Solutions for Climate Change Challenges in the Built Environment

Colin Booth, Senior Lecturer, Construction and Infrastructure, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Wolverhampton Felix N. Hammond, Lecturer, Construction and Infrastructure, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of WolverhamptonJessica Lamond, Post Doctoral Research Fellow, Construction and Infrastructure, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of WolverhamptonDavid G. Proverbs, Professor and Head of Department, Construction and Property, Faculty of Environment and Technology, University of the West of England

“The editors also contribute and pull the whole book together.   It is very well referenced and suitably illustrated with black and white photos and diagrams.”  (Building Engineer, 1 November 2012)

• Contributors xiii Chapter 1 Introductory Insights to Climate Change Challenges 1Felix N. Hammond, Colin A. Booth, Jessica E. Lamond and David G. Proverbs1.1 Introduction 11.2 Climate Change Theory 21.3 The Controversy and Context 51.4 Organisation of the Book 8Chapter 2 Climate Change: Nature and Emerging Trends 11Mark McCarthy2.1 Introduction to the Climate System and Changes to the Radiative Forcing 112.2 Emerging Trends (Global) 132.3 Emerging Trends (UK) 172.4 Climate Trends and the Built Environment 192.5 Solutions 20Chapter 3 Regional Implications 23Ana Lopez3.1 Introduction 233.2 Climate Modelling 233.3 Projections of Future Climate Change 273.4 Solutions to the Challenges of Interpreting Climate Change Projections for the Characterisation of Climatic Risks 30Chapter 4 Urbanization and Climate Change 33Felix N. Hammond, Kwasi Baffour Awuah Gyau and Stanislaus Y. Adiaba4.1 Introduction 334.2 State of the World’s Urbanization 334.3 Impact of Urbanization on Climate Change 354.4 How Does Urbanization Affect Climate Change? 364.5 Solutions for Change 394.6 Conclusion 41Chapter 5 Global Political Initiatives and Overtones 45Jean-Luc Salagnac5.1 Introduction 455.2 Climate and the Built Environment 455.3 Background to Political Initiatives 475.4 Mitigation and Adaptation Policies 505.5 Solutions to Climate Change Challenges for the Built Environment 53Chapter 6 Green Economics Dialogue and the Built Environment 57Miriam Kennet6.1 Introduction 576.2 Examples of Unsustainable Building Practices 596.3 The Choices We Face 626.4 Green Projects in Action 686.5 Conclusions 72Chapter 7 Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment 75Joseph Somevi7.1 Introduction 757.2 Strategic Environmental Assessment 767.3 Contributions of SEA to Climate Change Solutions 777.4 Concluding Remarks 84Chapter 8 Methods for Valuing Preferences for Environmental and Natural Resources: An Overview 87Jessica E. Lamond and Ian Bateman8.1 Introduction 878.2 Monetary Evaluation of Environmental Preferences: Theory 898.3 Methods for Monetary Evaluation of Environmental Preferences 918.4 Solutions to Valuation of Environmental and Natural Resources 95Chapter 9 Ecological Value of Urban Environments 99Ian C. Trueman and Christopher H. Young9.1 Introduction 999.2 Ecological Value 1009.3 Urban Habitats 1019.4 Landscape Scales and Urban Areas 1069.5 Ecological Implications of Climate Change 1079.6 Implications of Climate Change for Urban Ecology 1089.7 Solutions to Climate Change Challenges for the Built Environment 108Chapter 10 The Pedological Value of Urban Landscapes 113Jim Webb, Michael A. Fullen and Winfried E.H. Blum10.1 Introduction 11310.2 Urban Soils: The ‘Grey Areas’ on Soil Maps 11310.3 Policy Responses for Urban Soils 119Chapter 11 Insights and Perceptions of Sustainable Design and Construction 127David W. Beddoes and Colin A. Booth11.1 Introduction 12711.2 Sustainable Construction 12811.3 Drivers for Sustainable Construction 13011.4 Rethinking Construction 13511.5 Thoughts for Change 13711.6 Concluding Remarks 138Chapter 12 Progress in Eco and Resilient Construction Materials Development 141Jamal M. Khatib12.1 Introduction 14112.2 Concrete 14212.3 Brick and Masonry 14412.4 Glass 14512.5 Timber and Bamboo 14512.6 Steel 14612.7 Polymer-based Materials 14712.8 Nanotechnology 14812.9 Future Trends 149Chapter 13 Energy Efficiency: Alternative Routes to Mitigation 153David Coley13.1 Introduction 15313.2 Energy Efficiency 15313.3 Carbon Sequestration and Climate Engineering 15513.4 A Sustainable, Low-Carbon Future? 15713.5 Solutions: Abatement Costs 161Chapter 14 The Benefits of Green Infrastructure in Towns and Cities 163Susanne M. Charlesworth and Colin A. Booth14.1 Introduction 16314.2 Integrating Vegetation into the Built Environment 16314.3 Intercepting Rainfall and Reducing Flood Risk 16714.4 Enhancing Urban Biodiversity 16814.5 Limiting the Overheating of Buildings 16914.6 Improving Human Health and Wellbeing 17114.7 Sequestering Carbon to Offset CO2 Emissions 17214.8 'Green Infrastructure' Solutions for Climate Change Challenges 17314.9 Conclusions 176Chapter 15 Particulate-Induced Soiling on Historic Limestone Buildings: Insights and the Effects of Climate Change 181David E. Searle15.1 Introduction 18115.2 Urban Particulate Pollution 18215.3 Soiling of Buildings 18215.4 The Bath Study 18415.5 Insights from the Bath Study 18615.6 Effects of Climate Change on the Soiling of Buildings 18815.7 Conclusions 188Chapter 16 Sustainable Transportation 193Panagiotis Georgakis and Christopher Nwagboso16.1 Introduction 19316.2 Climate Change and Sustainable Transportation 19416.3 Perspectives of Sustainable Transportation 19516.4 Development of Sustainable Transportation Systems 19716.5 Solutions for Sustainable Transportation 203Chapter 17 Linkages of Waste Management Strategies and Climate Change Issues 207Kim Tannahill and Colin A. Booth17.1 Introduction 20717.2 Integrated Solutions Approach 20917.3 Key Policy Drivers: A European Perspective 21617.4 Solutions for the Waste Management Sector 219Chapter 18 Climate Change and the Geotechnical Stability of 'Engineered' Landfill Sites 223Robert W. Sarsby18.1 Introduction 22318.2 Ground Instability Effects 22418.3 Stability of Soil Slopes 22518.4 Soil Shear Strength 22918.5 Landfill Sites 23118.6 Insights and Solutions 235Chapter 19 Water Resources Issues and Solutions for the Built Environment: Too Little versus Too Much 237Susanne M. Charlesworth and Colin A. Booth19.1 Introduction 23719.2 Too Little Water: Water Supply Shortages 23819.3 Too Much Water: Urban Flooding 24219.4 Property- Level Flood Resistance versus Resilience Measures 24619.5 Present and Future Water Resources Solutions 24719.6 Conclusions 248Chapter 20 Organisational Culture and Climate Change Driven Construction 251Nii A. Ankrah and Patrick A. Manu20.1 Introduction 25120.2 Climate Change and Construction 25120.3 Climate Change Driven Construction 25220.4 The Role of Culture 25320.5 The Culture of the UK Construction Industry 25620.6 Achieving and Sustaining a Culture of Sustainability 25720.7 Theory to Practice – Case Study 26320.8 Emerging Solutions for a More Responsive Climate Change Culture in Construction 265Chapter 21 Preparing for Extreme Weather Events: A Risk Assessment Approach 269Keith Jones21.1 Introduction 26921.2 What Is an Extreme Weather Event? 27021.3 Relationship between Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptive Capacity 27121.4 A Risk Assessment Framework Model 27621.5 Solutions: A New Risk Framework Model 27721.6 Final Thoughts 279Chapter 22 The Socio-environmental Vulnerability Assessment Approach to Mapping Vulnerability to Climate 283Fiifi Amoako Johnson, Craig W. Hutton and Mike J. Clarke22.1 Introduction 28322.2 The SEVA Approach 28422.3 Results 29122.4 Conclusions 299Chapter 23 Mitigation via Renewables 303David Coley23.1 Introduction 30323.2 Current World Sustainable Energy Provision 30423.3 Solar Power 30523.4 Photovoltaics 30823.5 Wind Power 30823.6 Wave Power 31023.7 Large-Scale Hydropower 31023.8 Tidal Power 31323.9 Biomass 31423.10 Geothermal 31623.11 Nuclear: Fast Breeders and Fusion 31723.12 The Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells 31823.13 Solutions 319Chapter 24 Complexities and Approaches to Managing the Adaptation of Climate Change by Coastal Communities 321Annie T. Worsley, Vanessa J.C. Holden, Jennifer A. Millington and Colin A. Booth24.1 Introduction – What's Special about the Coast? 32124.2 Coastal Landforms and Process 32224.3 Challenges Facing Coastal Communities 32324.4 Ways of Managing Coastal Challenges 32424.5 Shoreline Management Plans 32524.6 Case Study: The North Sefton Coast 32624.7 Solutions for Coastal Communities 333Chapter 25 Lessons for the Future 337Jessica E. Lamond, David G. Proverbs, Colin A. Booth and Felix N. Hammond25.1 Introduction 33725.2 Technological Solutions 33825.3 Working with the Natural Environment 33925.4 Enabling Change 34025.5 Final Remarks 342Index 343