Neurophysiological Bases of Auditory Perception

Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda, Ph.D. is director of the Auditory Computation and Psychoacoustics Unit of the Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (University of Salamanca, Spain). His research focuses on understanding and modeling human cochlear nonlinear signal processing and the role of the peripheral auditory system in normal and impaired auditory perception. He has authored over 45 scientific papers and book chapters and is co-editor of the book Computational Models of the Auditory System (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research). He has been principal investigator, participant and consultant on numerous research projects. He is member of the Acoustical Society of America and of the Association of Research in Otolaryngololgy. Alan R. Palmer, Ph.D. is Deputy Director of the MRC Institute of Hearing Research and holds a Special Professorship in neuroscience at the University of Nottingham UK. He received his first degree in Biological Sciences from the University of Birmingham UK and his PhD in Communication and Neuroscience from the University of Keele UK.  After postdoctoral research at Keele, he established his own laboratory at the National Institute for Medical Research in London.  This was followed by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship at the University of Sussex before taking a program leader position at the Medical Research Council Institute for Hearing Research in 1986.  He heads a research team that uses neurophysiological, computational and neuroanatomical techniques to study the way the brain processes sound. Ray Meddis, Ph.D. is director of the Hearing Research Laboratory at the University of Essex, England. His research has concentrated on the development of computer models of the physiology of the auditory periphery and how these can be incorporated into models of psychophysical phenomena such as pitch and auditory scene analysis. He has published extensively inthis area. He is co-editor of the book Computational Models of the Auditory System (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research). His current research concerns the application of computer models to an understanding of hearing impairment. He is a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and a member of the Association of Research in Otolaryngololgy.

• ContentsPart I Cochlea/Peripheral Processing1 Influence of Neural Synchrony on the Compound Action Potential,Masking, and the Discrimination of Harmonic Complexes2 A Nonlinear Auditory Filterbank Controlled by Sub-band InstantaneousFrequency Estimates 3 Estimates of Tuning of Auditory Filter Using Simultaneousand Forward Notched-noise 4 A Model of Ventral Cochlear Nucleus Units Based on First Order 5 The Effect of Reverberation on the Temporal Representationof the F0 of Frequency Swept Harmonic Complexesin the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus 6 Spectral Edges as Optimal Stimuli for the Dorsal Cochlear 7 Psychophysical and Physiological Assessment of the Representationof High-frequency Spectral Notches in the Auditory Nerve Part II Pitch8 Spatio-Temporal Representation of the Pitch of Complex Tonesin the Auditory 9 Virtual Pitch in a Computational Physiological 10 Searching for a Pitch Centre in Human Auditory 11 Imaging Temporal Pitch Processing in the Auditory Pathway Part III Modulation12 Spatiotemporal Encoding of Vowels in Noise Studied withthe Responses of Individual Auditory-Nerve 13 Role of Peripheral Nonlinearities in Comodulation Masking 14 Neuromagnetic Representation of Comodulation Masking Releasein the Human Auditory 15 Psychophysically Driven Studies of Responses to AmplitudeModulation in the Inferior Colliculus: Comparing Single-UnitPhysiology to Behavioral 16 Source Segregation Based on Temporal Envelope Structureand Binaural 17 Simulation of Oscillating Neurons in the Cochlear Nucleus:A Possible Role for Neural Nets, Onset Cells, and Synaptic 18 ForwardMasking: Temporal Integration or Adaptation?19 The Time Course of Listening Part IV Animal Communication20 Frogs Communicate with Ultrasound in Noisy Environments 21 The Olivocochlear System Takes Part in Audio-Vocal Interaction 22 Neural Representation of Frequency Resolution in the MouseAuditory Midbrain23 Behavioral and Neural Identification of Birdsong under SeveralMasking Conditions Part V Intensity Representation24 Near-Threshold Auditory Evoked Fields and Potentials are In Linewith the Weber-Fechner Law 25 Brain Activation in Relation to Sound Intensity and Loudness 26 Duration Dependency of Spectral Loudness Summation, Measuredwith Three Different Experimental Procedures Part VI Scene Analysis27 The Correlative Brain: A Stream Segregation Model 28 Primary Auditory Cortical Responses while Attendingto Different Streams 29 Hearing Out Repeating Elements in Randomly Varying MultitoneSequences: A Case of Streaming? 30 The Dynamics of Auditory Streaming: Psychophysics, Neuroimaging,and Modeling 31 Auditory Stream Segregation Based on Speaker Size, and Identificationof Size-Modulated Vowel Sequences 32 Auditory Scene Analysis: A Prerequisite for Loudness Perception 33 Modulation Detection Interference as Informational Masking 34 A Paradoxical Aspect of Auditory Change Detection 35 Human Auditory Cortical Processing of Transitions Between‘Order’ and ‘Disorder’ 36 Wideband Inhibition Modulates the Effect of Onset Asynchronyas a Grouping Cue 37 Discriminability of Statistically Independent Gaussian Noise Tokensand Random Tone-BurstComplexes38 The Role of Rehearsal and Lateralization in Pitch Memory Part VII Binaural Hearing39 Interaural Correlation and Loudness 40 Interaural Phase and Level Fluctuations as the Basis of InterauralIncoherence Detection 41 Logarithmic Scaling of Interaural Cross Correlation: A Model Basedon Evidence from Psychophysics and EEG 42 A Physiologically-Based Population Rate Code for Interaural TimeDifferences (ITDs) Predicts Bandwidth-Dependent Lateralization 43 A p-Limit for Coding ITDs: Neural Responses and the Binaural Display 44 A p-Limit for Coding ITDs: Implications for Binaural Models 45 Strategies for Encoding ITD in the Chicken Nucleus Laminaris 46 Interaural Level Difference Discrimination Thresholds and VirtualAcoustic Space Minimum Audible Angles for Single Neurons in theLateral Superior Olive 47 Responses in Inferior Colliculus to Dichotic Harmonic Stimuli:The Binaural Integration of Pitch Cues 48 Level Dependent Shifts in Auditory Nerve Phase Locking UnderlieChanges in Interaural Time Sensitivity with Interaural LevelDifferences in the Inferior Colliculus 49 Remote Masking and the Binaural Masking-Level Difference 50 Perceptual and Physiological Characteristics of BinauralSluggishness 51 Precedence-Effect with Cochlear Implant Simulation 52 Enhanced Processing of Interaural Temporal Disparities atHigh-Frequencies: Beyond Transposed Stimuli 53 Models of Neural Responses to Bilateral Electrical Stimulation 54 Neural and Behavioral Sensitivities to Azimuth Degrade with Distancein Reverberant Environments Part VIII Speech and Learning55 Spectro-temporal Processing of Speech – An Information-TheoreticFramework 56 Articulation Index and Shannon Mutual Information 57 Perceptual Compensation for Reverberation: Effects of‘Noise-Like’ and ‘Tonal’ Contexts 58 Towards Predicting Consonant Confusions of Degraded Speech 59 The Influence of Masker Type on the Binaural IntelligibilityLevel Index