Modern Hydrology and Sustainable Water Development

Dr. S.K. Gupta has more than 150 publications in internationally refereed research journals and several books to his credit. Dr. Gupta has also been a Fulbright Fellow at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at the University of Heidelberg, and a Visiting Fellow at the University of Canberra. He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India.

"The material of this book will derive its scientific under-pinning from basics of mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, engineering, soil science, and related disciplines and will provide sufficient breadth and depth of understanding in each sub-section of hydrology. " (Environmental Expert, 8 March 2011)

• Foreword xiPreface xvAcknowledgements xviiA note for students and teachers xix1 Fundamentals of hydrology 11.1 Properties of water 11.2 Common water quality parameters 41.3 Hydrologic cycle and global water distribution 101.4 Units and dimensions 171.5 Significant figures and digits 192 Surface water hydrology 202.1 Lakes 202.2 Glaciers 232.3 Streams 252.4 Watershed concept 252.5 Instrumentation and monitoring 262.6 Runoff processes and flow measurement 382.7 Rainfall-runoff analysis and modelling 432.8 Stream processes 492.9 Stream characteristics 542.10 River and reservoir routing 562.11 Scales and scaling 592.12 The invisible resource: groundwater 602.13 Tutorial 633 Groundwater hydrology 703.1 Occurrence of groundwater 703.2 Movement of groundwater 743.3 Hydraulic head 743.4 Dispersion 853.5 Specialized flow conditions 863.6 Groundwater measurements 873.7 Groundwater pollution 893.8 Composite nature of surfacewater and groundwater 903.9 Conjunctive use of surfacewater and groundwater 913.10 Tutorial 934 Well hydraulics and test pumping 954.1 Steady flow 964.2 Superposition in space and time 1044.3 Boundaries and images in flow modelling 1064.4 Well flow under special conditions 1084.5 Well losses 1094.6 Tutorial 1115 Surface and groundwater flow modelling 1145.1 Surface water flow modelling 1155.2 Groundwater flow modelling 1185.3 Surface and groundwater interactions and coupled/integrated modelling 1336 Aqueous chemistry and human impacts on water quality 1356.1 Principles and processes controlling composition of natural waters 1366.2 Natural hydrochemical conditions in the subsurface 1546.3 Presenting inorganic chemical data 1556.4 Impact of human activities 1586.5 Geochemical modelling 1676.6 Chemical tracers 1696.7 Groundwater – numerical modelling of solute transport 1716.8 Relation between use and quality of water 1746.9 Industrial use 1786.10 Tutorial 1797 Hydrologic tracing 1817.1 Isotopes and radioactivity 1827.2 Hydrologic tracers 1837.3 Tracers and groundwater movement 1887.4 Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen 1947.5 Dissolved noble gases 1997.6 Models for interpretation of groundwater age 2077.7 Tracers for estimation of groundwater recharge 2117.8 Tutorial 2148 Statistical analyses in hydrology 2178.1 Descriptive statistics 2188.2 Probability theory 2228.3 Hydrologic frequency analysis 2418.4 Nonparametric density estimation methods 2458.5 Error analysis 2468.6 Time series analysis 2518.7 Tutorial 2659 Remote sensing and GIS in hydrology 2689.1 Principle of remote sensing 2699.2 Approaches to data/image interpretation 2799.3 Radar and microwave remote sensing 2819.4 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 2849.5 Applications in hydrology 28810 Urban hydrology 29710.1 Water balance in urban areas 29910.2 Disposal of waterborne wastes 30210.3 New approaches and technologies for sustainable urbanization 31711 Rainwater harvesting and artificial groundwater recharge 32211.1 Historical perspective 32211.2 Rainwater harvesting – some general remarks 32311.3 Watershed management and water harvesting 33511.4 Tutorial 33712 Water resource development: the human dimensions 33812.1 The global water crisis 33812.2 Global initiatives 34012.3 Water and ethics 34012.4 Global water tele-connections and virtual water 34613 Some case studies 34913.1 The Yellow River Basin, China 34913.2 The Colorado River Basin, United States 36213.3 The Murray-Darling River Basin, Australia 37313.4 The North Gujarat–Cambay region, Western India 38014 Epilogue 38914.1 Water and its properties, quality considerations, movement, and modelling of surface- and groundwater 38914.2 Distribution of water in space and time 39614.3 Water resource sustainability 399Bibliography 403Index 433Plate section faces page 172