Dr Rebecca Rist is a lecturer in Medieval History at the University of Reading. Her areas of interest include the crusades, Jewish-Christian relations, the medieval church and the papacy. Recent articles have explored papal policy towards the Albigensian crusades and with regard to crusading and the Jews.

"'Highly original and challenging ideas which will make all of us think again... This is an important and revisionary monograph.' Jonathan Riley-Smith, Dixie Professor of Emeritus of Ecclesiastical History, University of Cambridge, UK 'The issue of internal crusading one remains a very important one within crusading studies and this book would add to the debate and carry it forward.' Norman Housley, Professor of History and Head of School, University of Leicester, UK"

• Introduction; 1. Innocent III: the Early Years of the Albigensian Crusade; 2. Honorius III: the Albigensian Crusade Continues; 3. Gregory IX: the Authorization of Crusades against Heretics in Europe; 4. Popes and the First 'Political Crusades'; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.

Dr Rebecca Rist is a lecturer in Medieval History at the University of Reading. Her areas of interest include the crusades, Jewish-Christian relations, the medieval church and the papacy. Recent articles have explored papal policy towards the Albigensian crusades and with regard to crusading and the Jews.

"'Highly original and challenging ideas which will make all of us think again... This is an important and revisionary monograph.' Jonathan Riley-Smith, Dixie Professor of Emeritus of Ecclesiastical History, University of Cambridge, UK 'The issue of internal crusading one remains a very important one within crusading studies and this book would add to the debate and carry it forward.' Norman Housley, Professor of History and Head of School, University of Leicester, UK"

• Introduction; 1. Innocent III: the Early Years of the Albigensian Crusade; 2. Honorius III: the Albigensian Crusade Continues; 3. Gregory IX: the Authorization of Crusades against Heretics in Europe; 4. Popes and the First 'Political Crusades'; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.

Dr Rebecca Rist is a lecturer in Medieval History at the University of Reading. Her areas of interest include the crusades, Jewish-Christian relations, the medieval church and the papacy. Recent articles have explored papal policy towards the Albigensian crusades and with regard to crusading and the Jews.

"'Highly original and challenging ideas which will make all of us think again... This is an important and revisionary monograph.' Jonathan Riley-Smith, Dixie Professor of Emeritus of Ecclesiastical History, University of Cambridge, UK 'The issue of internal crusading one remains a very important one within crusading studies and this book would add to the debate and carry it forward.' Norman Housley, Professor of History and Head of School, University of Leicester, UK"

• Introduction; 1. Innocent III: the Early Years of the Albigensian Crusade; 2. Honorius III: the Albigensian Crusade Continues; 3. Gregory IX: the Authorization of Crusades against Heretics in Europe; 4. Popes and the First 'Political Crusades'; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.