Cheryl D. Conrad is Professor in the Department of Psychology and Associate Dean for Research, Division of Natural Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe. She is the author of more than 40 publications that report on how stress influences brain plasticity and resilience.

• List of Contributors x Foreword xivRobert SapolskyPreface xviAcknowledgments xixList of Abbreviations xxPart I Basics of the Stress Response 11 The Basics of the Stress Response: A Historical Context and Introduction 3Kenneth J. Thiel and Michael N. Dretsch2 Central Nervous System Regulation of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Stress Response 29James P. Herman3 Corticosteroid Receptor Involvement in the Stress Response 47E. Ronald de Kloet, Roel H. DeRijk, and Onno C. Meijer4 Nongenomic Cellular Actions of Corticosteroids in the Brain 76Marian Joëls, Femke Groeneweg, and Henk Karst5 Stress Effects on the Brain: Intracellular Signaling Cascades, Epigenetic Mechanisms, and Implications for Behavior 95Johannes M. H. M. Reul, Andrew Collins, and María Gutièrrez-Mecinas6 Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulation of Gene Expression 113Alyson B. Scoltock and John A. CidlowskiPart II Stress Influences on Brain Plasticity and Cognition 1357 Stress and Adult Neurogenesis 137Timothy J. Schoenfeld and Elizabeth Gould8 Neurobiological Basis of the Complex Effects of Stress on Memory and Synaptic Plasticity 157Phillip R. Zoladz, Collin R. Park, and David M. Diamond9 Acute Glucocorticoids Interact with Arousal State in Regulating Long-term Memory Formation 179Patrizia Campolongo and Benno Roozendaal10 Chronic Stress Effects on Corticolimbic Morphology 201Cara L. Wellman11 Effects of Chronic Stress on Memory and Neuroplasticity: Animal Studies 230Carmen Sandi12 Stress and Glucocorticoid Effects on Learning and Memory: Human Studies 248Marie-France Marin and Sonia J. LupienPart III Stress Effects Across the Life Span 26713 Adolescence and Stress: From Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Function to Brain Development 269Russell D. Romeo and Ilia N. Karatsoreos14 Effect of Early Environment and Separation Animal Models on Neurobiological Development 285Allison Jane Fulford15 Clinical Implications of Childhood Stress 304Linda J. Luecken, Danielle S. Roubinov, and Catherine Purdom16 Chronic Stress and Hippocampus Vulnerability to Functional Changes and Health in the Adult 324Cheryl D. Conrad17 Stress and Aging: A Question of Resilience with Implications for Disease 349Erik B. Bloss, John H. Morrison, and Bruce S. McEwenPart IV Stress Involvement in Anxiety, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Depression 36718 Social Stress Effects on Defensive Behavior and Anxiety 369Brandon L. Pearson, D. Caroline Blanchard, and Robert J. Blanchard19 Stress and Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 388Hagit Cohen, Gal Richter-Levin, and Joseph Zohar20 What Can Fear Conditioning Tell Us About Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? 410Jacek Dębiec and Joseph E. LeDoux21 Stress and Glucocorticoid Effects on Memory: Implications for Anxiety Disorders 426Dominique J.-F. de Quervain22 Stress and Human Neuroimaging Studies 446J. Douglas Bremner23 Chronic Stress and Depression 463Eberhard Fuchs and Gabriele Flügge24 How Can Stress Alter Emotional Balance Through Its Interaction with the Serotonergic System? 480Raymond Mongeau, Michel Hamon, and Laurence Lanfumey25 Stress, Prefrontal Cortex Asymmetry, and Depression 505Ron M. Sullivan and François LaplantePart V Stress, Coping, Predisposition, and Sex Differences 52526 Chronic Stress and Sex Differences on Cognition: Animal Studies 527Victoria N. Luine27 Effects of Stress on Learning and Memory: Evidence for Sex Differences in Humans 545Oliver T. Wolf28 Infl uence of Diet on Stress Response and Behavior 560Efthymia Kitraki29 Influence of Appraisal and Coping Following Extreme Stress 578Miranda OlffName Index 597Subject Index 664

Cheryl D. Conrad is Professor in the Department of Psychology and Associate Dean for Research, Division of Natural Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe. She is the author of more than 40 publications that report on how stress influences brain plasticity and resilience.

• List of Contributors x Foreword xivRobert SapolskyPreface xviAcknowledgments xixList of Abbreviations xxPart I Basics of the Stress Response 11 The Basics of the Stress Response: A Historical Context and Introduction 3Kenneth J. Thiel and Michael N. Dretsch2 Central Nervous System Regulation of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Stress Response 29James P. Herman3 Corticosteroid Receptor Involvement in the Stress Response 47E. Ronald de Kloet, Roel H. DeRijk, and Onno C. Meijer4 Nongenomic Cellular Actions of Corticosteroids in the Brain 76Marian Joëls, Femke Groeneweg, and Henk Karst5 Stress Effects on the Brain: Intracellular Signaling Cascades, Epigenetic Mechanisms, and Implications for Behavior 95Johannes M. H. M. Reul, Andrew Collins, and María Gutièrrez-Mecinas6 Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulation of Gene Expression 113Alyson B. Scoltock and John A. CidlowskiPart II Stress Influences on Brain Plasticity and Cognition 1357 Stress and Adult Neurogenesis 137Timothy J. Schoenfeld and Elizabeth Gould8 Neurobiological Basis of the Complex Effects of Stress on Memory and Synaptic Plasticity 157Phillip R. Zoladz, Collin R. Park, and David M. Diamond9 Acute Glucocorticoids Interact with Arousal State in Regulating Long-term Memory Formation 179Patrizia Campolongo and Benno Roozendaal10 Chronic Stress Effects on Corticolimbic Morphology 201Cara L. Wellman11 Effects of Chronic Stress on Memory and Neuroplasticity: Animal Studies 230Carmen Sandi12 Stress and Glucocorticoid Effects on Learning and Memory: Human Studies 248Marie-France Marin and Sonia J. LupienPart III Stress Effects Across the Life Span 26713 Adolescence and Stress: From Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Function to Brain Development 269Russell D. Romeo and Ilia N. Karatsoreos14 Effect of Early Environment and Separation Animal Models on Neurobiological Development 285Allison Jane Fulford15 Clinical Implications of Childhood Stress 304Linda J. Luecken, Danielle S. Roubinov, and Catherine Purdom16 Chronic Stress and Hippocampus Vulnerability to Functional Changes and Health in the Adult 324Cheryl D. Conrad17 Stress and Aging: A Question of Resilience with Implications for Disease 349Erik B. Bloss, John H. Morrison, and Bruce S. McEwenPart IV Stress Involvement in Anxiety, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Depression 36718 Social Stress Effects on Defensive Behavior and Anxiety 369Brandon L. Pearson, D. Caroline Blanchard, and Robert J. Blanchard19 Stress and Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 388Hagit Cohen, Gal Richter-Levin, and Joseph Zohar20 What Can Fear Conditioning Tell Us About Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? 410Jacek Dębiec and Joseph E. LeDoux21 Stress and Glucocorticoid Effects on Memory: Implications for Anxiety Disorders 426Dominique J.-F. de Quervain22 Stress and Human Neuroimaging Studies 446J. Douglas Bremner23 Chronic Stress and Depression 463Eberhard Fuchs and Gabriele Flügge24 How Can Stress Alter Emotional Balance Through Its Interaction with the Serotonergic System? 480Raymond Mongeau, Michel Hamon, and Laurence Lanfumey25 Stress, Prefrontal Cortex Asymmetry, and Depression 505Ron M. Sullivan and François LaplantePart V Stress, Coping, Predisposition, and Sex Differences 52526 Chronic Stress and Sex Differences on Cognition: Animal Studies 527Victoria N. Luine27 Effects of Stress on Learning and Memory: Evidence for Sex Differences in Humans 545Oliver T. Wolf28 Infl uence of Diet on Stress Response and Behavior 560Efthymia Kitraki29 Influence of Appraisal and Coping Following Extreme Stress 578Miranda OlffName Index 597Subject Index 664

Cheryl D. Conrad is Professor in the Department of Psychology and Associate Dean for Research, Division of Natural Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe. She is the author of more than 40 publications that report on how stress influences brain plasticity and resilience.

• List of Contributors x Foreword xivRobert SapolskyPreface xviAcknowledgments xixList of Abbreviations xxPart I Basics of the Stress Response 11 The Basics of the Stress Response: A Historical Context and Introduction 3Kenneth J. Thiel and Michael N. Dretsch2 Central Nervous System Regulation of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Stress Response 29James P. Herman3 Corticosteroid Receptor Involvement in the Stress Response 47E. Ronald de Kloet, Roel H. DeRijk, and Onno C. Meijer4 Nongenomic Cellular Actions of Corticosteroids in the Brain 76Marian Joëls, Femke Groeneweg, and Henk Karst5 Stress Effects on the Brain: Intracellular Signaling Cascades, Epigenetic Mechanisms, and Implications for Behavior 95Johannes M. H. M. Reul, Andrew Collins, and María Gutièrrez-Mecinas6 Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulation of Gene Expression 113Alyson B. Scoltock and John A. CidlowskiPart II Stress Influences on Brain Plasticity and Cognition 1357 Stress and Adult Neurogenesis 137Timothy J. Schoenfeld and Elizabeth Gould8 Neurobiological Basis of the Complex Effects of Stress on Memory and Synaptic Plasticity 157Phillip R. Zoladz, Collin R. Park, and David M. Diamond9 Acute Glucocorticoids Interact with Arousal State in Regulating Long-term Memory Formation 179Patrizia Campolongo and Benno Roozendaal10 Chronic Stress Effects on Corticolimbic Morphology 201Cara L. Wellman11 Effects of Chronic Stress on Memory and Neuroplasticity: Animal Studies 230Carmen Sandi12 Stress and Glucocorticoid Effects on Learning and Memory: Human Studies 248Marie-France Marin and Sonia J. LupienPart III Stress Effects Across the Life Span 26713 Adolescence and Stress: From Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Function to Brain Development 269Russell D. Romeo and Ilia N. Karatsoreos14 Effect of Early Environment and Separation Animal Models on Neurobiological Development 285Allison Jane Fulford15 Clinical Implications of Childhood Stress 304Linda J. Luecken, Danielle S. Roubinov, and Catherine Purdom16 Chronic Stress and Hippocampus Vulnerability to Functional Changes and Health in the Adult 324Cheryl D. Conrad17 Stress and Aging: A Question of Resilience with Implications for Disease 349Erik B. Bloss, John H. Morrison, and Bruce S. McEwenPart IV Stress Involvement in Anxiety, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Depression 36718 Social Stress Effects on Defensive Behavior and Anxiety 369Brandon L. Pearson, D. Caroline Blanchard, and Robert J. Blanchard19 Stress and Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 388Hagit Cohen, Gal Richter-Levin, and Joseph Zohar20 What Can Fear Conditioning Tell Us About Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? 410Jacek Dębiec and Joseph E. LeDoux21 Stress and Glucocorticoid Effects on Memory: Implications for Anxiety Disorders 426Dominique J.-F. de Quervain22 Stress and Human Neuroimaging Studies 446J. Douglas Bremner23 Chronic Stress and Depression 463Eberhard Fuchs and Gabriele Flügge24 How Can Stress Alter Emotional Balance Through Its Interaction with the Serotonergic System? 480Raymond Mongeau, Michel Hamon, and Laurence Lanfumey25 Stress, Prefrontal Cortex Asymmetry, and Depression 505Ron M. Sullivan and François LaplantePart V Stress, Coping, Predisposition, and Sex Differences 52526 Chronic Stress and Sex Differences on Cognition: Animal Studies 527Victoria N. Luine27 Effects of Stress on Learning and Memory: Evidence for Sex Differences in Humans 545Oliver T. Wolf28 Infl uence of Diet on Stress Response and Behavior 560Efthymia Kitraki29 Influence of Appraisal and Coping Following Extreme Stress 578Miranda OlffName Index 597Subject Index 664