Handbook of Drought and Water Scarcity

Dr. Saeid Eslamian is professor of Hydrology at Isfahan University of Technology, where he heads the Hydrology Research Group in the Department of Water Engineering. His research focuses mainly on statistical and environmental hydrology and climate change. In particular, he is working on modeling and prediction of natural hazards including flood, drought, storms, wind, groundwater drawdown, and pollution for arid and semi-arid zones, particularly in urban areas. He is also a Visiting Professor at Princeton University, and University of ETH Zurich, Switzerland.He has contributed to more than 300 publications in books, research journals, and technical reports or papers in conferences. He is the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of both the International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology and the Journal of Flood Engineering. He received ASCE and EWRI awards in 2009 and 2010 for his research.Faezeh A. Eslamian is a PhD candidate of bioresource engineering and research assistant at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. She is currently working on the fate and transport of phosphorus through subsurface drained farmlands. Dr. Eslamian completed her bachelor’s and master’s degrees in civil and environmental engineering from Isfahan University of Technology, Iran, where she evaluated natural and low-cost absorbents for the removal of pollutants such as textile dyes and heavy metals. Furthermore, she has conducted research on the worldwide water quality standards, wastewater reuse, and drought guidelines.

"The effect of drought on agricultural productivity is widely recognized, but the social, political, and psychological effects of drought may be just as important, especially in a world that is moving towards greater urbanization. The papers in this book discuss the broader aspects of drought, with a view towards the future in an uncertain world."—Richard McCuen, University of Maryland, USA"The three-volume Handbook of Drought and Water Scarcity, edited by Saeid Eslamian, provides a unique synthesis of the recent state of knowledge, which has been fundamental for the development strategies and methodology of achieving the sustainable future we want."—Maciej Zalewski, University of Lodz, Poland"This handbook provides a welcome addition to the literature on drought and water scarcity. Each of the 102 chapters in this three-volume handbook addresses a different issue of water resource management during periods of drought and water scarcity. Hence, a water resource manager should be able to find discussion relevant to resolution of their resource management problem. My congratulations on the production of a handbook that is a most welcome addition to the literature on this topic."— James E Ball, University of Technology Sydney, Australia"The Handbook of Drought and Water Scarcity includes a wide range of topics that will be an essential addition to professionals regarding the underlying concepts and techniques behind drought occurrence, its characterization, impacts, and consequences, and planning and management aspects. A valuable handbook for libraries worldwide."—Jose D. Salas, Colorado State University, USA"This three volume set is a comprehensive treatment on this complex and important subject. It presents the definition of drought and its indices used for various sectors, the effects of a changing climate and ocean oscillations on drought, advanced methods for forecasting its progression, modeling its impacts on environmental, economic, agricultural, and social conditions, and mitigation methods and strategies, including technology, law, policy, and education."— Emery Coppola Jr., NOAH LLC, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA"This three volume set presents the most current developments in the theoretical and practical aspects of forecasting and monitoring droughts, assessing their consequences in many areas and developing optimal management strategies to lower or even avoid their negative effects in all areas of the environment, economy and our life."—Ferenc Szidarovszky, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

• EditorsContributors1 Drought VulnerabilityChandrashekhar Bhuiyan2 Drought Impacts on UrbanizationShafi Noor Islam and Samina Mazumder Tuli3 Environmental Impacts of Drought on Desertification ClassificationNicolas R. Dalezios and Saeid Eslamian4 Climate Parameter VariabilityMarco Casazza5 Climate Change Impact on Urban Water DeficitSara Nazif, Hamed Tavakolifar, and Saeid Eslamian6 Climate Change Impacts on and Adaptation to GroundwaterShamsuddin Shahid, Mahiuddin Alamgir, Xiao-jun Wang, and Saeid Eslamian7 Climate Change Impacts on Precipitation and TemperatureMarina Baldi8 Minimizing the Impacts of DroughtOluwagbenga O.I. Orimoogunje and Saeid Eslamian9 Climate Change and Drought: Building Resilience for an Unpredictable FutureHamideh Maleksaeidi, Marzieh Keshavarz, Ezatollah Karami, and Saeid Eslamian10 Sustainable Agriculture: Building Social-Ecological ResilienceMohammad Naser Reyhani, Saeid Eslamian, and Alireza Davari11 Drought and Water QualityTheodore C. Crusberg and Saeid Eslamian12 Securing Water PollutionMarine Nalbandyan13 Conjunctive Use of Water Reuse in DroughtKatherine Y. Bell, Robert Bastian, and Jennifer A. Gelmini14 Criteria for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse under Water ScarcityMiquel Salgot, Gideon Oron, Giuseppe L. Cirelli, Nicolas R. Dalezios, Amelia Díaz, and Andreas N. Angelakis15 Drought and Groundwater Quality in Coastal AreasYohannes Yihdego16 Contamination of Groundwater in Arid and Semiarid LandsNoureddine Gaaloul, Saeid Eslamian, and Benoit Laignel17 Sanitation in DroughtBosun Banjoko and Saeid Eslamian18 Environmental Flows Assessment in Scarce Water ResourcesAlireza Davari, Ali Bagheri, Mohammad Naser Reyhani, and Saeid Eslamian19 Low Flow and Instream Flow RequirementsSalvatore Alecci and Giuseppe Rossi20 Streamflow Quality in Low-Flow ConditionsQin Qian and Saeid Eslamian21 River Sediment in Low Flow ConditionNazanin Mohammadzade Miyab, Saeid Eslamian, and Nicolas R. Dalezios22 Impact of Overexploitation of Water Resources on Ecohydrological Change in ChinaTadanobu Nakayama23 Crop Insurance in Drought ConditionsC. Dionisio Pérez-Blanco, Gonzalo Delacámara, C. Mario Gómez, and Saeid Eslamian24 Biotechnology for Drought ImprovementDanial Kahrizi, Kasra Esfehani, Ali Ashraf Mehrabi, Matin Ghaheri, Zahra Azizi Aram, Solmaz Khosravi, and Saeid Eslamian25 Water Issues from a System Dynamics PerspectivePeter Wade and Saeid Eslamian26 Rainwater Harvesting in Arid Regions of AustraliaAtaur Rahman, Evan Hajani, and Saeid Eslamian27 Water Conservation TechniquesMeysam Malekian Jabali, Saeid Okhravi, Saeid Eslamian, and Saeed Gohari28 Food Security and Nutrition PolicyShafi Noor Islam, Sandra Reinstädtler, Maria Aparecida de SáXavier, and Albrecht Gnauck29 Soil Contaminations in Arid and Semiarid LandSaumitra Mukherjee, Kamana Yadav, and Saeid Eslamian30 Water Scarcity and Sustainable Urban Green LandscapeSoleyman Dayani, Mohammad R. Sabzalian, Mahdi Hadipour, and Saeid Eslamian31 Drought in Lake UrmiaSaeid Okhravi, Saeid Eslamian, and Saleh Tarkesh Esfahany32 Interbasin Transfers of Water: Zayandeh-Rud River BasinAlireza Gohari, Mohammad Javad Zareian, Saeid Eslamian, and Rouzbeh Nazari33 Environmental Evaluation: Lessons Learned from Case StudiesBosun Banjoko and Saeid Eslamian34 Paleo-Drought: Measurements and AnalysisDinara Abbasova, Saeid Eslamian, and Rouzbeh NazariIndex