David Forbes, PhD, is Director of Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Melbourne. He began practicing as a clinical psychologist in the mid-1990s and has a strong research track record in the assessment and treatment of mental health problems in trauma survivors, with a specialty in military, veteran, emergency services, and post-disaster mental health. Dr. Forbes led the development of the Australian Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD and is Co-Chair of the 5-Eyes Mental Health Research and Innovation Collaboration.Jonathan I. Bisson, DM, FRCPsych, is Professor of Psychiatry at Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, United Kingdom, and a practicing psychiatrist. He is Chair of the Treatment Guidelines Committee of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and is currently developing an All Wales Traumatic Stress Quality Improvement Initiative. Dr. Bisson was Co-Chair of the first PTSD Guideline Development Group of the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. He is a past president of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, and led the development of Veterans NHS Wales. He has conducted widely cited research on the prevention and treatment of PTSD.Candice M. Monson, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at Toronto Metropolitan University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A Fellow of the American and Canadian Psychological Associations and the Royal Society of Canada, she is a recipient of the Traumatic Stress Psychologist of the Year Award from the Canadian Psychological Association and the Distinguished Mentorship Award from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Dr. Monson is well known for her research on interpersonal factors in traumatization and the development, testing, and dissemination of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including cognitive processing therapy and cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD.Lucy Berliner, MSW, is Director of the Harborview Center for Sexual Assault and Traumatic Stress at the University of Washington, where she is also Clinical Associate Professor in the School of Social Work and in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Her activities include clinical practice with child and adult victims of trauma and crime; research on the impact of trauma and the effectiveness of clinical and societal interventions; and participation in local and national social policy initiatives to promote the interests of trauma and crime victims.

"The third edition builds on the extraordinary contributions of the two prior editions. The well-chosen authors have integrated standardized, rigorous reviews of the latest research with extremely helpful guidelines on how to apply the research recommendations in clinical practice settings. The book incorporates a number of significant advances and new topics and highlights future directions for the field in a thoughtful and practical way. This is a scientifically grounded, visionary book that is an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and advanced graduate students."--Patricia J. Watson, PhD, Senior Educational Specialist, National Center for PTSD"This impressive book thoroughly summarizes the state of the art in evidence-based approaches to early intervention and treatment for PTSD. It is unique in accomplishing something that previous (often technical and dry) consensus best-practice guidelines have not--it fleshes out research findings in a way that enables clinicians to make informed choices about how to best help trauma survivors in particular contexts. Chapters provide rich details about clinical procedures and discuss who is most likely to benefit, how to avoid pitfalls and maximize impact, and what to do about problems that arise. The editors and contributors are experts with tremendous training and clinical experience."--Brett T. Litz, PhD, Director, Mental Health Core, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiological Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine"The third edition of this book takes an important step in bridging the gap between evidence-based guidelines and clinical practice. Clinicians face an array of barriers attempting to integrate findings from randomized clinical trials into their day-to-day work. The book is genuinely unique and much needed--each chapter goes beyond the research evidence to explore the challenges of applied implementation, providing practical and effective treatment recommendations. If you are working with those struggling with PTSD, this is a 'must read' regardless of clinical setting. You simply won’t find more innovative, comprehensive coverage of this critical topic."--M. David Rudd, PhD, ABPP, President and Distinguished University Professor of Psychology, University of Memphis"Congratulations to Dave Forbes, Jon Bisson, Candice Monson, and Lucy Berliner on overseeing this new edition. They have masterfully synthesized the wide-ranging research on treating PTSD that has been going on since the second edition of this volume came out. Their editorial vision has brought a fresh perspective to the ISTSS treatment guidelines, and offers the field an invaluable resource. We’re thrilled to see the careful work in this arena continue, giving guidance to practitioners and researchers around the world."--Edna B. Foa, PhD; Terence M. Keane, PhD; Matthew J. Friedman, MD, PhD; and Judith A. Cohen, MD, editors of Effective Treatments for PTSD, Second Edition-When I received the review copy of this book, I immediately pressed it into service....The authors and editors of this book are to be commended for the neat package of materials they have assembled that provides information that both researchers and clinicians need in an unbiased yet easy-to-access style. I believe this book will be important for anyone interested in the current state of the art in trauma treatment or who wants to know what is happening in trauma research. I highly recommend this book for both scientists and practitioners. (on the second edition)--PsycCRITIQUES, 9/1/2009

• I. Introduction and Background1. Effective Treatments for PTSD: Guiding Current Practice and Future Innovation, David Forbes, Jonathan I. Bisson, Candice M. Monson, & Lucy Berliner2. Trauma and PTSD: Epidemiology, Comorbidity, and Clinical Presentation in Adults, Kristina J. Korte, Tammy Jiang, Karestan C. Koenen, & Jaimie Gradus3. Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Developmental Considerations in Children and Adolescents, Eva Alisic, Rowena Conroy, & Siri Thoresen4. Diagnosis, Assessment, and Screening for PTSD and Complex PTSD in Adults, Jonathan I. Bisson, Chris R. Brewin, Marylene Cloitre, & Andreas Maercker5. Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis in Children and Adolescents, Lucy Berliner, Richard Meiser-Stedman, & Andrea Danese6. ISTSS PTSD Prevention and Treatment Guidelines: Methodology, Jonathan I. Bisson, Catrin Lewis, & Neil Roberts7. ISTSS PTSD Prevention and Treatment Guidelines: Recommendations, Jonathan I. Bisson, Lucy Berliner, Marylene Cloitre, David Forbes, Tine Jensen, Catrin Lewis, Candice M. Monson, Miranda Olff, Stephen Pilling, David Riggs, Neil Roberts, & Francine ShapiroII. Early Intervention in Adults8. Early Intervention for Trauma-Related Psychopathology, Meaghan L. O’Donnell, Belinda J. Pacella, Richard A. Bryant, Miranda Olff, & David Forbes9. Early Pharmacological Intervention Following Exposure to Traumatic Events, Jonathan I. Bisson, Laurence Astill Wright, & Marit SijbrandijIII. Early Intervention in Children and Adolescents10. Preventative and Early Interventions, Justin Kenardy, Nancy Kassam-Adams, & Grete DybIV. Treatments for Adults11. Psychological Treatments: Core and Common Elements of Effectiveness, Miranda Olff, Candice M. Monson, David Riggs, Christopher W. Lee, Anke Ehlers, & David Forbes12. Prolonged Exposure, David S. Riggs, Larissa Tate, Kelly Chrestman, & Edna B. Foa13. Cognitive Processing Therapy, Kathleen M. Chard, Debra L. Kaysen, Tara E. Galovski, Reginald D. V. Nixon, & Candice M. Monson14. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy, Francine Shapiro, Mark C. Russell, Christopher W. Lee, & Sarah J. Schubert15. Cognitive Therapy, Anke Ehlers16. Pharmacological and Other Biological Treatments, Jonathan I. Bisson, Mathew Hoskins, & Dan J. Stein17. Combined Psychotherapy and Medication Treatment, Mark Burton, Jessica Maples-Keller, Mathew Hoskins, Yilang Tang, Katarzyna Wyka, JoAnn Difede, & Barbara O. Rothbaum18. E-Mental Health, Catrin Lewis & Miranda Olff19. Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Interventions, Ariel Lang & Barbara Niles20. Treatment of Complex PTSD, Marylene Cloitre, Thanos Karatzias, & Julian FordV. Treatments for Children and Adolescents21. Treatment of PTSD and Complex PTSD, Tine Jensen, Judy Cohen, Lisa Jaycox, & Rita RosnerVI. Application, Implementation, and Future Directions22. Treatment Considerations for PTSD Comorbidities, Neil P. Roberts, Sudie E. Back, Kim Mueser, & Laura K. Murray23. Building a Science of Personalized Interventions for PTSD, Marylene Cloitre, Zachary Cohen, & Ulrich Schnyder24. Training and Implementation of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for PTSD, David S. Riggs, Maegan M. Paxton, Sybil Mallonee, Craig Rosen, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, & Shannon Dorsey25. A Health Economics View, Ifigeneia Mavranezouli & Cathy Mihalopoulos26. The Future of Traumatic Stress Treatments: Time to Grasp the Opportunity, David Forbes, Jonathan I. Bisson, Candice M. Monson, & Lucy Berliner

David Forbes, PhD, is Director of Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Melbourne. He began practicing as a clinical psychologist in the mid-1990s and has a strong research track record in the assessment and treatment of mental health problems in trauma survivors, with a specialty in military, veteran, emergency services, and post-disaster mental health. Dr. Forbes led the development of the Australian Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD and is Co-Chair of the 5-Eyes Mental Health Research and Innovation Collaboration.Jonathan I. Bisson, DM, FRCPsych, is Professor of Psychiatry at Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, United Kingdom, and a practicing psychiatrist. He is Chair of the Treatment Guidelines Committee of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and is currently developing an All Wales Traumatic Stress Quality Improvement Initiative. Dr. Bisson was Co-Chair of the first PTSD Guideline Development Group of the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. He is a past president of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, and led the development of Veterans NHS Wales. He has conducted widely cited research on the prevention and treatment of PTSD.Candice M. Monson, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at Toronto Metropolitan University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A Fellow of the American and Canadian Psychological Associations and the Royal Society of Canada, she is a recipient of the Traumatic Stress Psychologist of the Year Award from the Canadian Psychological Association and the Distinguished Mentorship Award from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Dr. Monson is well known for her research on interpersonal factors in traumatization and the development, testing, and dissemination of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including cognitive processing therapy and cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD.Lucy Berliner, MSW, is Director of the Harborview Center for Sexual Assault and Traumatic Stress at the University of Washington, where she is also Clinical Associate Professor in the School of Social Work and in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Her activities include clinical practice with child and adult victims of trauma and crime; research on the impact of trauma and the effectiveness of clinical and societal interventions; and participation in local and national social policy initiatives to promote the interests of trauma and crime victims.

"The third edition builds on the extraordinary contributions of the two prior editions. The well-chosen authors have integrated standardized, rigorous reviews of the latest research with extremely helpful guidelines on how to apply the research recommendations in clinical practice settings. The book incorporates a number of significant advances and new topics and highlights future directions for the field in a thoughtful and practical way. This is a scientifically grounded, visionary book that is an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and advanced graduate students."--Patricia J. Watson, PhD, Senior Educational Specialist, National Center for PTSD"This impressive book thoroughly summarizes the state of the art in evidence-based approaches to early intervention and treatment for PTSD. It is unique in accomplishing something that previous (often technical and dry) consensus best-practice guidelines have not--it fleshes out research findings in a way that enables clinicians to make informed choices about how to best help trauma survivors in particular contexts. Chapters provide rich details about clinical procedures and discuss who is most likely to benefit, how to avoid pitfalls and maximize impact, and what to do about problems that arise. The editors and contributors are experts with tremendous training and clinical experience."--Brett T. Litz, PhD, Director, Mental Health Core, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiological Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine"The third edition of this book takes an important step in bridging the gap between evidence-based guidelines and clinical practice. Clinicians face an array of barriers attempting to integrate findings from randomized clinical trials into their day-to-day work. The book is genuinely unique and much needed--each chapter goes beyond the research evidence to explore the challenges of applied implementation, providing practical and effective treatment recommendations. If you are working with those struggling with PTSD, this is a 'must read' regardless of clinical setting. You simply won’t find more innovative, comprehensive coverage of this critical topic."--M. David Rudd, PhD, ABPP, President and Distinguished University Professor of Psychology, University of Memphis"Congratulations to Dave Forbes, Jon Bisson, Candice Monson, and Lucy Berliner on overseeing this new edition. They have masterfully synthesized the wide-ranging research on treating PTSD that has been going on since the second edition of this volume came out. Their editorial vision has brought a fresh perspective to the ISTSS treatment guidelines, and offers the field an invaluable resource. We’re thrilled to see the careful work in this arena continue, giving guidance to practitioners and researchers around the world."--Edna B. Foa, PhD; Terence M. Keane, PhD; Matthew J. Friedman, MD, PhD; and Judith A. Cohen, MD, editors of Effective Treatments for PTSD, Second Edition-When I received the review copy of this book, I immediately pressed it into service....The authors and editors of this book are to be commended for the neat package of materials they have assembled that provides information that both researchers and clinicians need in an unbiased yet easy-to-access style. I believe this book will be important for anyone interested in the current state of the art in trauma treatment or who wants to know what is happening in trauma research. I highly recommend this book for both scientists and practitioners. (on the second edition)--PsycCRITIQUES, 9/1/2009

• I. Introduction and Background1. Effective Treatments for PTSD: Guiding Current Practice and Future Innovation, David Forbes, Jonathan I. Bisson, Candice M. Monson, & Lucy Berliner2. Trauma and PTSD: Epidemiology, Comorbidity, and Clinical Presentation in Adults, Kristina J. Korte, Tammy Jiang, Karestan C. Koenen, & Jaimie Gradus3. Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Developmental Considerations in Children and Adolescents, Eva Alisic, Rowena Conroy, & Siri Thoresen4. Diagnosis, Assessment, and Screening for PTSD and Complex PTSD in Adults, Jonathan I. Bisson, Chris R. Brewin, Marylene Cloitre, & Andreas Maercker5. Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis in Children and Adolescents, Lucy Berliner, Richard Meiser-Stedman, & Andrea Danese6. ISTSS PTSD Prevention and Treatment Guidelines: Methodology, Jonathan I. Bisson, Catrin Lewis, & Neil Roberts7. ISTSS PTSD Prevention and Treatment Guidelines: Recommendations, Jonathan I. Bisson, Lucy Berliner, Marylene Cloitre, David Forbes, Tine Jensen, Catrin Lewis, Candice M. Monson, Miranda Olff, Stephen Pilling, David Riggs, Neil Roberts, & Francine ShapiroII. Early Intervention in Adults8. Early Intervention for Trauma-Related Psychopathology, Meaghan L. O’Donnell, Belinda J. Pacella, Richard A. Bryant, Miranda Olff, & David Forbes9. Early Pharmacological Intervention Following Exposure to Traumatic Events, Jonathan I. Bisson, Laurence Astill Wright, & Marit SijbrandijIII. Early Intervention in Children and Adolescents10. Preventative and Early Interventions, Justin Kenardy, Nancy Kassam-Adams, & Grete DybIV. Treatments for Adults11. Psychological Treatments: Core and Common Elements of Effectiveness, Miranda Olff, Candice M. Monson, David Riggs, Christopher W. Lee, Anke Ehlers, & David Forbes12. Prolonged Exposure, David S. Riggs, Larissa Tate, Kelly Chrestman, & Edna B. Foa13. Cognitive Processing Therapy, Kathleen M. Chard, Debra L. Kaysen, Tara E. Galovski, Reginald D. V. Nixon, & Candice M. Monson14. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy, Francine Shapiro, Mark C. Russell, Christopher W. Lee, & Sarah J. Schubert15. Cognitive Therapy, Anke Ehlers16. Pharmacological and Other Biological Treatments, Jonathan I. Bisson, Mathew Hoskins, & Dan J. Stein17. Combined Psychotherapy and Medication Treatment, Mark Burton, Jessica Maples-Keller, Mathew Hoskins, Yilang Tang, Katarzyna Wyka, JoAnn Difede, & Barbara O. Rothbaum18. E-Mental Health, Catrin Lewis & Miranda Olff19. Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Interventions, Ariel Lang & Barbara Niles20. Treatment of Complex PTSD, Marylene Cloitre, Thanos Karatzias, & Julian FordV. Treatments for Children and Adolescents21. Treatment of PTSD and Complex PTSD, Tine Jensen, Judy Cohen, Lisa Jaycox, & Rita RosnerVI. Application, Implementation, and Future Directions22. Treatment Considerations for PTSD Comorbidities, Neil P. Roberts, Sudie E. Back, Kim Mueser, & Laura K. Murray23. Building a Science of Personalized Interventions for PTSD, Marylene Cloitre, Zachary Cohen, & Ulrich Schnyder24. Training and Implementation of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for PTSD, David S. Riggs, Maegan M. Paxton, Sybil Mallonee, Craig Rosen, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, & Shannon Dorsey25. A Health Economics View, Ifigeneia Mavranezouli & Cathy Mihalopoulos26. The Future of Traumatic Stress Treatments: Time to Grasp the Opportunity, David Forbes, Jonathan I. Bisson, Candice M. Monson, & Lucy Berliner

David Forbes, PhD, is Director of Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Melbourne. He began practicing as a clinical psychologist in the mid-1990s and has a strong research track record in the assessment and treatment of mental health problems in trauma survivors, with a specialty in military, veteran, emergency services, and post-disaster mental health. Dr. Forbes led the development of the Australian Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD and is Co-Chair of the 5-Eyes Mental Health Research and Innovation Collaboration.Jonathan I. Bisson, DM, FRCPsych, is Professor of Psychiatry at Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, United Kingdom, and a practicing psychiatrist. He is Chair of the Treatment Guidelines Committee of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and is currently developing an All Wales Traumatic Stress Quality Improvement Initiative. Dr. Bisson was Co-Chair of the first PTSD Guideline Development Group of the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. He is a past president of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, and led the development of Veterans NHS Wales. He has conducted widely cited research on the prevention and treatment of PTSD.Candice M. Monson, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at Toronto Metropolitan University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A Fellow of the American and Canadian Psychological Associations and the Royal Society of Canada, she is a recipient of the Traumatic Stress Psychologist of the Year Award from the Canadian Psychological Association and the Distinguished Mentorship Award from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Dr. Monson is well known for her research on interpersonal factors in traumatization and the development, testing, and dissemination of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including cognitive processing therapy and cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD.Lucy Berliner, MSW, is Director of the Harborview Center for Sexual Assault and Traumatic Stress at the University of Washington, where she is also Clinical Associate Professor in the School of Social Work and in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Her activities include clinical practice with child and adult victims of trauma and crime; research on the impact of trauma and the effectiveness of clinical and societal interventions; and participation in local and national social policy initiatives to promote the interests of trauma and crime victims.

"The third edition builds on the extraordinary contributions of the two prior editions. The well-chosen authors have integrated standardized, rigorous reviews of the latest research with extremely helpful guidelines on how to apply the research recommendations in clinical practice settings. The book incorporates a number of significant advances and new topics and highlights future directions for the field in a thoughtful and practical way. This is a scientifically grounded, visionary book that is an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and advanced graduate students."--Patricia J. Watson, PhD, Senior Educational Specialist, National Center for PTSD"This impressive book thoroughly summarizes the state of the art in evidence-based approaches to early intervention and treatment for PTSD. It is unique in accomplishing something that previous (often technical and dry) consensus best-practice guidelines have not--it fleshes out research findings in a way that enables clinicians to make informed choices about how to best help trauma survivors in particular contexts. Chapters provide rich details about clinical procedures and discuss who is most likely to benefit, how to avoid pitfalls and maximize impact, and what to do about problems that arise. The editors and contributors are experts with tremendous training and clinical experience."--Brett T. Litz, PhD, Director, Mental Health Core, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiological Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine"The third edition of this book takes an important step in bridging the gap between evidence-based guidelines and clinical practice. Clinicians face an array of barriers attempting to integrate findings from randomized clinical trials into their day-to-day work. The book is genuinely unique and much needed--each chapter goes beyond the research evidence to explore the challenges of applied implementation, providing practical and effective treatment recommendations. If you are working with those struggling with PTSD, this is a 'must read' regardless of clinical setting. You simply won’t find more innovative, comprehensive coverage of this critical topic."--M. David Rudd, PhD, ABPP, President and Distinguished University Professor of Psychology, University of Memphis"Congratulations to Dave Forbes, Jon Bisson, Candice Monson, and Lucy Berliner on overseeing this new edition. They have masterfully synthesized the wide-ranging research on treating PTSD that has been going on since the second edition of this volume came out. Their editorial vision has brought a fresh perspective to the ISTSS treatment guidelines, and offers the field an invaluable resource. We’re thrilled to see the careful work in this arena continue, giving guidance to practitioners and researchers around the world."--Edna B. Foa, PhD; Terence M. Keane, PhD; Matthew J. Friedman, MD, PhD; and Judith A. Cohen, MD, editors of Effective Treatments for PTSD, Second Edition-When I received the review copy of this book, I immediately pressed it into service....The authors and editors of this book are to be commended for the neat package of materials they have assembled that provides information that both researchers and clinicians need in an unbiased yet easy-to-access style. I believe this book will be important for anyone interested in the current state of the art in trauma treatment or who wants to know what is happening in trauma research. I highly recommend this book for both scientists and practitioners. (on the second edition)--PsycCRITIQUES, 9/1/2009

• I. Introduction and Background1. Effective Treatments for PTSD: Guiding Current Practice and Future Innovation, David Forbes, Jonathan I. Bisson, Candice M. Monson, & Lucy Berliner2. Trauma and PTSD: Epidemiology, Comorbidity, and Clinical Presentation in Adults, Kristina J. Korte, Tammy Jiang, Karestan C. Koenen, & Jaimie Gradus3. Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Developmental Considerations in Children and Adolescents, Eva Alisic, Rowena Conroy, & Siri Thoresen4. Diagnosis, Assessment, and Screening for PTSD and Complex PTSD in Adults, Jonathan I. Bisson, Chris R. Brewin, Marylene Cloitre, & Andreas Maercker5. Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis in Children and Adolescents, Lucy Berliner, Richard Meiser-Stedman, & Andrea Danese6. ISTSS PTSD Prevention and Treatment Guidelines: Methodology, Jonathan I. Bisson, Catrin Lewis, & Neil Roberts7. ISTSS PTSD Prevention and Treatment Guidelines: Recommendations, Jonathan I. Bisson, Lucy Berliner, Marylene Cloitre, David Forbes, Tine Jensen, Catrin Lewis, Candice M. Monson, Miranda Olff, Stephen Pilling, David Riggs, Neil Roberts, & Francine ShapiroII. Early Intervention in Adults8. Early Intervention for Trauma-Related Psychopathology, Meaghan L. O’Donnell, Belinda J. Pacella, Richard A. Bryant, Miranda Olff, & David Forbes9. Early Pharmacological Intervention Following Exposure to Traumatic Events, Jonathan I. Bisson, Laurence Astill Wright, & Marit SijbrandijIII. Early Intervention in Children and Adolescents10. Preventative and Early Interventions, Justin Kenardy, Nancy Kassam-Adams, & Grete DybIV. Treatments for Adults11. Psychological Treatments: Core and Common Elements of Effectiveness, Miranda Olff, Candice M. Monson, David Riggs, Christopher W. Lee, Anke Ehlers, & David Forbes12. Prolonged Exposure, David S. Riggs, Larissa Tate, Kelly Chrestman, & Edna B. Foa13. Cognitive Processing Therapy, Kathleen M. Chard, Debra L. Kaysen, Tara E. Galovski, Reginald D. V. Nixon, & Candice M. Monson14. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy, Francine Shapiro, Mark C. Russell, Christopher W. Lee, & Sarah J. Schubert15. Cognitive Therapy, Anke Ehlers16. Pharmacological and Other Biological Treatments, Jonathan I. Bisson, Mathew Hoskins, & Dan J. Stein17. Combined Psychotherapy and Medication Treatment, Mark Burton, Jessica Maples-Keller, Mathew Hoskins, Yilang Tang, Katarzyna Wyka, JoAnn Difede, & Barbara O. Rothbaum18. E-Mental Health, Catrin Lewis & Miranda Olff19. Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Interventions, Ariel Lang & Barbara Niles20. Treatment of Complex PTSD, Marylene Cloitre, Thanos Karatzias, & Julian FordV. Treatments for Children and Adolescents21. Treatment of PTSD and Complex PTSD, Tine Jensen, Judy Cohen, Lisa Jaycox, & Rita RosnerVI. Application, Implementation, and Future Directions22. Treatment Considerations for PTSD Comorbidities, Neil P. Roberts, Sudie E. Back, Kim Mueser, & Laura K. Murray23. Building a Science of Personalized Interventions for PTSD, Marylene Cloitre, Zachary Cohen, & Ulrich Schnyder24. Training and Implementation of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for PTSD, David S. Riggs, Maegan M. Paxton, Sybil Mallonee, Craig Rosen, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, & Shannon Dorsey25. A Health Economics View, Ifigeneia Mavranezouli & Cathy Mihalopoulos26. The Future of Traumatic Stress Treatments: Time to Grasp the Opportunity, David Forbes, Jonathan I. Bisson, Candice M. Monson, & Lucy Berliner