Philosophy of Law

Larry May, JD, PhD., is Professor of Philosophy at Washington University in St Louis, and Strategic Research Professor of Social Justice at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Charles Sturt University in Canberra. He specializes in political philosophy, and is the author or editor of 21 books, including Sharing Responsibility (1992), Crimes Against Humanity: A Normative Account (2005), War Crimes and Just War (2007), and Aggression and Crimes Against Peace (2008). Jeff Brown has a JD from Vanderbilt University and an MA from Washington University in St Louis, where he is now completing his PhD.

• Preface ixSource Acknowledgments xiiIntroduction 1Part I: Legal Reasoning 5Introduction 71 An Introduction to Legal Reasoning 11Edward H. Levi2 Remarks on the Theory of Appellate Decision and the Rules or Canons about how Statutes are to be Construed 23Karl N. Llewellyn3 Formalism 32Frederick Schauer4 Incompletely Theorized Agreements 43Cass R. Sunstein5 Custom, Opinio Juris, and Consent 54Larry May6 Lochner v. New York (1905) 70Questions 77Part II: Jurisprudence 79Introduction 817 The Concept of Law 85H. L. A. Hart8 The Model of Rules I 99Ronald Dworkin9 Law as Justice 108Michael S. Moore10 The Economic Approach to Law 129Richard A. Posner11 The Distinction between Adjudication and Legislation 135Duncan Kennedy12 Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement 145Kimberlé Crenshaw, Neil Gotanda, Gary Peller, Kendall Thomas13 Feminist Legal Critics: The Reluctant Radicals 152Patricia Smith14 Riggs v. Palmer (1889) 164Questions 170Part III: International Law 171Introduction 17315 International Law 175H. L. A. Hart16 The Nature of Jus Cogens 184Mark W. Janis17 A Philosophy of International Law 187Fernando R. Tesón18 The Limits of International Law 200Jack L. Goldsmith and Eric A. Posner19 The Internal Legitimacy of Humanitarian Intervention 209Allen Buchanan20 Humanitarian Intervention: Problems of Collective Responsibility 221Larry May21 Humanitarian Intervention: Some Doubts 233Burleigh Wilkins22 Prosecutor v. Tadić (1995) 240Questions 244Part IV: Property 245Introduction 24723 Of Property 251John Locke24 Locke’s Theory of Acquisition 258Robert Nozick25 Property, Title, and Redistribution 263A. M. Honoré26 Philosophical Implications 269Richard A. Epstein27 The Social Structure of Japanese Intellectual Property Law 281Dan Rosen and Chikako Usui28 Historical Rights and Fair Shares 286A. John Simmons29 International News Service v. Associated Press (1918) 291Questions 299Part V: Torts 301Introduction 30330 Causation and Responsibility 307H. L. A. Hart and A. M. Honoré31 Sua Culpa 315Joel Feinberg32 Fairness and Utility in Tort Theory 322George P. Fletcher33 Tort Liability and the Limits of Corrective Justice 330Jules L. Coleman34 A Theory of Strict Liability 338Richard A. Epstein35 The Question of a Duty to Rescue in Canadian Tort Law: An Answer From France 348Mitchell McInnes36 Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California (1976) 356Questions 362Part VI: Criminal Law 363Introduction 36537 On Liberty 369John Stuart Mill38 The Enforcement of Morals 377Patrick Devlin39 Crime and Punishment: An Indigenous African Experience 384Egbeke Aja40 The Mind and the Deed 392Anthony Kenny41 Between Impunity and Show Trials 402Martti Koskenniemi42 Atrocity, Punishment, and International Law 411Mark Drumbl43 Defending International Criminal Trials 423Larry May44 Opening Statement before the International Military Tribunal (1945) 435Justice Robert H. JacksonQuestions 441Part VII: Contracts 443Introduction 44545 Of the First and Second Natural Laws, and of Contracts 449Thomas Hobbes46 The Practice of Promising 455P. S. Atiyah47 Contract as Promise 465Charles Fried48 Legally Enforceable Commitments 479Michael D. Bayles49 Unconscionability and Contracts 487Alan Wertheimer50 South African Contract Law: The Need for a Concept of Unconscionability 500Lynn Berat51 Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co. (1965) 511Questions 515Part VIII: Constitutional Law 517Introduction 51952 Constitutional Cases 523Ronald Dworkin53 Does the Constitution Mean What It Always Meant? 535Stephen R. Munzer and James W. Nickel54 What’s Wrong with Chinese Rights? Toward a Theory of Rights with Chinese Characteristics 548R. P. Peerenboom55 Poverty and Constitutional Justice: The Indian Experience 569Jeremy Cooper56 Natural Law: Alive and Kicking? A Look at the Constitutional Morality of Sexual Privacy in Ireland 585Rory O’Connell57 Peremptory Norms as International Public Order 602Alexander Orakhelashvili58 The Gender of Jus Cogens 610Hilary Charlesworth and Christine Chinkin59 Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 620Questions 626