Michael Bohlander is Professor of Law at Durham University. Before joining Durham Law School in 2004, he had been a member of the German judiciary since 1991. From 1999 until 2001 he served as the Senior Legal Officer of a Trial Chamber at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the Hague. In 2010, Professor Bohlander was appointed to the Visiting Chair in Criminal Law at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. He has published 12 books and over 130 articles, essays, chapters etc. His publications have been cited widely by and before courts in several domestic and international jurisdictions. Alan Reed graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge University with a First Class Honours Degree in Law, and was awarded the Herbert Smith Prize for Conflict of Laws and the Dr Lancey Prize. Cambridge University awarded him a full Holland Scholarship to facilitate study in the United States and he obtained an LLM Master's of Law (Comparative Law) at the University of Virginia. After completion of the Law Society Finals Examinations he spent three years in practice in London at Addleshaw Goddard, and also acted as a Tutor in Criminal Law at Trinity College, Cambridge. He spent seven years as a lecturer in law at Leeds University, and from 2001-2012 was engaged as Professor of Criminal and Private International Law and Director of Research at Sunderland University. In April 2012 he commenced new roles as Associate Dean (Research and Innovation) and Professor of Law at Northumbria Law School. Alan has published over 200 monographs, textbooks and articles in the substantive arena in leading journals in England, Australia, New York, Florida and Los Angeles. For the last 10 years he has been editor of the Journal of Criminal Law.

’The topic of Participation in Crime is, as all students and practitioners will know, one of the most challenging areas of criminal law, both in matters of theory and practice. This work represents a unique insight into the concept of participation by bringing together observations from some of the most eminent authors in the field. Its contribution to the understanding of the topic is invaluable.’ Simon Cooper, University of Salford, UK ’Michael Bohlander and Alan Reed have assembled brilliant authors who outline precisely major questions around encouraging or assisting an offence; they involve the reader in their thrilling search for overarching principles. The uniform research grid enables simple and prompt comparison of foreign jurisdictions and makes the book an outstanding introduction to the Substantive Issues in Criminal Law series.’ Judge Jürgen Cierniak, German Federal Court of Justice, Germany 'This book provides an impressively comprehensive analysis of the key concepts related to participation in crime. From a local perspective, it will be very useful to many Arab Spring countries which are currently endeavouring to reform and modernize their national criminal justice systems to address new forms of criminal liability. The volume could provide valuable solutions to cases pending in the region.' Judge Adel Maged, Vice President at the Court of Cassation (Criminal Chamber), Egypt "Overall Participation in Crime is a timely, well-written and informative book that ensures those with an interest in the subject-matter will not only gain a firm understanding of the fundamental tenets in this area but will also gain an appreciation of the theoretical, moral and policy debates surrounding their application." Criminal Law & Criminal Justice Books

• Participation in Crime

Michael Bohlander is Professor of Law at Durham University. Before joining Durham Law School in 2004, he had been a member of the German judiciary since 1991. From 1999 until 2001 he served as the Senior Legal Officer of a Trial Chamber at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the Hague. In 2010, Professor Bohlander was appointed to the Visiting Chair in Criminal Law at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. He has published 12 books and over 130 articles, essays, chapters etc. His publications have been cited widely by and before courts in several domestic and international jurisdictions. Alan Reed graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge University with a First Class Honours Degree in Law, and was awarded the Herbert Smith Prize for Conflict of Laws and the Dr Lancey Prize. Cambridge University awarded him a full Holland Scholarship to facilitate study in the United States and he obtained an LLM Master's of Law (Comparative Law) at the University of Virginia. After completion of the Law Society Finals Examinations he spent three years in practice in London at Addleshaw Goddard, and also acted as a Tutor in Criminal Law at Trinity College, Cambridge. He spent seven years as a lecturer in law at Leeds University, and from 2001-2012 was engaged as Professor of Criminal and Private International Law and Director of Research at Sunderland University. In April 2012 he commenced new roles as Associate Dean (Research and Innovation) and Professor of Law at Northumbria Law School. Alan has published over 200 monographs, textbooks and articles in the substantive arena in leading journals in England, Australia, New York, Florida and Los Angeles. For the last 10 years he has been editor of the Journal of Criminal Law.

’The topic of Participation in Crime is, as all students and practitioners will know, one of the most challenging areas of criminal law, both in matters of theory and practice. This work represents a unique insight into the concept of participation by bringing together observations from some of the most eminent authors in the field. Its contribution to the understanding of the topic is invaluable.’ Simon Cooper, University of Salford, UK ’Michael Bohlander and Alan Reed have assembled brilliant authors who outline precisely major questions around encouraging or assisting an offence; they involve the reader in their thrilling search for overarching principles. The uniform research grid enables simple and prompt comparison of foreign jurisdictions and makes the book an outstanding introduction to the Substantive Issues in Criminal Law series.’ Judge Jürgen Cierniak, German Federal Court of Justice, Germany 'This book provides an impressively comprehensive analysis of the key concepts related to participation in crime. From a local perspective, it will be very useful to many Arab Spring countries which are currently endeavouring to reform and modernize their national criminal justice systems to address new forms of criminal liability. The volume could provide valuable solutions to cases pending in the region.' Judge Adel Maged, Vice President at the Court of Cassation (Criminal Chamber), Egypt "Overall Participation in Crime is a timely, well-written and informative book that ensures those with an interest in the subject-matter will not only gain a firm understanding of the fundamental tenets in this area but will also gain an appreciation of the theoretical, moral and policy debates surrounding their application." Criminal Law & Criminal Justice Books

• Participation in Crime

Michael Bohlander is Professor of Law at Durham University. Before joining Durham Law School in 2004, he had been a member of the German judiciary since 1991. From 1999 until 2001 he served as the Senior Legal Officer of a Trial Chamber at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the Hague. In 2010, Professor Bohlander was appointed to the Visiting Chair in Criminal Law at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. He has published 12 books and over 130 articles, essays, chapters etc. His publications have been cited widely by and before courts in several domestic and international jurisdictions. Alan Reed graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge University with a First Class Honours Degree in Law, and was awarded the Herbert Smith Prize for Conflict of Laws and the Dr Lancey Prize. Cambridge University awarded him a full Holland Scholarship to facilitate study in the United States and he obtained an LLM Master's of Law (Comparative Law) at the University of Virginia. After completion of the Law Society Finals Examinations he spent three years in practice in London at Addleshaw Goddard, and also acted as a Tutor in Criminal Law at Trinity College, Cambridge. He spent seven years as a lecturer in law at Leeds University, and from 2001-2012 was engaged as Professor of Criminal and Private International Law and Director of Research at Sunderland University. In April 2012 he commenced new roles as Associate Dean (Research and Innovation) and Professor of Law at Northumbria Law School. Alan has published over 200 monographs, textbooks and articles in the substantive arena in leading journals in England, Australia, New York, Florida and Los Angeles. For the last 10 years he has been editor of the Journal of Criminal Law.

’The topic of Participation in Crime is, as all students and practitioners will know, one of the most challenging areas of criminal law, both in matters of theory and practice. This work represents a unique insight into the concept of participation by bringing together observations from some of the most eminent authors in the field. Its contribution to the understanding of the topic is invaluable.’ Simon Cooper, University of Salford, UK ’Michael Bohlander and Alan Reed have assembled brilliant authors who outline precisely major questions around encouraging or assisting an offence; they involve the reader in their thrilling search for overarching principles. The uniform research grid enables simple and prompt comparison of foreign jurisdictions and makes the book an outstanding introduction to the Substantive Issues in Criminal Law series.’ Judge Jürgen Cierniak, German Federal Court of Justice, Germany 'This book provides an impressively comprehensive analysis of the key concepts related to participation in crime. From a local perspective, it will be very useful to many Arab Spring countries which are currently endeavouring to reform and modernize their national criminal justice systems to address new forms of criminal liability. The volume could provide valuable solutions to cases pending in the region.' Judge Adel Maged, Vice President at the Court of Cassation (Criminal Chamber), Egypt "Overall Participation in Crime is a timely, well-written and informative book that ensures those with an interest in the subject-matter will not only gain a firm understanding of the fundamental tenets in this area but will also gain an appreciation of the theoretical, moral and policy debates surrounding their application." Criminal Law & Criminal Justice Books

• Participation in Crime