Pamela Kyle Crossley is Professor of Inner Asian, East Asian Intellectual and Chinese History at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. Her publications include The Manchus (Blackwell, 1997); A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Ideology (1999); and What is Global History? (2008). She is a past Guggenheim Fellow and was awarded the Levenson Prize from the Association for Asian Studies in 2001.

“Finding a fresh angle to a familiar story is a challenge, one that this book has dealt with creatively and convincingly.”  (English Historical Review, 1 June 2014"As a textbook, The Wobbling Pivot is accessible, complete and readable, and as a synthesis of twentieth century Chinese history, it is both original and provocative, and a valuable introduction to the perennial issues that China poses in the undergraduate classroom.”  (The China Quarterly, 1 September 2012)"[A] lively survey ... .It sheds considerable light on contemporary Chinese dilemmas." (Shanghaiist, December 2010)

• List of Illustrations viiList of Maps viiiForeword and Acknowledgments ixPrelude xiTimeline xv1 The Wobbling Pivot 12 Sources of Order Under the Qing Empire 213 Sources of Disorder Under the Qing Empire 444 Essay: Strategic Borders 665 Qing and the World 706 Essay: Rebel Heroines 987 Visionaries 1008 Essay: Hunan Takes the Lead 1269 Essay: Water 12910 Beiyang Ascendancy 13311 Cultural Revolution 15512 Essay: Manchus as Minorities 17713 War 18014 The Ubiquitous Center 20715 Essay: Minerals 24016 Essay: Health Risks 24317 Gravity 246Bibliography 274Index 295

Pamela Kyle Crossley is Professor of Inner Asian, East Asian Intellectual and Chinese History at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. Her publications include The Manchus (Blackwell, 1997); A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Ideology (1999); and What is Global History? (2008). She is a past Guggenheim Fellow and was awarded the Levenson Prize from the Association for Asian Studies in 2001.

“Finding a fresh angle to a familiar story is a challenge, one that this book has dealt with creatively and convincingly.”  (English Historical Review, 1 June 2014"As a textbook, The Wobbling Pivot is accessible, complete and readable, and as a synthesis of twentieth century Chinese history, it is both original and provocative, and a valuable introduction to the perennial issues that China poses in the undergraduate classroom.”  (The China Quarterly, 1 September 2012)"[A] lively survey ... .It sheds considerable light on contemporary Chinese dilemmas." (Shanghaiist, December 2010)

• List of Illustrations viiList of Maps viiiForeword and Acknowledgments ixPrelude xiTimeline xv1 The Wobbling Pivot 12 Sources of Order Under the Qing Empire 213 Sources of Disorder Under the Qing Empire 444 Essay: Strategic Borders 665 Qing and the World 706 Essay: Rebel Heroines 987 Visionaries 1008 Essay: Hunan Takes the Lead 1269 Essay: Water 12910 Beiyang Ascendancy 13311 Cultural Revolution 15512 Essay: Manchus as Minorities 17713 War 18014 The Ubiquitous Center 20715 Essay: Minerals 24016 Essay: Health Risks 24317 Gravity 246Bibliography 274Index 295

Pamela Kyle Crossley is Professor of Inner Asian, East Asian Intellectual and Chinese History at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. Her publications include The Manchus (Blackwell, 1997); A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Ideology (1999); and What is Global History? (2008). She is a past Guggenheim Fellow and was awarded the Levenson Prize from the Association for Asian Studies in 2001.

“Finding a fresh angle to a familiar story is a challenge, one that this book has dealt with creatively and convincingly.”  (English Historical Review, 1 June 2014"As a textbook, The Wobbling Pivot is accessible, complete and readable, and as a synthesis of twentieth century Chinese history, it is both original and provocative, and a valuable introduction to the perennial issues that China poses in the undergraduate classroom.”  (The China Quarterly, 1 September 2012)"[A] lively survey ... .It sheds considerable light on contemporary Chinese dilemmas." (Shanghaiist, December 2010)

• List of Illustrations viiList of Maps viiiForeword and Acknowledgments ixPrelude xiTimeline xv1 The Wobbling Pivot 12 Sources of Order Under the Qing Empire 213 Sources of Disorder Under the Qing Empire 444 Essay: Strategic Borders 665 Qing and the World 706 Essay: Rebel Heroines 987 Visionaries 1008 Essay: Hunan Takes the Lead 1269 Essay: Water 12910 Beiyang Ascendancy 13311 Cultural Revolution 15512 Essay: Manchus as Minorities 17713 War 18014 The Ubiquitous Center 20715 Essay: Minerals 24016 Essay: Health Risks 24317 Gravity 246Bibliography 274Index 295