Psychology of Groups

Craig Parks, PhD, is Vice Provost for System Innovation and Policy and Professor of Psychology at Washington State University. He is a former president of APA Division 49 (Group Psychology and Group Psychotherapy) and former editor of Group Dynamics. His areas of expertise are human cooperation and group decision making, with a particular interest in the roles of personal traits, social comparison, and information processing in cooperative choice. He lives in Pullman, Washington.Giorgio A. Tasca, PhD, is a full-time professor in the School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada, and director of the Psychotherapy Practice Research Network (www.PPRNet.ca). He is past president of the Society of Group Psychology and Group Psychotherapy, a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, and Editor of Group Dynamics. Dr. Tasca teaches at l amp rsquo universita degli studi di Bergamo, and is Scientific Director of la Scuola Psicoterapia Integrata in Bergamo, Italy. He conducted several randomized controlled trials of group psychotherapy and published on advanced statistical modeling for group research. He lives in Ottawa, Canada. Visit www.gtasca.ca and follow giorgiotasca.

• ContributorsIntroduction: Groups as Vehicles for Change, Growth, and ProductivityCraig D. Parks and Giorgio A. TascaDefinitionsGroup Psychology Research Versus Group Psychotherapy ResearchIntergroup Versus Intragroup ResearchResearch Versus PracticeOrganization of the Book. A Review of Research Synergies (and Lack Thereof) Between Group Psychology and Group PsychotherapyCraig D. ParksExperimental Group Research Versus Group Practice ResearchHuman Potential MovementGroup Practice Research Versus the Practice of GroupsConclusionI. GROUP PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH: IMPLICATIONS FOR GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY2. Inclusion, Exclusion, and Group Psychotherapy: The Importance of a Trauma-Informed ApproachEric D. Wesselmann and Leandra ParrisA Brief Tour of Social Exclusion ResearchKey Unresolved Questions in Social Exclusion ResearchTreatment of Social Exclusion as a Form of TraumaTrauma-Informed Group PsychotherapyConclusion3. Composition and Compilation: A Selective Review and Applications to Therapy GroupsMichael R. Baumann and James C. DellerOverview of Composition and Compilation ProcessesGroup TherapyComposition and Compilation in Information Sharing and Group PerformanceComposition and Compilation in Cohesion and Intragroup ConflictEmpirical Gaps and Emerging TrendsComposition, Compilation, and Group TherapyConclusion4. Principles of Cooperation: Implications for Group PsychotherapyCraig D. ParksNorms of CooperationGroup IdentificationMoralityPersonality and Individual Difference TraitsExtensions to Therapy GroupsConclusion5. Social Influence Theory and Research: Implications for Group PsychotherapyDonelson R. ForsythSocial Influence in GroupsImplications for PracticeImplications for ResearchConclusion. The New Psychology of Leadership: Informing Clinical PracticeMichael J. Platow, S. Alexander Haslam, Stephen D. Reicher, Diana M. Grace, and Tegan CruwysTraditional Understandings of LeadershipNew Psychology of Leadership and the Psychology of Group MembershipsClinical Practice and the New Psychology of LeadershipThree Factors Informing Future ResearchConclusion7. Group Influences in Sports and Exercise Settings: Applications to Therapy GroupsKevin S. SpinkUnique Characteristics of the Sports and Exercise SettingGroup CompositionGroup StructureConclusionII. GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH: IMPLICATIONS FOR GROUP PSYCHOLOGY8. Attachment and Group Psychotherapy: Applications to Work Groups and TeamsGiorgio A. Tasca and Hilary MaxwellOverview of Attachment TheoryReflective FunctioningAttachment Theory and Group Therapy ResearchAttachment and Research on Work Groups and TeamsRecommendations for Practitioners in Nontherapy ContextsDirections for Future ResearchConclusion9. Group Cohesion: Empirical Evidence From Group Psychotherapy for Those Studying Other Areas of Group WorkCheri L. Marmarosh and Amy SproulDefining CohesionEmpirically Identifying Factors Contributing to CohesionGroup Cohesion: Treatment Process and OutcomeImmature and Mature CohesionLeader Factors That Lead to Mature Group CohesionGroup Psychotherapy: Methods Used to Assess CohesionApplications to Other Areas of Group Work. Mutual Influence in Group Psychotherapy: A Review and Application to Group PsychologyD. Martin Kivlighan, III, and Rayna C. NarvaezMutual Influence DefinedActor amp ndash Partner Interdependence ModelApplication of the APIM to Study Mutual InfluenceKey Unresolved Questions and Future DirectionsImplications for Group Psychology ResearchImplications for Group Psychology PracticeConclusion. Forgiveness and Group Therapy: Current Research and Implications for Group Psychology Research and PracticeNathaniel G. Wade and Meredith V. TittlerForgiveness DefinedThe Reach of Forgiveness ResearchCurrent Literature on Forgiveness in Group TherapyFuture Directions for Group Psychotherapy and Group PsychologyConsiderations and Concerns for Group Psychology Research and Practice on ForgivenessConclusion2. Group Therapy Development: Implications for Nontherapy GroupsJohn S. Ogrodniczuk, Joanna Cheek, and David KealyGroup Development ModelsMoving Through Stages of Group DevelopmentResearch Related to Group DevelopmentUnresolved Issues in Group Development ResearchImplications of Group Development for Nontherapy GroupsConclusion3. Change Processes of Interpersonal Functioning in Group Therapy: Implications for Team FunctioningMartyn WhittinghamPsychotherapy and the Variance-Explained ModelInterpersonal TheoryChange and Interpersonal TheoryInteractions Between Group Therapy FactorsInterpersonal Change ProcessesTheories of Change and Interpersonal PsychotherapiesTreatment ApproachesApplying Interpersonal Theory to Sports TeamsInterpersonal Theory and Military SettingsInterpersonal Theory and Educational SettingsFuture DirectionsAfterword: Conclusions and Ways Forward for Group Psychology and Group Psychotherapy ResearchCraig D. Parks and Giorgio A. TascaCohesion Is CriticalLeaders Have Intricate Effects on the GroupAttachment Is Distinct From CohesionConclusionIndexAbout the Editors