).43. Hans Auer from The Development of Space in Architecture (1883).44. Josef Bayer from Style Crisis of our Time (1886).45. Heinrich Wölfflin from Prolegomena to a Psychology of Architecture (1886).46. Adolf Göller from What is the Cause of Perpetual Style Change in Architecture? (1887).47. Cornelius Gurlitt from Göller's Aesthetic Theory (1887).48. Ferdinand Tönnies from Community and Society (1887).49. Camillo Sitte from City Planning According to Its Artistic Principles (1889).50. August Schmarsow from The Essence of Architectural Creation (1893).Part II: The Formation of the Modern Movement: 1894-1914.A. The Wagner School and the German Werkbund.Introduction.51. Otto Wagner from Inaugural Address to the Academy of Fine Arts (1894).52. Max Fabiani from Out of the Wagner School (1895).53. Julius Lessing from New Paths (1895).54. Richard Streiter from Out of Munich (1896).55. Otto Wagner from Modern Architecture (1896).56. Richard Streiter from Contemporary Architectural Questions (1898).57. Fritz Schumacher from Style and Fashion (1898).58. August Endell from On the Possibility and Goal of a New Architecture (1898).59. Adolf Loos from Potemkin City (1898).60. Hermann Muthesius from New Ornament and New Art (1901).61. Herrmann Muthesius from Style-Architecture and Building Art (1902).62. Fritz Schumacher from The Re-conquest of a Harmonious Culture (1907).63. Adolf Loos from Ornament and Crime (1908).64. Joseph August Lux from Engineer Aesthetic (1910).65. Peter Behrens from Art and Technology (1910).66. Hermann Muthesius and Henry van de Velde from The Debate at the Cologne Werkbund Congress (1914).B. European Modernism Elsewhere.Introduction.67. Camillo Boito from On the Future Style of Italian Architecture (1880).68. Hendrik P. Berlage from Architecture and Impressionism (1894).69. Ebenezer Howard from To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898).70. Henry van de Velde from The New Ornament (1901).71. Henry van de Velde from Clarification of Principles (1902).72. Hendrik Berlage from Thoughts on Style (1905).73. Hendrik Berlage from Foundations and Development of Architecture (1908).74. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) from Study of the Decorative Art Movement in Germany (1912).75. Antonio Sant' Elia from the Messaggio (1914).76. Tont Garnier from An Industrial City (1917).C. The Chicago School.Introduction.77. Louis Sullivan from The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered (1896).78. Denkmar Adler from Function and Environment (1896).79. Oscar Lovell Triggs from Chapters in the History of the Arts and Crafts Movement (1901).80. Gustav Stickley from The Craftsman (1901).81. Frank Lloyd Wright from The Art and Craft of the Machine (1901).82. Louis Sullivan from What is Architecture? (1906).83. Frank Lloyd Wright from In the Cause of Architecture (1908).84. Gustav Stickley from Craftsman Homes (1909).85. Daniel Burnham from Plan for Chicago (1909).86. Frank Lloyd Wright from Executed Buildings and Designs of Frank Lloyd Wright (1911).87. Irving Gill from The Home of the Future: The New Architecture of the West (1916).Part III: The 1920s.A. American Modernism.Introduction.88. Frederick Winslow Taylor from The Principles of Scientific Management (1911).89. Claude Bragdon from Architecture and Democracy (1918).90. Irving K. Pond from Zoning and the Architecture of High Buildings (1921).91. Hugh Ferris from The New Architecture (1922).92. Chicago Tribune Announcement of an Architectural Competition (1922).93. Lewis Mumford from Sticks and Stones (1924).94. Lewis Mumford from The Search for 'Something More' (1928).95. Hugh Ferriss from The Metropolis of Tomorrow (1929).96. Buckminster Fuller from The Dymaxiom House (1929).97. Henry-Russell Hitchcock from Modern Architecture (1929).98. Frank Lloyd Wright from The Cardboard House (1930).99. Alfred H. Barr, Jr. from Modern Architecture: International Exhibition (1932).100. Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson from The International Style (1932).B. Soviet Constructivism.Introduction.101. V. I. Lenin from The State and Revolution (1917).102. Vladimir Tatlin et al The Work Ahead of Us (1920).103. Alexander Rodchenko from Slogans (1921).104. Aleksei Gan from Constructivism (1922).105. Moisei Ginzburg from Style and Epoch (1924).106. El Lissitzky from Element and Invention (1924).107. Nikolai Ladovsky and El Lissitzky from ASNOVA Review of the Association of New Architects (1926).C. De Stijl and Purism.Introduction.108. Theo van Doesburg et al from Manifesto 1 (1918).109. Amédée Ozenfant and Charles-Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) from Preface to L'Esprit Nouveau (1920).110. Amédée Ozenfant and Charles-Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) from Purism (1920).111. J. J. P. Oud from On the Future Architecture and its Architectural Possibilities (1921).112. Le Corbusier from Toward an Architecture (1923).113. Le Cobusier from Toward an Architecture (1923).114. Theo van Doesburg from Towards Plastic Architecture (1924).115. Mart Stam from Collective Design (1924).116. Le Corbusier from The City of Tomorrow (1925).D. Expressionism and the Bauhaus.Introduction.117. Oswald Spengler from The Decline of the West (1918).118. Hans Poelzig from Address to the Werkbund (1919).119. Manifesto Work Council for Art (1919).120. Walter Gropius from Program of the Staatliche Bauhaus in Weimar (1919).121. Bruno Taut from The Crystal Chain Letters (1919).122. Mies Van der Rohe from Skyscrapers (1922).123. Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe from Office Building (1923).124. Walter Gropius, from The Viability of the Bauhaus Idea (1922).125. Oscar Schlemmer from The First Bauhaus Exhibition in Weimar (1923).126. Walter Gropius from International Architecture (1925).E. European Modernism 1925-1932.Introduction.127. Hugo Häring from Paths to Form (1925).128. Adolf Behne from The Modern Functional Building (1926).129. Giuseppe Terragni et al The Group 7 (1926).130. Walter Curt Behrendt from The Victory of the New Style (1927).131. Ludwig Hilberseimer from International New Architecture (1927).132. Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret Five Points for a New Architecture (1927).133. Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) The Declaration of La Sarraz (1928).134. Sigfried Giedion from Building in France (1928).135. Ernst May from Housing Policy of Frankfort on the Main (1928).136. Walter Gropius from The Sociological Foundations of the Minimum Dwelling (1929).137. Sigfried Giedion from Liberated Living (1929).138. László Moholy-Nagy from From Material to Architecture (1929).139. Erich Mendelsohn from Russia-Europe-America (1929).140. Karel Teige from Modern Architecture in Czechoslovakia (1930).Part IV: The Politics of Modernism: 1930-1945.A. Totalitarianism in Europe.Introduction.141. German Bestelmeyer et al Manifesto of Der Block (1928).142. Hannes Meyer from An Open Letter to Lord Mayor Hesse of Dessau (1930).143. Mies van der Rohe from Announcement to the Students of the Dissolution of the Bauhaus (1933).144. Albert Speer from Inside the Third Reich (1969).145. Marcel Breuer from Where Do We Stand? (1935).146. Francis Yorke from The Modern House (1936).147. Nikolaus Pevsner from Pioneers of the Modern Movement (1936).148. J. M. Richards from An Introduction to Modern Architecture (1940).149. Sigfried Giedion from Space, Time and Architecture (1941).150. Le Corbusier from The Athens Charter (1943).151. Sven Backström from A Swede Looks at Sweden (1943).B. American Academic and Architectural Reforms.Introduction.152. Joseph Hudnut from The Education of an Architect (1931).153. Frank Lloyd Wright from The Disappearing City (1932).154. Lewis Mumford from Technics and Civilization (1934).155. Catherine Bauer from Modern Housing (1934).156. Frank Lloyd Wright from The Jacobs House (1938).157. Buckminster Fuller from Nine Chains to the Moon (1938).158. Katherine Morrow Ford from Modern is Regional (1941).159. Eliel Saarinen from The City: Its Growth, Its Decay, Its Future (1943).160. Gyorgy Kepes from Language of Vision (1944).161. Konrad Wachsmann from A Tubular Steel Design (1944).162. John Estenza from Case Study Program (1945).Part V: High Modernism in the Postwar Years.A. Postwar Theory in the United States.Introduction.163. Philip Johnson from Mies van der Rohe (1947).164. T. H. Robsjohn-Gibbings from Mona Lisa's Mustache (1947).165. Lewis Mumford from Status Quo (1947).166. Alfred Barr, Jr. from What is Happening to Modern Architecture (1948).167. Philip Johnson from The Glass House (1950).168. Matthew Norwicki from Origin and Trends of Modern Architecture (1951).169. Elizabeth Gordon from The Threat to the Next America (1953).170. Harwell Hamilton Harris from Regionalism and Nationalism (1954).171. Richard Neutra from Survival for Design (1954).172. Louis I. Kahn Order and Form (1955).B. Postwar Theory in Europe.Introduction.173. Bruno Zevi from Towards an Organic Architecture (1945).174. J. M. Richards from New Empiricism (1947).175. Colin Rowe from The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa (1947).176. Bruno Zevi from Architecture as Space (1948).177. Rudolf Wittkower from Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism (1949).178. Le Corbusier from Le Modular (1950).179. Alison and Peter Smithson, from House in Soho, London (1953).180. Sigfried Giedion, from The State of Contemporary Architecture (1954).181. Ernesto Nathan Rogers Inaugural Editorial in Casabella-Continuità (1954).182. Reyner Banham from The New Brutalism (1955).183. Steen Eiler Rasmussen from Experiencing Architecture (1959).184. Peter Nuigi Nervi from The Foreseeable Future and the Training of Architects (1962).C. The Rise and Fall of CIAM.Introduction.185. J. H. Forshaw & Patrick Abercrombie from County of London Plan (1944).186. Sigfried Giedion from Reaffirmation of the Aims of CIAM: Bridgewater 1947.187. J. M. Richards from Contemporary Architecture and the Common Man (1947).188. Bruno Zevi from A Message to the International Congress of Modern Architecture (1949).189. Alison and Peter Smithson, Gillian and William Howell, John Voelcker from 'Urban Reidentification' Grid, CIAM, Aix-en-Provence (1953).190. Jacob Bakema, Aldo van Eyck, H. P. Daniel van Ginkel, Hans Hovens-Greve, Peter and Alison Smithson, John Voelcker, Statement on Habitat (Doorn Manifesto, 1954).191. Alison and Peter Smithson from Open Letter to Sert and Team 10 (1956).192. Le Corbusier from Message of Le Corbusier to the X Congress CIAM at Dubrovnik (1956).193. Ernesto Rogers, Peter Smithson, Jacob Bakema, Remarks on the design of the Torre Velasca, Milan (1959).194. Team 10 The Aim of Team 10 (1962).Part VI: Critiques of Modernism: 1958-1969.A. Death of the American City.Introduction.195. Lewis Mumford from Prefabricated Blight (1948.196. Kevin Lynch from The Image of the City (1960).197. Jane Jacobs from The Life and Death of the American City (1961).198. Lewis Mumford from Mother Jacobs' Home Remedies (1962).199. Herbert J. Gans from The Urban Villagers (1962).200. Peter Blake from God's Own Junkyard (1964).201. Martin Anderson from The Federal Bulldozer (1964).202. Melvin M. Webber from The Urban Place and the Nonplace Urban Realm (1964).203. Charles Abrams from The City is the Frontier (1965).B. Retreats and Utopianism.Introduction.204. Yona Friedman from Mobile Architecture (1959).205. Kiyonori Kikutake et al from Metabolism: The Proposals for New urbanism (1960).206. Reyner Banham from Theory and Design in the First Machine Age (1960).207. Archigram Manifesto (1961).208. Rachel Carson from Silent Spring (1962).209. Constantinos Doxiadis et al The Declaration of Delos (1963).210. R. Buckminster Fuller from World Design Initiative: Mexico Lecture (1963).211. Kenneth E. Boulding from Earth as a Space Ship (1965).212. Ian McHarg from Design with Nature (1969).213. R. Buckminster Fuller from Utopia or Oblivion (1969).214. John McConnell from Earth Day Proclamation (1970).C. Critiques of Modernism.215. Reyner Banham from The Italian Retreat from Modern Architecture (1959).216. Ernesto Nathan Rogers from The Evolution of Architecture: An Answer to the Caretaker of Frigidaires (1959).217. Aldo van Eyck from Is Architecture Going to Reconcile Basic Values? (1959).218. Joseph Rykwert from Meaning and Building (1960).219. Tomás Maldonado from Notes on Communication (1962).220. Colin Rowe and Robert Slutzky from Transparency: Literal and Phenomenal (1963).221. Christian Norberg-Schulz from Intentions in Architecture (1963).222. Christopher Alexander from Notes on a Synthesis of Form (1964).223. Stanford Anderson from Architecture and Tradition That Isn't 'Trad, Dad' (1964).224. Robert Venturi from Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture (1966).225. Aldo Rossi from The Architecture of the City (1966).226. Charles Moore from Plug It in, Rameses, and See If It Lights Up (1967).227. Denise Scott Brown and Robert Venturi from On Ducks and Decoration (1968).Part VII: The Prospect of a Postmodern Theory: 1969-1979.A. Neorationalism and the IAUS.Introduction.228. Manfredo Tafuri from Toward a Theory of Critical Ideology (1969).229. Peter Eisenman from Notes on Conceptual Architecture: Toward a Definition (1970).230. Colin Rowe from Introduction to Five Architects (1972).231. Robert A. M. Stern and Jaquelin Robertson from Five on Five (1973).232. Peter Eisenman, Kenneth Frampton, Mario Gandelsonas Editorial Statement of Oppositions 1 (1973).233. Massimo Scolari from Avant Garde and the New Architecture (1973).234. Joseph Rykwert from 15a Triennale (1974).235. Manfredo Tafuri from L'Architecture dans le boudoir (1974).236. Mario Gandelsonas from Neo Functionalism (1976).237. Peter Eisenman from Post Functionalism (1976).238. Anthony Vidler from The Third Typology (1976).239. Maurice Culot and Leon Krier from The Only Path for Architecture (1978).B. Semiotics and Phenomenology.Introduction.240. Charles Jencks from Semiology and Architecture (1969).241. George Baird from La 'Dimension Amoureuse' in Architecture (1969).242. Christian Norberg-Schulz from Existence, Space & Architecture (1971).243. Alan Colquhoun Historicism and the Limits of Semiology (1972).244. Kenneth Frampton from On Reading Heidegger (1974).245. Charles Jencks from The Language of Postmodern Architecture (1977).246. Juan Pablo Bonta from Architecture and its Interpretation (1979).C. Alternative Strategies and Debates.Introduction.247. Denise Scott Brown from Learning from Pop (1971).248. Kenneth Frampton from America 1960-1970: Notes on Urban Images and Theory (1971).249. Herman Hertzberger from Homework for more Hospitable Form (1973).250. Hassan Fathy from Architecture for the Poor (1973).251. Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter from Collage City (1975).252. Arthur Drexler from Exhibition Catalogue to The Architecture of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts (1975).253. Bernard Tschumi from Architecture and Transgression (1976).254. Christopher Alexander from A Pattern Language (1979).255. Robert A. M. Stern from New Directions in Modern American Architecture: Postscript: At the Edge of Modernism (1977).256. Rem Koolhaas from Delirious New York (1978).Part VIII: The 1980s.A. Poststructuralism and Deconstruction.257. Jean-François Lyotard from The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1979).258. Coop Himmelblau Architecture Must Blaze (1980).259. Bernard Tschumi from The Manhattan Transcripts (1981).260. Daniel Libeskind from Symbol and Interpretation (1981).261. Jürgen Habermas from Modern and Postmodern Architecture (1981).262. Andreas Huyssen from Modernity and Postmodernity (1984).263. K. Michael Hays from Critical Architecture: Between Culture and Form (1984).264. Peter Eisenman The End of the Classical: The End of the Beginning, the End of the End (1984).265. Sanford Kwinter from La Cittá Nuova: Modernity and Continuity (1986).266. Ignasi de Solà-Morales from Weak Architecture (1987).267. Mark Wigley from Deconstructivist Architecture (1988).268. Ingraham, Catherine from Milking Deconstruction, or Cow Was The Show? (1988).B. Postmodern Historicism.Introduction.269. Harvard Architectural Review from the inaugural editorial Beyond the Modern Movement (Spring 1980).270. Robert A. M. Stern from The Doubles of Post-Modern (1980).271. Maurice Culot Nostalgia, Soul of the Revolution (1980).272. Aldo van Eyck from Rats, Posts and Pests (1981).273. Geoffrey Broadbent from The Pests Strike Back! (1981).274. Rob Krier 10 Theses on Architecture (1982).275. Michael Graves from A Case for Figurative Architecture (1982).276. Josef-Paul Kleihues 1984: The Berlin Exhibition, Architectural Dream or Reality? (1982).277. Charles Jencks from What is Postmodernism? (1984).278. Heinrich Klotz from Postscript: Since 1980 (1987).279. Colin Davies from High Tech Architecture (1987).C. Regionalism and Traditionalism.Introduction.280. Bruno Reichlin from Reflections–Interpretations between Concept, Representation and Built Architecture (1981).281. Alexander Tzonis & Liane Lefaivre from The Grid and the Pathway (1981).282. Demetri Porphyrios from Classicism is not a Style (1982).283. Vittorio Gregotti The Obsession with History (1982).284. Alberto Pérez-Gómez Architecture and the Crisis of Modern Science (1983).285. Kenneth Frampton from Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance (1983).286. Marco Frascari from The Tell-the-Tale Detail (1984).287. Rafael Moneo from The Idea of Lasting (1988).288. Juhani Pallasmaa from Tradition & Modernity: The Feasibility of Regional Architecture in Post-Modern Society (1988).289. Charles, Prince of Wales The Ten Commandments of Architecture (1989).290. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Chester E. Chellman from New Town Ordinances & Codes (1989).Part IX: Millennial Tensions.A. Tectonics and Geometry.Introduction.291. Kenneth Frampton from Rappel a l'ordre: The Case for the Tectonic (1990).292. Toyo Ito from Vortex and Current: On Architecture as Phenomenalism (1992).293. Moshen Mostarfavi and David Leatherbarrow from On Weathering (1993).294. Gilles Deleuze from The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque (1993).295. Greg Lynn from Architectural Curvilinearity: The Folded, the Pliant and the Supple (1993).296. Peter Eisenman from Folding in Time: The Singularity of Rebstock (1993).297. Jeffrey Kipnis from Towards a New Architecture (1993).298. Mark C. Taylor from Seaming (1993).299. Gevork Hartoonian from Ontology of Construction (1994).300. Mitchell Schwarzer from Tectonics of the Unforeseen (1996).301. Lindy Roy from Geometry as a Nervous System (1997).302. Stan Allen from From Object to Field (1997).303. Cecil Balmond from New Structure and the Informal (1998).304. Bernard Cache from Digital Semper (1999).B. The End of Theory.305. Sylvia Lavin from Essay: The Uses and Abuses of Theory (1990).306. Jeffrey Kipnis from Rebuttal: Theory Used and Abused (1990).307. OMA, Rem Koolhaas, & Bruce Mau from Bigness (1994).308. Winy Maas from Datascape (1994).309. Juhani Pallasmaa from An Architecture of the Seven Senses (1994).310. Michael Speaks from It's out there . . . the Formal Limits of the American Avant-Garde (1997).311. John Rajchman from A New Pragmatism? (1997).312. Cynthia C. Davidson from Architecture between Theory and Ideology (1998).313. K. Michael Hays from Introduction to Architecture Theory since 1968 (1998).314. Sanford Kwinter from FFE: Le Trahison des Clercs (and other Travesties of the Modern) (1999).315. William J. Mitchell from e-topia: Urban Life, Jim—But Not As We Know It (1999).316. Ben van Berkel & Caroline Bos The New Concept of the Architect (1999).C. Beyond the New Millennium.317. James Wines from Green Dreams (1991).318. William McDonough Hannover Principles (1992).319. Bernard Cache from Earth Moves (1995).320. Ken Yeang from Designing with Nature (1995).321. Vicotr Papanek from The Green Imperative (1995).322. James Corner from Eidetic Operations and New Landscape (1999).323. Kenneth Frampton from Seven Points for the Millennium: An Untimely Manifesto (1999).324. John Beardsley from A Word for Landscape Architecture (2000).325. Antoine Picon from Anxious Landscapes: From the Ruin to Rust (2000).326. William McDonough & Michael Braungart from Cradle to Cradle (2002).327. Michael Braungart from Beyond the Limits of Sustainable Architecture (2002).328. Meinhard von Gerkan from Lingang New City—A Metropolis in the East China Sea (2005)