Dr. Elfarra received his B.S. degree in Pharmacy at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, in 1975 and his Ph.D. degree in Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, in 1983. In 1985, Dr. Elfarra joined Shell Development Company in Houston, Texas as an associate research toxicologist after he completed his postdoctoral training in Pharmacology at the University of Rochester in Rochester, NY. Dr. Elfarra joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison as assistant professor in 1986. He was promoted to associate and full professor in 1992 and 1996, respectively. He served as the chair of the campus Biosafety Committee and has trained a large number of undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral students in his laboratory. He is the current director of the institutional training grant from NIEHS. Dr. Elfarra has served on the executive committee for the Division of Toxicology of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and has organized and participated in many national and international symposia focused on topics related to his research. He has served as consultant for many organizations, such as NIH, the National Research Council Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, the Health Effects Institute, Health Canada, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

• General Concepts and Basic Mechanisms.- Metabolic Concerns in Drug Design.- Role of Bioactivation in Idiosyncratic Drug Toxicity: Structure#x2013;Toxicity Relationships.- Michael Addition#x2013;Elimination Reactions: Roles in Toxicity and Potential New Therapeutic Applications.- Induction of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Contrasting Roles in Detoxification and Bioactivation of Drugs and Xenobiotics.- Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 2A and 2B Enzymes.- CYP2E1 #x2013; Biochemical and Toxicological Aspects and Role in Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury.- One- and Two-Electron-Mediated Reduction of Quinones: Enzymology and Toxicological Implications.- Lipoxidation-Derived Electrophiles as Biological Reactive Intermediates.- Bioactivation and Protein Modification Reactions of Unsaturated Aldehydes.- Tissue-Specific Features and Risk Assessment Applications.- Adaptive Responses and Signal Transduction Pathways in Chemically Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Death.- Hepatic Bioactivation and Drug-Induced Liver Injury.- Role of Cysteine S-Conjugate #x03B2;-Lyases in the Bioactivation of Renal Toxicants.- Bioactivation of Xenobiotics in Lung: Role of CYPs and FMOs.- Generation of Reactive Metabolites and Associated DNA Adducts from Benzene, Butadiene, and PAH in Bone Marrow. Their Effects on Hematopoiesis and Impact on Human Health.- Butadiene-Mediated Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis.- Pharmacogenetics of Drug Bioactivation Pathways.- Human Phenanthrene Metabolites as Probes for the Metabolic Activation and Detoxification of Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Dr. Elfarra received his B.S. degree in Pharmacy at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, in 1975 and his Ph.D. degree in Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, in 1983. In 1985, Dr. Elfarra joined Shell Development Company in Houston, Texas as an associate research toxicologist after he completed his postdoctoral training in Pharmacology at the University of Rochester in Rochester, NY. Dr. Elfarra joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison as assistant professor in 1986. He was promoted to associate and full professor in 1992 and 1996, respectively. He served as the chair of the campus Biosafety Committee and has trained a large number of undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral students in his laboratory. He is the current director of the institutional training grant from NIEHS. Dr. Elfarra has served on the executive committee for the Division of Toxicology of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and has organized and participated in many national and international symposia focused on topics related to his research. He has served as consultant for many organizations, such as NIH, the National Research Council Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, the Health Effects Institute, Health Canada, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

• General Concepts and Basic Mechanisms.- Metabolic Concerns in Drug Design.- Role of Bioactivation in Idiosyncratic Drug Toxicity: Structure#x2013;Toxicity Relationships.- Michael Addition#x2013;Elimination Reactions: Roles in Toxicity and Potential New Therapeutic Applications.- Induction of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Contrasting Roles in Detoxification and Bioactivation of Drugs and Xenobiotics.- Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 2A and 2B Enzymes.- CYP2E1 #x2013; Biochemical and Toxicological Aspects and Role in Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury.- One- and Two-Electron-Mediated Reduction of Quinones: Enzymology and Toxicological Implications.- Lipoxidation-Derived Electrophiles as Biological Reactive Intermediates.- Bioactivation and Protein Modification Reactions of Unsaturated Aldehydes.- Tissue-Specific Features and Risk Assessment Applications.- Adaptive Responses and Signal Transduction Pathways in Chemically Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Death.- Hepatic Bioactivation and Drug-Induced Liver Injury.- Role of Cysteine S-Conjugate #x03B2;-Lyases in the Bioactivation of Renal Toxicants.- Bioactivation of Xenobiotics in Lung: Role of CYPs and FMOs.- Generation of Reactive Metabolites and Associated DNA Adducts from Benzene, Butadiene, and PAH in Bone Marrow. Their Effects on Hematopoiesis and Impact on Human Health.- Butadiene-Mediated Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis.- Pharmacogenetics of Drug Bioactivation Pathways.- Human Phenanthrene Metabolites as Probes for the Metabolic Activation and Detoxification of Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Dr. Elfarra received his B.S. degree in Pharmacy at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, in 1975 and his Ph.D. degree in Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, in 1983. In 1985, Dr. Elfarra joined Shell Development Company in Houston, Texas as an associate research toxicologist after he completed his postdoctoral training in Pharmacology at the University of Rochester in Rochester, NY. Dr. Elfarra joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison as assistant professor in 1986. He was promoted to associate and full professor in 1992 and 1996, respectively. He served as the chair of the campus Biosafety Committee and has trained a large number of undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral students in his laboratory. He is the current director of the institutional training grant from NIEHS. Dr. Elfarra has served on the executive committee for the Division of Toxicology of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and has organized and participated in many national and international symposia focused on topics related to his research. He has served as consultant for many organizations, such as NIH, the National Research Council Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, the Health Effects Institute, Health Canada, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

• General Concepts and Basic Mechanisms.- Metabolic Concerns in Drug Design.- Role of Bioactivation in Idiosyncratic Drug Toxicity: Structure#x2013;Toxicity Relationships.- Michael Addition#x2013;Elimination Reactions: Roles in Toxicity and Potential New Therapeutic Applications.- Induction of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Contrasting Roles in Detoxification and Bioactivation of Drugs and Xenobiotics.- Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 2A and 2B Enzymes.- CYP2E1 #x2013; Biochemical and Toxicological Aspects and Role in Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury.- One- and Two-Electron-Mediated Reduction of Quinones: Enzymology and Toxicological Implications.- Lipoxidation-Derived Electrophiles as Biological Reactive Intermediates.- Bioactivation and Protein Modification Reactions of Unsaturated Aldehydes.- Tissue-Specific Features and Risk Assessment Applications.- Adaptive Responses and Signal Transduction Pathways in Chemically Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Death.- Hepatic Bioactivation and Drug-Induced Liver Injury.- Role of Cysteine S-Conjugate #x03B2;-Lyases in the Bioactivation of Renal Toxicants.- Bioactivation of Xenobiotics in Lung: Role of CYPs and FMOs.- Generation of Reactive Metabolites and Associated DNA Adducts from Benzene, Butadiene, and PAH in Bone Marrow. Their Effects on Hematopoiesis and Impact on Human Health.- Butadiene-Mediated Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis.- Pharmacogenetics of Drug Bioactivation Pathways.- Human Phenanthrene Metabolites as Probes for the Metabolic Activation and Detoxification of Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.