Alexander Mikaberidze, PhD, is Sybil T. and J. Frederick Patten Professor of History at Louisiana State University (Shreveport). He is an award- winning author and editor of more than a dozen books on military history.

• PrefaceA–Z EntriesAbu GhraibAfghanistanAmerican Civil War (1861–1865)American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)Andersonville PrisonApache Wars (1861–1886)ArbeitslagerArgentinaArmenian GenocideAuschwitzAustraliaBadaber Revolt (1985)Bagram Air BaseBanjica Concentration CampBataan Death March (1942)Batu Lintang CampBelene CampBelomorkanalBelzecBergen-BelsenBerger, Gottlob (1896–1975)Beria, Lavrenty (1899–1953)Berman, Matvei (1898–1939)Bicycle CampBirkenauBloemfontein Concentration CampBoer War (1899–1902)Bosnian WarBrändström, Elsa (1888–1948)BritainBritish Army Aid GroupBrussels, Declaration of (1874)BuchenwaldBulgaria, Internment and Labor CampsBullet Decree (1944)Burma-Thailand RailwayBushell, Roger Joyce (1910–1944)Butovo Firing RangeBykivnia Mass Grave SiteCabanatuanCabreraCambodian Killing FieldsCamp BuccaCamp ChaseCamp DouglasCamp FordCamp O'DonnellCamp 22CanadaCavell, Edith Louisa (1865–1915)Celebici CampCentral Agency for Prisoners of WarChangiChelmnoChietiChileChinaChoeung EkColditzConcentration CampsConfederate States of AmericaConvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)Cowra IncidentDachauDartmoor Massacre (1815)Davao Prison and Penal FarmDeath CampsDefence Regulation 18BDeir ez ZorDenmarkDmitrovlag/DmitlagDora-MittelbauDrancyDulag LuftEichmann, Adolf (1906–1962)Eichmans, Fyodor (1897–1938)Elmira Prison (New York)Engerau Trials (1945–1954)Extermination CentersFar East, British Military TrialsFeatherston Camp (New Zealand)Filtration Camps in ChechnyaFinlandFlick Case (1947)FlossenbürgFoca CampFort CassFossoli di CarpiFranceFranz, Kurt (1914–1998)French Revolutionary and Napoleonic EraGas ChambersGeneva Convention Protocol I (1977)Geneva Convention Relating to Prisoners of War (1929)GermanyGestapoGospicGreat EscapeGross-RosenGuantanamo Bay Detention CampGulagHeim, Aribert (1914–1992)Herero Genocide, Concentration Camps andHitler, Adolf (1889–1945)Hoa Lo Prison (Hanoi Hilton)Hoess, Rudolf (1900–1947)Holocaust, TheHolzmindenHomecoming, Operation (1973)I.G. Farben Case (1947)Indian Removal Act (1830)Internment of Japanese AmericansJ.A. Topf & SöhneJadovno Concentration CampJapanJasenovacKang Kek Iew (1942–)KaposKatyn Forest Massacre (1943)Kim Il Sung (1912–1994)Kinderblock 66Koch Trial (1951)Kogan, Lazar (1889–1939)Koje-Do Incident (1952)Korean WarKraków-PlaszowKramer, Josef (1906–1945)Krupp Case (1948)LamsdorfLibby PrisonLieber CodeLos BañosMajdanekManjacaMao Zedong (1893–1976)Maschke CommissionMauthausen-GusenMedical Experimentation during World War IIMengele, Josef (1911–1979)MonowitzNatzweiler-StruthofNeuengammeNiederhagenNKVD 202Norman CrossNorth KoreaNuremberg Trials (1945–1946)Oberheuser, Herta (1911–1978)OkahandjaOmarskaPalawan Massacre (1944)Persian Gulf War (1991)Pliner, IzrailPohl, Oswald (1892–1951)Pul-i Charkhi (Pul-E-Charkhi)Qala-i-Jangi Revolt (2001)RabRape Camps, Former YugoslaviaRavensbrückRheinwiesenlager (1945)RuhlebenSachsenhausenSajmišteSalaspilsSalisbury Prison (North Carolina)Sandakan Death MarchesSandarmokhSarposaSelarang Barracks Incident (1942)Seminole WarsSerpantinkaSevvostlagShark IslandSisakSlave Labor (World War II)SobibórSolovki Special CampSolzhenitsyn, Aleksandr (1918–2008)Sonderaktion 1005SonderkommandoSoviet Union, Deportations inSoviet Union, POW Camps (1941–1956)Spanish-American War (1898)Srebrenica MassacreSremska MitrovicaSri LankaSS-TotenkopfverbändeStajicevoStalagStalin, Joseph (1879–1953)Stangl, Franz (1908–1971)StutthofSwakopmundSwedenSwitzerlandTheresienstadtTorrens IslandTrail of Tears (1838)Trawniki MenTreblinkaTrostinetsTuchola CampTuol Sleng PrisonUnit 731U.S. POW Camps (1861–1865)U.S. POW Camps (1941–1948)UstašeVaivaraVietnam War (1964–1973)Vorkuta CampsVughtWesterborkWindhoekWirth, Christian (1885–1944)World War I Prisoners of WarWorld War II Prisoners of WarYokohama Trials (1946–1951)YugoslaviaZamperini, Louis (1917–2014)Zyklon B Case (1946)Primary DocumentsInstructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code) (1863)Private Prescott Tracy on the Conditions at the Andersonville Prison Camp (1864)Emily Hobhouse on the Conditions at the British Concentration Camps in South Africa (1901)Peter Moor's Account of the Herero Genocide (1904–1905)Excerpts from the 1907 Hague Convention IV with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land (1907)Rudolf Hoess's Testimony on the Activities at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp (1946)Excerpts from the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1949)Excerpts from Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (1977)Taguba Report on Treatment of Abu Ghraib Prisoners in Iraq (2004)The Guantanamo Executive Order (2018)BibliographyContributor ListIndexAbout the Editor

Alexander Mikaberidze, PhD, is Sybil T. and J. Frederick Patten Professor of History at Louisiana State University (Shreveport). He is an award- winning author and editor of more than a dozen books on military history.

• PrefaceA–Z EntriesAbu GhraibAfghanistanAmerican Civil War (1861–1865)American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)Andersonville PrisonApache Wars (1861–1886)ArbeitslagerArgentinaArmenian GenocideAuschwitzAustraliaBadaber Revolt (1985)Bagram Air BaseBanjica Concentration CampBataan Death March (1942)Batu Lintang CampBelene CampBelomorkanalBelzecBergen-BelsenBerger, Gottlob (1896–1975)Beria, Lavrenty (1899–1953)Berman, Matvei (1898–1939)Bicycle CampBirkenauBloemfontein Concentration CampBoer War (1899–1902)Bosnian WarBrändström, Elsa (1888–1948)BritainBritish Army Aid GroupBrussels, Declaration of (1874)BuchenwaldBulgaria, Internment and Labor CampsBullet Decree (1944)Burma-Thailand RailwayBushell, Roger Joyce (1910–1944)Butovo Firing RangeBykivnia Mass Grave SiteCabanatuanCabreraCambodian Killing FieldsCamp BuccaCamp ChaseCamp DouglasCamp FordCamp O'DonnellCamp 22CanadaCavell, Edith Louisa (1865–1915)Celebici CampCentral Agency for Prisoners of WarChangiChelmnoChietiChileChinaChoeung EkColditzConcentration CampsConfederate States of AmericaConvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)Cowra IncidentDachauDartmoor Massacre (1815)Davao Prison and Penal FarmDeath CampsDefence Regulation 18BDeir ez ZorDenmarkDmitrovlag/DmitlagDora-MittelbauDrancyDulag LuftEichmann, Adolf (1906–1962)Eichmans, Fyodor (1897–1938)Elmira Prison (New York)Engerau Trials (1945–1954)Extermination CentersFar East, British Military TrialsFeatherston Camp (New Zealand)Filtration Camps in ChechnyaFinlandFlick Case (1947)FlossenbürgFoca CampFort CassFossoli di CarpiFranceFranz, Kurt (1914–1998)French Revolutionary and Napoleonic EraGas ChambersGeneva Convention Protocol I (1977)Geneva Convention Relating to Prisoners of War (1929)GermanyGestapoGospicGreat EscapeGross-RosenGuantanamo Bay Detention CampGulagHeim, Aribert (1914–1992)Herero Genocide, Concentration Camps andHitler, Adolf (1889–1945)Hoa Lo Prison (Hanoi Hilton)Hoess, Rudolf (1900–1947)Holocaust, TheHolzmindenHomecoming, Operation (1973)I.G. Farben Case (1947)Indian Removal Act (1830)Internment of Japanese AmericansJ.A. Topf & SöhneJadovno Concentration CampJapanJasenovacKang Kek Iew (1942–)KaposKatyn Forest Massacre (1943)Kim Il Sung (1912–1994)Kinderblock 66Koch Trial (1951)Kogan, Lazar (1889–1939)Koje-Do Incident (1952)Korean WarKraków-PlaszowKramer, Josef (1906–1945)Krupp Case (1948)LamsdorfLibby PrisonLieber CodeLos BañosMajdanekManjacaMao Zedong (1893–1976)Maschke CommissionMauthausen-GusenMedical Experimentation during World War IIMengele, Josef (1911–1979)MonowitzNatzweiler-StruthofNeuengammeNiederhagenNKVD 202Norman CrossNorth KoreaNuremberg Trials (1945–1946)Oberheuser, Herta (1911–1978)OkahandjaOmarskaPalawan Massacre (1944)Persian Gulf War (1991)Pliner, IzrailPohl, Oswald (1892–1951)Pul-i Charkhi (Pul-E-Charkhi)Qala-i-Jangi Revolt (2001)RabRape Camps, Former YugoslaviaRavensbrückRheinwiesenlager (1945)RuhlebenSachsenhausenSajmišteSalaspilsSalisbury Prison (North Carolina)Sandakan Death MarchesSandarmokhSarposaSelarang Barracks Incident (1942)Seminole WarsSerpantinkaSevvostlagShark IslandSisakSlave Labor (World War II)SobibórSolovki Special CampSolzhenitsyn, Aleksandr (1918–2008)Sonderaktion 1005SonderkommandoSoviet Union, Deportations inSoviet Union, POW Camps (1941–1956)Spanish-American War (1898)Srebrenica MassacreSremska MitrovicaSri LankaSS-TotenkopfverbändeStajicevoStalagStalin, Joseph (1879–1953)Stangl, Franz (1908–1971)StutthofSwakopmundSwedenSwitzerlandTheresienstadtTorrens IslandTrail of Tears (1838)Trawniki MenTreblinkaTrostinetsTuchola CampTuol Sleng PrisonUnit 731U.S. POW Camps (1861–1865)U.S. POW Camps (1941–1948)UstašeVaivaraVietnam War (1964–1973)Vorkuta CampsVughtWesterborkWindhoekWirth, Christian (1885–1944)World War I Prisoners of WarWorld War II Prisoners of WarYokohama Trials (1946–1951)YugoslaviaZamperini, Louis (1917–2014)Zyklon B Case (1946)Primary DocumentsInstructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code) (1863)Private Prescott Tracy on the Conditions at the Andersonville Prison Camp (1864)Emily Hobhouse on the Conditions at the British Concentration Camps in South Africa (1901)Peter Moor's Account of the Herero Genocide (1904–1905)Excerpts from the 1907 Hague Convention IV with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land (1907)Rudolf Hoess's Testimony on the Activities at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp (1946)Excerpts from the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1949)Excerpts from Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (1977)Taguba Report on Treatment of Abu Ghraib Prisoners in Iraq (2004)The Guantanamo Executive Order (2018)BibliographyContributor ListIndexAbout the Editor

Alexander Mikaberidze, PhD, is Sybil T. and J. Frederick Patten Professor of History at Louisiana State University (Shreveport). He is an award- winning author and editor of more than a dozen books on military history.

• PrefaceA–Z EntriesAbu GhraibAfghanistanAmerican Civil War (1861–1865)American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)Andersonville PrisonApache Wars (1861–1886)ArbeitslagerArgentinaArmenian GenocideAuschwitzAustraliaBadaber Revolt (1985)Bagram Air BaseBanjica Concentration CampBataan Death March (1942)Batu Lintang CampBelene CampBelomorkanalBelzecBergen-BelsenBerger, Gottlob (1896–1975)Beria, Lavrenty (1899–1953)Berman, Matvei (1898–1939)Bicycle CampBirkenauBloemfontein Concentration CampBoer War (1899–1902)Bosnian WarBrändström, Elsa (1888–1948)BritainBritish Army Aid GroupBrussels, Declaration of (1874)BuchenwaldBulgaria, Internment and Labor CampsBullet Decree (1944)Burma-Thailand RailwayBushell, Roger Joyce (1910–1944)Butovo Firing RangeBykivnia Mass Grave SiteCabanatuanCabreraCambodian Killing FieldsCamp BuccaCamp ChaseCamp DouglasCamp FordCamp O'DonnellCamp 22CanadaCavell, Edith Louisa (1865–1915)Celebici CampCentral Agency for Prisoners of WarChangiChelmnoChietiChileChinaChoeung EkColditzConcentration CampsConfederate States of AmericaConvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)Cowra IncidentDachauDartmoor Massacre (1815)Davao Prison and Penal FarmDeath CampsDefence Regulation 18BDeir ez ZorDenmarkDmitrovlag/DmitlagDora-MittelbauDrancyDulag LuftEichmann, Adolf (1906–1962)Eichmans, Fyodor (1897–1938)Elmira Prison (New York)Engerau Trials (1945–1954)Extermination CentersFar East, British Military TrialsFeatherston Camp (New Zealand)Filtration Camps in ChechnyaFinlandFlick Case (1947)FlossenbürgFoca CampFort CassFossoli di CarpiFranceFranz, Kurt (1914–1998)French Revolutionary and Napoleonic EraGas ChambersGeneva Convention Protocol I (1977)Geneva Convention Relating to Prisoners of War (1929)GermanyGestapoGospicGreat EscapeGross-RosenGuantanamo Bay Detention CampGulagHeim, Aribert (1914–1992)Herero Genocide, Concentration Camps andHitler, Adolf (1889–1945)Hoa Lo Prison (Hanoi Hilton)Hoess, Rudolf (1900–1947)Holocaust, TheHolzmindenHomecoming, Operation (1973)I.G. Farben Case (1947)Indian Removal Act (1830)Internment of Japanese AmericansJ.A. Topf & SöhneJadovno Concentration CampJapanJasenovacKang Kek Iew (1942–)KaposKatyn Forest Massacre (1943)Kim Il Sung (1912–1994)Kinderblock 66Koch Trial (1951)Kogan, Lazar (1889–1939)Koje-Do Incident (1952)Korean WarKraków-PlaszowKramer, Josef (1906–1945)Krupp Case (1948)LamsdorfLibby PrisonLieber CodeLos BañosMajdanekManjacaMao Zedong (1893–1976)Maschke CommissionMauthausen-GusenMedical Experimentation during World War IIMengele, Josef (1911–1979)MonowitzNatzweiler-StruthofNeuengammeNiederhagenNKVD 202Norman CrossNorth KoreaNuremberg Trials (1945–1946)Oberheuser, Herta (1911–1978)OkahandjaOmarskaPalawan Massacre (1944)Persian Gulf War (1991)Pliner, IzrailPohl, Oswald (1892–1951)Pul-i Charkhi (Pul-E-Charkhi)Qala-i-Jangi Revolt (2001)RabRape Camps, Former YugoslaviaRavensbrückRheinwiesenlager (1945)RuhlebenSachsenhausenSajmišteSalaspilsSalisbury Prison (North Carolina)Sandakan Death MarchesSandarmokhSarposaSelarang Barracks Incident (1942)Seminole WarsSerpantinkaSevvostlagShark IslandSisakSlave Labor (World War II)SobibórSolovki Special CampSolzhenitsyn, Aleksandr (1918–2008)Sonderaktion 1005SonderkommandoSoviet Union, Deportations inSoviet Union, POW Camps (1941–1956)Spanish-American War (1898)Srebrenica MassacreSremska MitrovicaSri LankaSS-TotenkopfverbändeStajicevoStalagStalin, Joseph (1879–1953)Stangl, Franz (1908–1971)StutthofSwakopmundSwedenSwitzerlandTheresienstadtTorrens IslandTrail of Tears (1838)Trawniki MenTreblinkaTrostinetsTuchola CampTuol Sleng PrisonUnit 731U.S. POW Camps (1861–1865)U.S. POW Camps (1941–1948)UstašeVaivaraVietnam War (1964–1973)Vorkuta CampsVughtWesterborkWindhoekWirth, Christian (1885–1944)World War I Prisoners of WarWorld War II Prisoners of WarYokohama Trials (1946–1951)YugoslaviaZamperini, Louis (1917–2014)Zyklon B Case (1946)Primary DocumentsInstructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code) (1863)Private Prescott Tracy on the Conditions at the Andersonville Prison Camp (1864)Emily Hobhouse on the Conditions at the British Concentration Camps in South Africa (1901)Peter Moor's Account of the Herero Genocide (1904–1905)Excerpts from the 1907 Hague Convention IV with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land (1907)Rudolf Hoess's Testimony on the Activities at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp (1946)Excerpts from the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1949)Excerpts from Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (1977)Taguba Report on Treatment of Abu Ghraib Prisoners in Iraq (2004)The Guantanamo Executive Order (2018)BibliographyContributor ListIndexAbout the Editor