GABRIELE ESPOSITO is a professor of modern history, a freelance researcher and an author of military history books, specializing in uniformology. His interests range from ancient civilizations to modern postcolonial conflicts including 19th-century Italian, Spanish and Latin American wars. His books and essays have been published by Pen & Sword, Winged Hussar and Libreria Editrice Goriziana and he contributes to a variety of specialist military-history journals. He has written various titles for Osprey including MAA 499 Armies of the War of the Triple Alliance 1864–70 and MAA 541 Armies of the War of the Grand Alliance 1688–97.

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• INTRODUCTION – The 18th-century army– The ‘New Army’, 1794–1807– The Empire during the Napoleonic WarsCHRONOLOGY, 1815–1914 REFORMS UNDER MAHMUD II, 1826–39 – Disbandment of the Janissaries– Rebirth of the New Army– Reconstruction and reserves, 1829–36THE TANZIMAT, 1840–53 – Military regions and army corps– ConscriptionTHE CRIMEAN WAR, 1853–56 – Ottoman campaigns– Bashi-bazouks under European command– The Anglo–Turkish Contingent– Polish volunteersTHE RUSSO–TURKISH WAR, 1877–78 – Summary– Military Service Law, 1869– The Ottoman Army, 1877– Second-line reserves and auxiliariesTHE LATE OTTOMAN ARMY – Military Service Law, 1879– Hamidye irregulars, 1890s– Further 1890s reformsTHE ‘YOUNG TURKS’ REVOLUTION – The army in 1909–14ARMIES OF VASSAL STATES – Egyptian army, 1815–82– Tunisian army, 1830–81– Serbian army, 1808–76– Montenegrin army, 1830–76– Moldavian army, 1830–59– Wallachian army, 1830–59SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY PLATE COMMENTARIES INDEX

GABRIELE ESPOSITO is a professor of modern history, a freelance researcher and an author of military history books, specializing in uniformology. His interests range from ancient civilizations to modern postcolonial conflicts including 19th-century Italian, Spanish and Latin American wars. His books and essays have been published by Pen & Sword, Winged Hussar and Libreria Editrice Goriziana and he contributes to a variety of specialist military-history journals. He has written various titles for Osprey including MAA 499 Armies of the War of the Triple Alliance 1864–70 and MAA 541 Armies of the War of the Grand Alliance 1688–97.

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• INTRODUCTION – The 18th-century army– The ‘New Army’, 1794–1807– The Empire during the Napoleonic WarsCHRONOLOGY, 1815–1914 REFORMS UNDER MAHMUD II, 1826–39 – Disbandment of the Janissaries– Rebirth of the New Army– Reconstruction and reserves, 1829–36THE TANZIMAT, 1840–53 – Military regions and army corps– ConscriptionTHE CRIMEAN WAR, 1853–56 – Ottoman campaigns– Bashi-bazouks under European command– The Anglo–Turkish Contingent– Polish volunteersTHE RUSSO–TURKISH WAR, 1877–78 – Summary– Military Service Law, 1869– The Ottoman Army, 1877– Second-line reserves and auxiliariesTHE LATE OTTOMAN ARMY – Military Service Law, 1879– Hamidye irregulars, 1890s– Further 1890s reformsTHE ‘YOUNG TURKS’ REVOLUTION – The army in 1909–14ARMIES OF VASSAL STATES – Egyptian army, 1815–82– Tunisian army, 1830–81– Serbian army, 1808–76– Montenegrin army, 1830–76– Moldavian army, 1830–59– Wallachian army, 1830–59SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY PLATE COMMENTARIES INDEX

GABRIELE ESPOSITO is a professor of modern history, a freelance researcher and an author of military history books, specializing in uniformology. His interests range from ancient civilizations to modern postcolonial conflicts including 19th-century Italian, Spanish and Latin American wars. His books and essays have been published by Pen & Sword, Winged Hussar and Libreria Editrice Goriziana and he contributes to a variety of specialist military-history journals. He has written various titles for Osprey including MAA 499 Armies of the War of the Triple Alliance 1864–70 and MAA 541 Armies of the War of the Grand Alliance 1688–97.

Select Guide Rating

• INTRODUCTION – The 18th-century army– The ‘New Army’, 1794–1807– The Empire during the Napoleonic WarsCHRONOLOGY, 1815–1914 REFORMS UNDER MAHMUD II, 1826–39 – Disbandment of the Janissaries– Rebirth of the New Army– Reconstruction and reserves, 1829–36THE TANZIMAT, 1840–53 – Military regions and army corps– ConscriptionTHE CRIMEAN WAR, 1853–56 – Ottoman campaigns– Bashi-bazouks under European command– The Anglo–Turkish Contingent– Polish volunteersTHE RUSSO–TURKISH WAR, 1877–78 – Summary– Military Service Law, 1869– The Ottoman Army, 1877– Second-line reserves and auxiliariesTHE LATE OTTOMAN ARMY – Military Service Law, 1879– Hamidye irregulars, 1890s– Further 1890s reformsTHE ‘YOUNG TURKS’ REVOLUTION – The army in 1909–14ARMIES OF VASSAL STATES – Egyptian army, 1815–82– Tunisian army, 1830–81– Serbian army, 1808–76– Montenegrin army, 1830–76– Moldavian army, 1830–59– Wallachian army, 1830–59SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY PLATE COMMENTARIES INDEX